GM Family II engine

{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2025}} {{Infobox automobile engine | name = Family II engine | manufacturer = {{unbulleted list|[[General Motors]]}} | production = {{unbulleted list | 1981–1999 ([[Opel]])<ref name="media.gm.com">{{cite web | url = http://media.gm.com/media/de/de/opel/company_opel/Werke/Kaiserslautern.html | access-date = 29 December 2014 | title = Werk Kaiserslautern. Zahlen und Fakten}}</ref>|1981–2009 ([[Holden]])<ref>{{cite web | title = Holden stops Family II engine Production | url = http://www.zercustoms.com/news/Holden-Stops-Family-II-Engine-Production.html | work = Zer Customs | access-date = 23 May 2014}}</ref>|1981–2016 ([[GM do Brasil]])<ref>{{cite web | url = http://history.gmheritagecenter.com/wiki/index.php/GM_do_Brasil_Milestones:_1980_-_1989 | access-date = 29 December 2014 | title = GM do Brasil Milestones: 1980 – 1989}}</ref>}} | aka = {{unbulleted list|D-TEC|Flex-Power|MultiPower|Big-block|Camtech}} | image = Opel Ascona C Engine Family II.jpg | caption = Early GM Family II engine (16S) in a 1982 Opel Ascona C | predecessor = {{unbulleted list | [[Opel cam-in-head engine|Opel CIH engine]] | [[Holden Starfire engine]]}} | successor = {{unbulleted list | [[GM Ecotec engine]] (2.0 – 2.4 L) | [[Family 1 engine]] (1.6 – 1.8 L) }} | configuration = {{unbulleted list |[[Straight-4]]}} | valvetrain = {{unbulleted list |[[Multi-valve#Two valves|SOHC]] 2 valves x cyl.|[[Dual overhead cam|DOHC]] [[Multi-valve#Four valves|4 valves x cyl.]]}} | oilsystem = [[Wet sump]] | coolingsystem = [[Water-cooled]] | block = [[Cast iron]] | head = Aluminium }}

The '''Family II''' is a [[straight-4]] [[piston engine]] that was originally developed by [[Opel]] in the 1970s, debuting in 1981. Available in a wide range of [[Engine displacement|cubic capacities]] ranging from 1598 to 2405 cc, it simultaneously replaced the [[Opel cam-in-head engine|Opel CIH]] and [[Vauxhall Slant-4 engine|Vauxhall Slant-4]] engines, and was [[GM Europe]]'s core mid-sized powerplant design for much of the 1980s, and provided the basis for the later [[GM Ecotec engine|Ecotec]] series of engines in the 1990s.

The Family II shares its basic design and architecture with the smaller [[GM Family 1 engine|Family I]] engine (which covered capacities from 1.0 to 1.6 litres) – and for this reason the Family I and Family II engines are also known informally as the "small block" and "big block", respectively – although the 1.6 L capacity was available in either type depending on its fuelling system. GM's Australian arm [[Holden]] officially branded the engine as "Camtech 4".

The engine also spawned two diesel variants, the 1.6 L and 1.7 L.

The engine features a cast iron block, an aluminium head, and a timing belt driven valvetrain. The timing belt also drives the water pump. It was first used in the [[Opel Kadett|Opel Kadett D]], [[Opel Ascona|Ascona C]], and their corresponding [[Vauxhall Motors|Vauxhall]] sister models, the Astra and Cavalier II. Many [[General Motors]] subsidiaries, including [[Daewoo Motors|Daewoo]], [[GM do Brasil]], [[GM Powertrain]], and Holden have used this design.

Family II engines for the European and Australasian markets were manufactured by Holden at its [[Holden Fishermans Bend Plant|Fisherman's Bend]] plant in [[Melbourne]] until 2009, whilst the Americas were supplied from the São José dos Campos plant in the [[São Paulo (state)|São Paulo]] region of Brazil.

By 1986, the Family II unit had almost completely replaced the CIH engine as Opel/Vauxhall's core 4-cylinder engine – the CIH continuing only in 2.4L 4-cylinder format, and in all 6-cylinder applications in the [[Opel Omega|Omega]] and [[Opel Senator|Senator]] models until 1994.

The development track of these engines split in 1987, with the introduction of the '''20XE'''; which featured a 16-valve [[DOHC]] head, with Holden production of the SOHC versions ending in 2009. Although SOHC versions stayed in production in Brazil, most DOHC engines were replaced by the all-aluminium [[GM Ecotec engine]] family.

In 2004, a 2.0 L ''MultiPower'' engine was made available for the taxi market which could use gasoline, alcohol, and [[Natural gas vehicle|natural gas]].

==SOHC== {{Infobox automobile engine | image = 20SEH engine.jpg | caption = Family II engine (20SEH) fitted to a Vauxhall Cavalier Mk3 (Opel Vectra A) | name = SOHC | manufacturer = [[General Motors]] | aka = 8-valve | production = 1981–2009 | valvetrain = [[Single overhead cam]] | fueltype = {{unbulleted list |[[Diesel fuel|Diesel]]|Gasoline|[[Ethanol]]}} | displacement = {{unbulleted list |{{convert|1598|cc|cuin|abbr=on}}|{{cvt|1700|cc|cuin|1}}|{{convert|1796|cc|cuin|abbr=on}}|{{convert|1998|cc|cuin|abbr=on}}|{{convert|2198|cc|cuin|abbr=on}}|{{cvt|2405|cc|cuin|1}}}} | bore = {{unbulleted list |{{convert|80.0|mm|in|abbr=on}}|{{convert|82.5|mm|in|abbr=on}}|{{convert|84.8|mm|in|abbr=on}}|{{convert|86|mm|in|abbr=on}}|{{convert|87.5|mm|in|abbr=on}}}} | stroke = {{unbulleted list |{{convert|79.5|mm|in|abbr=on}}|{{convert|86|mm|in|abbr=on}}|{{convert|100|mm|in|abbr=on}}}} | compression = {{unbulleted list |8.0:1|9.2:1|9.5:1||10.0:1}} | fuelsystem = {{unbulleted list |[[Fuel injection#Single-point injection|Throttle-body fuel injection]]|[[Fuel injection#Multi-point injection|Multi-point fuel injection]]}} | management = | power = | specpower = | torque = | length = | width = | height = | weight = }}

These engines formed the basis of the modern Family II lineup, starting with the 16SH (1600S) version in the Opel Kadett D/Ascona C (Vauxhall Astra Mk1/Cavalier Mk2) in 1981. Configuration was limited to a single over head cam, and two valves per cylinder in a cross flow layout (8 valves total). Superficially these engines look similar to the "small block" Family I engine; the key difference to aid identification is the position of the oil filter – on the Family I it is on the front face of the cylinder block, pointing towards front of the car, on the Family II it is adjacent to the crankshaft pulley pointing downward. The Family II also has a more sophisticated crankcase breathing circuit, with an additional pipe that runs from the crankcase to the camshaft box, with a further pipe running from a small plenum chamber on the rocker cover.

The 1.8-liter versions appeared first in carburetted form (18N) in 1982 and later also in injected (18LE) and further forms. The 2-liter 20NE was introduced in 1986 for the Opel Omega A (Vauxhall Carlton Mk2) and Ascona C3 (Vauxhall Cavalier Mk2c) and served as the base from which the updated 20SEH, and ultimately the 20XE/C20XE "Red Top". The final versions of this engine, labelled ''[[#Ecotec|Ecotec]]'', evolved from this engine as well.

Early Family II engines had a reputation for rapid camshaft and follower wear (a trait shared with the smaller Family I engine), the problem afflicted Kadett D/Astra I and Ascona C/Cavalier II vehicles fitted with the engine. Improved metallurgy of both the cam lobes and followers, combined with a change to the lubrication specification eventually solved the issue.

Another known issue on the Family II was for the water pump to become jammed into its mounting due to corrosion if the engine was run with no antifreeze; the pump is mounted into an eccentric shaped aperture so it can also function as the timing belt tensioner. If the pump cannot turn then the belt cannot be tensioned. Later versions of the engine were equipped with a separate jockey pulley to combat the issue.

===1.6{{Anchor|16LF|16NV|16SH|C16NZ2|A16NV|A16SH|S16SH}}=== The 1.6-liter iteration ({{convert|1598|cc|cuin|1|abbr=on|disp=or}}) has an {{convert|80.0|mm|in|abbr=on}} bore and a {{convert|79.5|mm|in|abbr=on}} stroke. Opel began production of the 1.6-liter engine in 1980.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://media.gm.com/media/de/de/opel/company_opel/Werke/Kaiserslautern.html | title = Werk Kaiserslautern. Zahlen und Fakten |trans-title=Kaiserslauten plant: Data and facts | language = de | publisher = Opel AG | access-date = 23 May 2014}}</ref> A [[diesel fuel]]ed version also became available. The diesel produced {{convert|54|PS|kW|abbr=on}} at 4600 rpm and {{convert|70.8|lbft|Nm|abbr=on}} of torque at 2400 rpm. It also had a 23:1 compression ratio and a [[Robert Bosch GmbH|Bosch]] injection pump.<ref>{{cite web|title=Astra-Cavalier Product Guide |url=http://vauxpedianet.uk2sitebuilder.com/vauxhall-family-ii-diesel-engine---t79-astra-j82-cavalier-dealer-product-guide |access-date=18 July 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140726121937/http://vauxpedianet.uk2sitebuilder.com/vauxhall-family-ii-diesel-engine---t79-astra-j82-cavalier-dealer-product-guide |archive-date=26 July 2014 }}</ref> The diesel featured valves that rotate, increasing durability.<ref name=TV208255>{{cite magazine | title = Kadett Diesel nu i Sverige | trans-title = Kadett Diesel now in Sweden | ref = TVn20 | language = sv | magazine = [[Teknikens Värld]] | publisher = Specialtidningsförlaget AB | location = Stockholm, Sweden | page = 55 | date = 22 September 1982 | issue = 20 | volume = 34 | editor-first = Börje | editor-last = Isakson }}</ref>

{| class="wikitable" ! Engine ! Power ! Torque ! Compression Ratio ! Fuel Delivery ! Engine Management ! Applications |- ||16LF||72 hp (53 kW ) at 5200 rpm with Ethanol

73 hp (54 kW) at 5400 rpm

with Gasoline |12.6 kgfm (124 Nm) at 2600 rpm with ethanol

12.3 kgfm (121 Nm) at 3000 rpm with Gasoline |12:1 with Ethanol 8:1 with Gasoline

|Carburetor single barrel Weber 190 or brosol h 35 alfa1 Ethanol/Gasoline

|||{{unbulleted list | 1982–1984 [[Holden Camira#JB|Holden Camira (JB)]] 1984–1985 [[Holden Camira#JD|Holden Camira (JD)]] | 1987–1991 [[Nissan Pulsar#N13|Nissan Pulsar (N13)]] (Australia)|1987–1989 [[Holden Astra#LD|Holden Astra (LD)]]|1982–1986 [[Chevrolet Monza (South America)]] }} |- ||16SH||{{convert|66|kW|PS hp|abbr=on}} at 5800 rpm||{{convert|126|Nm|lbft|abbr=on}} at 3800–4200 rpm||||GM Varajett II ||||[[Opel Kadett|Opel Kadett D]] [[Opel Ascona|Opel Ascona C]] [[Opel Kadett E]] |- ||16D/16DA||{{convert|40|kW|PS hp|abbr=on}} at 4600 rpm||{{convert|96|Nm|lbft|abbr=on}} at 2400 rpm||||Bosch VE ||||{{unbulleted list | 1982–1988 [[Opel Ascona]] | 1982–1989 [[Opel Kadett]]}} |- |}

===1.7{{Anchor|17D|X17DTL|Diesel}}=== The 1.7-liter iteration ({{convert|1700|cc|cuin|1|abbr=on|disp=or}}) has an {{convert|82.5|mm|in|abbr=on}} bore and a {{convert|79.5|mm|in|abbr=on}} stroke. The engine uses [[diesel fuel]], and uses indirect injection.

{| class="wikitable" ! Engine ! Power ! Torque ! Compression Ratio ! Fuel Delivery ! Engine Management ! Applications |- ||17D||{{convert|42|kW|PS hp|abbr=on}}||{{convert|105|Nm|lbft|abbr=on}} at 2400 rpm||23:1||Bosch injection pump|| Mechanical Indirect||{{unbulleted list |1988–1991 [[Opel Kadett]] |1991 [[Opel Astra]] |1988–1991 [[Opel Vectra]]}} |- |17DR |{{convert|44|kW|PS hp|abbr=on}} |{{convert|105|Nm|lbft|abbr=on}} at 2650 rpm |23:1 |Lucas injection pump | Mechanical Indirect |{{unbulleted list |1988–1991 [[Opel Kadett]] |1992–1998 [[Opel Astra]] |1992–1995 [[Opel Vectra]]}} |- ||X17DTL||{{convert|50|kW|PS hp|abbr=on}}||{{convert|132|Nm|lbft|abbr=on}} at 2400 rpm||22:1||Various|| Mechanical Indirect||1994–2000 [[Opel Astra]] |}

===1.8{{Anchor|18E|18LE|18N|18NV|18S|18SE|18SEH|18SV|A18N|C18NE|C18NT|C18NV|C18NZ|E18NV|E18NVR|S18E|S18NV|S18S|LH8|LA5}}=== The 1.8-liter iteration ({{convert|1796|cc|cuin|1|abbr=on|disp=or}}) has an {{convert|84.8|mm|in|abbr=on}} bore and a {{convert|79.5|mm|in|abbr=on}} stroke. It was first available in the facelifted [[Opel Manta#B|Opel Manta B]] in May 1982, and quickly made its way into a number of other Opel and GM cars. It was originally available as the 18N and the 18S, for low and high octane petrol respectively. The C18NV was first installed in the Opel Rekord E2 from May 1985 and was one of the first catalysed mass market automobiles sold in Germany (and Europe). The Family II engines in a longitudinal installation (for rear-wheel drive) have one major design difference from their transverse mounted counterparts – the distributor is driven by a small drivebelt from the camshaft timing sprocket rather than directly off the transmission end of the camshaft, which on the Manta B and Rekord E2 (both older vehicles that had originally been designed around the CIH engine) would have meant the distributor fouling the firewall or being impossible to service.

In 1983, the 1.8 L engine was added to certain North American market J-cars; the engines were imported from Brazil.<ref name="Beyond free trade">{{cite book | last1 = Yoffie | first1 = David B. | title = Beyond free trade : firms, governments, and global competition | date = May 1993 | publisher = Harvard Business School Press | location = Boston, Mass. | isbn = 978-0875843445 | page = 221 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=g9RBmG8M4wEC&q=GM%27s+J-car+program&pg=PA221 | access-date = 30 July 2014}}</ref> The '''LA5''' ([[RPO code]]) is a [[turbocharged]] version that was optional in the North American market from 1984.

{| class="wikitable" ! Engine<ref>{{cite web | url = http://historisk-opelklub.dk/wp-content/uploads/2012/06/Motoroversigt.pdf | access-date = 29 December 2014 | title = Motoroversigt. Opel Benzin- og Diesel-motorer ('57–'86)}}</ref> ! Power ! Torque ! Compression Ratio ! Fuel Delivery ! Engine Management ! Applications |- ||18E S18E |{{convert|115|PS|kW|0|abbr=on|order=flip}} at 5800 rpm||{{convert|151|Nm|lbft|abbr=on}} at 4800 rpm||9.5:1||Multipoint fuel injection |(Bosch LE-Jetronic)|||{{unbulleted list | 1982–1986 [[Opel Ascona]] | [[Opel Kadett|Opel Kadett D]]|[[Opel Kadett E]]}} |- ||18LE||79 kW (106 hp) at 5,600 rpm (catalyst)||151 N⋅m (111 lb⋅ft) at 3,600 rpm||8.8:1||Multipoint fuel injection |||{{unbulleted list | 1984– mid 1986 [[Holden Camira#JD|Holden Camira (JD)]] | 1987.07-1991 [[Nissan Pulsar#N13|Nissan Pulsar (N13)]] (Australia)|1987.07–1989.07 [[Holden Astra#LD|Holden Astra (LD)]] | 1990–1998 [[Daewoo Espero]] }} |- ||18N||{{convert|62|kW|PS|abbr=on}} at 5400 rpm||{{convert|135|Nm|lbft|abbr=on}} at 3000 rpm||8.2:1||Pierburg 2E3 ||||{{unbulleted list | 1989-1988 [[Opel Ascona]] | [[Opel Rekord Series E#E2|Opel Rekord E2]]}} |- ||18SE||{{convert|87|kW|PS|abbr=on}} at 5400 rpm||{{convert|160|Nm|lbft|abbr=on}} at 3200 rpm||10.0:1||Multipoint fuel injection |||1995–1999 [[Opel Astra#F|Opel Optima]] (Indonesia) |- ||E18NV||{{convert|62|kW|PS|abbr=on}} at 5400 rpm||{{convert|143|Nm|lbft|abbr=on}} at 2600 rpm||9.2:1||Pierburg 2EE ||||{{unbulleted list | [[Opel Manta ]]B | [[Opel Rekord Series E#E2|Opel Rekord E]] | [[Opel Ascona| Opel Ascona C3]] |[[Opel Vectra#Vectra A|Opel Vectra A]] (1988–1989)}} |- ||C18NE||{{convert|100|PS|kW|0|abbr=on|order=flip}} at 5800 rpm||{{convert|140|Nm|lbft|abbr=on}} at 3000 rpm||8.9:1||Multipoint [[fuel injection]] | (Bosch LU-Jetronic)||1985.05–1986.08 [[Opel Ascona]] C Opel Kadett E |- ||C18NZ||{{convert|66|kW|PS hp|abbr=on}} at 5400 rpm||{{convert|145|Nm|lbft|abbr=on}} at 3000 rpm|||9.2:1||Monopoint fuel injection |(Multec)|||{{unbulleted list | 1990–1991 [[Opel Kadett]] 1992–1994 [[Opel Astra]] | 1992–1994 [[Vauxhall Astra]] 1992–1995 [[Vauxhall Cavalier]] | 1992–1995 [[Opel Vectra]]}} |- ||LH8||{{convert|84|hp|kW|abbr=on|order=flip}} at 5200 rpm||138 Nm (102 lb-ft) at 2800 rpm||9:1||[[Fuel injection|Throttle-body fuel injection]]||||{{unbulleted list | 1982–1986 [[Pontiac Sunbird]]|1982–1986 [[Buick Skyhawk]]|1982–1986 [[Oldsmobile Firenza]]}} |- ||LA5||{{convert|150|hp|kW|0|abbr=on|order=flip}} at 5600 rpm||204 NM (150 lb-ft) at 2800 rpm||8:1||[[Fuel injection|Multi-port fuel injection]] turbocharged | ||{{unbulleted list | 1984–1986 [[Pontiac Sunbird]]|1984–1986 [[Buick Skyhawk]]}} |}

===2.0{{Anchor|20SEH|20NE|20SE|20SER|C20GET|C20NE|C20NEF|C20NEJ|C20SE|LE4|LT2|LT3|X20SE}}=== The [[single overhead camshaft]] {{convert|1998|cc|cuin|abbr=on}} [[Inline-four engine|inline four cylinder engines]] feature a [[Stroke ratio#Square engine|square]] {{convert|86|mm|in|abbr=on}} bore and stroke. They also feature [[fuel injection]], an aluminium [[crossflow cylinder head]] with a belt-driven overhead camshaft, [[electronic ignition]], a six-bolt [[flywheel]], and a 6,400 rpm [[redline]]. Originally, developed by [[Opel]], these engines have been used in Brazilian market vehicles, Korean market vehicles and North American market vehicles; with the first versions appearing in 1981,<ref name="media.gm.com"/> although did not start appearing in European Opel/Vauxhall models until 1986 – firstly in the [[Opel Omega|Omega A]] and then in the facelift [[Opel Ascona|Ascona C3]] for the 1987 model year.

The North American versions were used primarily in the [[GM J platform|J-body]] compact cars from 1983 through 1994 although the [[turbocharger|turbocharged]] version did make a brief appearance in the [[GM N platform|N-body]] [[Pontiac Grand Am]]. The [[SOHC]] version also appeared in the [[Opel kadett#Kadett E|Opel Kadett E]]-based, [[Daewoo]] produced, [[Pontiac LeMans#1988–1993|Pontiac LeMans]] for the US market. In the Brazilian market these engines are still built under the ''FlexPower'' name. Differences between the engines are usually emissions related. However, the ''20SEH'' version was more powerful version produced for Opel's sportier models such as the Ascona GT and Kadett GSi, (their corresponding Vauxhall sisters being the Cavalier SRi 130 and the Astra GTE); it featured a more aggressive camshaft, and high compression [[piston]]s.

The '''LT3''' ([[RPO code]]) or '''C20GET''' is a [[turbocharged]] version produced in Brazil for the North American market.<ref name="Beyond free trade" /> It featured brilliant red powder coating on the camshaft cover, intake manifold and boost pipe. The engine was equipped with a water-cooled [[Garrett AiResearch|Garrett]] T-25 turbocharger; however it did not use an [[intercooler]]. Maximum boost at [[Wide open throttle|WOT]] was {{convert|9|psi|kPa|abbr=on}}.<ref name="DaRkMuCk's GM LT3 Engine Website">{{cite web | url = http://lt3engine.i8.com/specs/LT3.html | title = DaRkMuCk's GM LT3 Engine Website | publisher = Lt3engine.i8.com | access-date = 4 June 2012 | archive-date = 4 March 2016 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160304081158/http://lt3engine.i8.com/specs/LT3.html | url-status = dead }}</ref> [[File:90 sunbird engine.jpg|thumb|LT3 in a 1990 Sunbird GT]]

{| class="wikitable" ! Engine ! Power ! Torque ! Compression Ratio ! Fuel Delivery ! Engine Management ! Applications |- ||20LE||||||||||||{{unbulleted list | 1987–1989 [[Holden Camira#JE|Holden Camira (JE)]] }} |- ||20NE||{{Convert|115|PS|kW|abbr=on}} at 5200 rpm||{{convert|175|Nm|lbft|abbr=on}} at 2600 rpm||9.2:1||Multipoint [[fuel injection]]||Motronic ML 4.1||{{unbulleted list | 1987– [[Opel Kadett]]|1987– [[Opel Omega]]|1987–1991 [[Vauxhall Cavalier]]|[[Opel Calibra]] |[[Opel Ascona C]]}} |- ||20SE||{{convert|122|PS|kW|abbr=on}} at 5400 rpm||{{convert|175|Nm|lbft|abbr=on}} at 2600 rpm||10.0:1||Multipoint [[fuel injection]]||Motronic ML 4.1||{{unbulleted list | 1987– [[Opel Omega]]|[[Holden Commodore (VN)]]}} |- ||20SEH||{{convert|127|-|130|PS|kW|abbr=on}} at 5600 rpm||{{convert|180|Nm|lbft|abbr=on}} at 4600 rpm||10.0:1||Multipoint [[fuel injection]]||{{unbulleted list | Motronic ML 4.1|Motronic 1.5.4}}||{{unbulleted list | [[Opel Astra]]|[[Opel Ascona#C|Opel Ascona C GT]]|[[Opel Kadett#E|Opel Kadett E GSi]]|[[Opel Vectra#A|Opel Vectra A GT]]|1988–1992 [[Vauxhall Cavalier]] SRi}} |- ||C20NE||{{convert|115|PS|kW|abbr=on}} at 5200 rpm||{{convert|170|Nm|lbft|abbr=on}} at 2600 rpm||9.2:1||Multipoint [[fuel injection]]||{{unbulleted list |Motronic M1.5|Motronic M1.5.2<ref>{{cite web | title = Modules – Liste | work = ODB-2 Website | year = 2005 | access-date = 25 May 2008 | url = http://www.obd-2.de/liste.xls | archive-date = 13 February 2012 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120213083554/http://www.obd-2.de/liste.xls | url-status = dead }}</ref>}}||{{unbulleted list | [[Opel Astra]]|[[Opel Vectra]]|1991–1994 [[Vauxhall Cavalier]]|[[Opel Calibra]]||[[Isuzu MU|Opel Frontera]] A}} |- |X20SE |{{convert|115|PS|kW|abbr=on}} at 5200 rpm |{{convert|178|Nm|lbft|abbr=on}} at 2800 rpm |10.0:1 |Multipoint [[fuel injection]] |Motronic M1.5.4 |[[Opel Astra|Opel Omega]] |- ||LT2||{{convert|96|hp|kW|abbr=on}}||{{convert|118|lbft|Nm|0|abbr=on|order=flip}}||||Throttle body fuel injection||||{{unbulleted list | 1987–1988 [[Buick Skyhawk]]|1987–1988 [[Oldsmobile Firenza]]|1988–1990 [[Passport Optima]]|1989–1990 [[Pontiac LeMans]] GSE Hatchback|1987–1991 [[Pontiac Sunbird|Pontiac 2000/Sunbird]]}} |- ||LE4||{{convert|110|hp|kW|abbr=on}} at 5200 rpm||{{convert|123|lbft|Nm|abbr=on|order=flip}} at 3600 rpm||||Multi-Port Fuel Injection||||1992–1994 [[Pontiac Sunbird]] |- ||LT3<ref name="DaRkMuCk's GM LT3 Engine Website"/>||{{convert|165|hp|kW|0|abbr=on}} at 5600 rpm||{{convert|175|lbft|Nm|0|abbr=on}} at 4000 rpm||8.0:1||Multi-Port Fuel Injection||||{{unbulleted list | 1987–1990 [[Pontiac Sunbird]]|1987–1989 [[Pontiac Grand Am]] SE|1987 [[Buick Skyhawk]] [[T-Type]]}} |}

=== {{anchor|C22NE|22LE}} 2.2 === The 2.2 L or {{convert|2198|cc|cuin|abbr=on}} version has an 86mm (3.38 in) bore and a 94.6mm (3.7 in) stroke. It is codenamed '''C22NE''' and '''22LE'''.

It was mainly used in the Brazilian market, in the Opel Omega A (Chevrolet Omega in Brazil) with 116 hp and the Opel Vectra B (Chevrolet Vectra in Brazil) with 123 hp. This engine replaced the 2.0 8v C20NE (116 hp) version that was considered weak when fitted to cars like Omega and Vectra, by the Brazilian market, however 2.2L Omega A's for the European market continued to use the older CIH engine, rather than the Family II.

Applications: * [[Opel Omega]] * [[Opel Vectra]] * [[Isuzu Faster]] * [[FS Lublin]], modified C22NED engine

===2.4{{Anchor|C24SE|X24XF}}=== The {{convert|2405|cc|cuin|abbr=on}} version has an {{convert|87.5|mm|in|abbr=on}} bore and a {{convert|100|mm|in|abbr=on}} stroke. * '''C24SE''' – 2.4 L [[SOHC]] – [[Isuzu Rodeo]] (C24SE built by Holden) * '''X24XF'''— 2.4 L [[Manifold injection#Multi-point injection|MPFI]] [[SOHC]] 8V FlexPower

==DOHC== {{Infobox automobile engine |name=DOHC |manufacturer=[[General Motors]] | aka = "Red Top"/ XE TWIN-TEC Ecotec | production =1987–2014 | valvetrain =[[Double overhead cam]] | fueltype =Gasoline | image = File:C20LET.jpg | caption = C20LET "Red Top" engine fitted to an [[Opel Kadett#Kadett E (1984–1995)|Opel Kadett E GSi]] (Vauxhall Astra Mk2 GTE) | displacement = {{unbulleted list |{{convert|1799|cc|cuin|abbr=on}}|{{convert|1998|cc|cuin|abbr=on}}|{{convert|2198|cc|cuin|abbr=on}}|{{convert|2405|cc|cuin|abbr=on}}}} | bore = {{unbulleted list |{{convert|81.6|mm|in|abbr=on}}|{{convert|86|mm|in|abbr=on}}|{{convert|87.5|mm|in|abbr=on}}}} | stroke = {{unbulleted list |{{convert|86|mm|in|abbr=on}}|{{convert|94.6|mm|in|abbr=on}}|{{convert|100|mm|in|abbr=on}}}} | compression = | fuelsystem = [[Multi-port fuel injection]] | management = | power = | specpower = | torque = | length = | width = | height = | weight = }}

The first naturally aspirated DOHC 16-valve version of the '''2.0 L'''— {{convert|1998|cc|cuin|abbr=on}}—[[cast-iron]]-block engine was introduced in 1988 – derived from the SOHC 2.0L (20SEH) engines (appearing first in the Opel Kadett E GSi/Vauxhall Astra Mk2 GTE, and later the Opel Vectra A/Vauxhall Cavalier Mk3 GSi 2000) – coming in either non-catalysed (20XE) or catalysed (C20XE) versions. The engine is commonly nicknamed the '''Red Top''' (or just "XE") because of the appearance of the red L-shaped spark plug cover (black colours were available too; the rocker cover was available in silver only).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mantamagic.com/red%20top%20conversion%20list.htm |title=C20XE conversion list |work=Robbie's Manta Site |access-date=5 July 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071008075029/http://www.mantamagic.com/red+top+conversion+list.htm |archive-date=8 October 2007 |url-status=usurped }}</ref>

1994 saw the introduction of the ''Ecotec'' series – which again consisted of a DOHC 16-valve cylinder head (this time co-developed with Lotus) mounted atop a development of the Family II block. The 2-liter versions therefore became the [[X20XEV]], now producing {{convert|136|hp|abbr=on}} and taking on the [[General Motors|GM]] [[Ecotec]] name. In its final, 1999 iteration, it became the [[X20XER]]. unlike the original 20XE/C20XE these were intended more for mainstream application (as opposed to racing and high-performance applications) in response to tightening emissions standards, and to reflect the overall family car market moving towards multivalve technology as was being increasingly found in competing vehicles.

Again, these engines have no commonality with the later [[GM Ecotec engine]] introduced in 1999, and first used in the [[Opel Vectra|Opel Vectra B]], which are to a completely different design to the Family II.

===Coscast {{anchor|20XE|20XEJ|C20XE|C20LET|C20XEL|C20XELN|C20LN|20XE-LN}}=== This lineup features the same block as the SOHC engines with an {{convert|86|mm|in|abbr=on}} bore and stroke and a [[Cosworth]]-developed [[timing belt (camshaft)|timing belt]]-driven [[overhead camshaft#Double overhead camshaft|double overhead camshaft]] (DOHC) [[Multi-valve|16 valve]] [[cylinder head]] ([[Cosworth]] Project KB). The cylinder heads were cast and assembled by either [[Cosworth]] or, as demand increased, [[Kolbenschmidt]]. In general, the heads from this lineup are supposed to flow appreciably better than their Lotus successors.

The '''20XE''' came into production in 1987. The engine was designed by Cosworth, UK. The engine was originally intended for race application, hence [[Cosworth]]'s involvement.<ref>{{cite web | title = Interview with Dr Fritz indra | publisher = CalibraWiki.com | access-date = 13 April 2008 | url = http://www.calibrawiki.com/images/d/db/Vauxhall_Calibra_Designer_Interview.pdf }}</ref> At the time of its launch, this engine was something of a milestone unit in Europe and was widely used in motorsport in many specialist race versions.

The engine had a low optimum [[Brake specific fuel consumption|specific fuel consumption]] of 232 g/kWh which is equivalent to a maximum efficiency of 37%; a better efficiency than some of the diesel engines that were available at the time of its release. The valves are set at 46° and are accompanied by pistons with shallow valve pockets – thereby eliminating the need for a shorter [[connecting rod]] hence, allowing a suitable compression ratio to be achieved. Long spark plugs are used and positioned concentric to the cylinder. Power output was rated at 157 bhp. The later engine were suffixed ''C20XELN'' to indicate "Low Noise" revisions (smaller cylinder head port, cast pistons, and different crank bearing size) in line with EU regulations

In 1988 the ''C20XE'' was introduced, and was fitted with a catalyst and oxygen sensor in the exhaust. This was due to new emission standards, which forced manufacturers to equip their cars with a catalytic converter and a lambda or oxygen sensor – this requirement permitted the fitment of the Bosch [[Motronic]] 2.5 engine management system. Engine power output dropped to {{cvt|150|PS|kW|0}}. Vauxhall complied with the new emission controls in 1988, although the legislation wasn't law until 1991. Vehicles fitted with the C20XE engine produced before 1991 can have their catalytic converter legally removed, and the vehicle will still comply with MOT regulations.

The '''C20LET''' engine was introduced in 1992, and was fitted to the [[Opel]]/[[Vauxhall Motors|Vauxhall]] [[Vectra Turbo]]/[[Cavalier Turbo]], [[Calibra Turbo]], and the South African made [[Opel Astra 200t S]]. It is similar to the C20XE, apart from the primary addition of a [[Kühnle, Kopp & Kausch|KKK]]-16 [[turbocharger]],<ref name=CTOR/> [[forge]]d [[Mahle GmbH|Mahle]] [[piston]]s, [[Robert Bosch GmbH|Bosch]] [[Motronic]] M2.7 electronic [[engine control unit]],<ref name=CTOR/> and black plastic plenum/'top hat' shroud with a "turbo" script. It produces a [[Deutsches Institut für Normung|DIN]] rated output of {{convert|150|kW|hp|0|abbr=on}}, and generates {{convert|280|Nm|0|lk=on}} of torque.<ref name=CTOR>{{cite web | url = http://www.ctor.co.uk/the_car.php | title = Vauxhall Cavalier Turbo information | work = The Cavalier Turbo Owner's Register | access-date = 3 November 2009 | archive-date = 4 March 2016 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160304040312/http://www.ctor.co.uk/the_car.php | url-status = dead }}</ref> Boost pressure is {{convert|0.6|bar|psi|lk=on}} continuous with a {{convert|0.8|bar|psi|lk=on}} overboost.

Some versions of the engine implemented switchable [[Traction Control]] (commonly included in the early Astra GSi models). The inlet had a secondary [[throttle]] valve sandwiched underneath the primary throttle body. This is closed by a motor/arm assembly when the traction control ECU senses loss of grip/spin at the wheels. The engine was also equipped with a different [[throttle position sensor]] (six pin, as opposed to three), and a different [[Engine coolant temperature sensor|coolant temperature sensor]] (which was black, as opposed to the normal light blue colour).

The engines that appeared in the early 1990s also swapped the cast metal spark plug cover for a cheaper (and less regarded) plastic version. Those used round tooth [[cambelt]]s while the later used square (with a plastic pre-tensioner). There are also subtle differences between the crankshaft, and visible difference in the pattern of the SFi airbox.

In its last version before production ended, the ''C20XE'' came with a new engine management system which included a [[Distributorless Ignition System#Direct ignition|distributorless ignition system]], namely Bosch Motronic 2.8. The last version was called ''C20LN'' (Low Noise) and has a stronger engine block.

====Porosity issues==== In 1991, the ''Coscast'' cylinder head was replaced with the ''GM'' cylinder head which was manufactured by Kolben-Schmidt.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.sbdev.co.uk/History_files/History_BudgetHorsepower.htm | title = Benefits of Coscast head | access-date = 15 November 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.topbuzz.co.uk/info/porous_heads/porous_heads.htm | title = What engines are affected with porous heads | access-date = 15 November 2010 | archive-date = 19 December 2017 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20171219081707/http://www.topbuzz.co.uk/info/porous_heads/porous_heads.htm | url-status = dead }}</ref> One of the most prominently recognized qualities of the ''Coscast'' head is its inherent lack of porosity; this was achieved by pumping the liquid metal into the mold rather than pouring it, hence, minimizing the presence of tiny air bubbles that usually form during the standard casting process. The ''Coscast'' head can be identified by a ''Coscast'' logo which is stamped under the 3rd exhaust port and a ridge on the head under the distributor.

The ''GM'' head was a poured casting, and featured a slightly different oil/water gallery design. These design changes required that a pair of [[Core plug|Welch plugs]] be pressed in at either end of the head. In situations where a complete ''C20XE'' is still fitted to a vehicle, the presence of Welch plugs (or lack of) has proven to be the sole means of differentiating between ''GM'' and ''Coscast'' heads. A reinforced version of the ''GM'' head became available in the later years of the ''C20XE''; however, these reinforcements meant that it had smaller inlet/exhaust channels than the other two.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.vauxhall-sport-forum.com/phpBB2/coscast-vs-gm-heads-pics-t309.html | title = Detailed GM & Cosworth difference photos | work = Vauxsport | access-date = 13 April 2008 | archive-date = 30 April 2012 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120430070448/http://www.vauxhall-sport-forum.com/phpBB2/coscast-vs-gm-heads-pics-t309.html | url-status = dead }}</ref>

Since an engine's oil circulates at much higher pressures than its coolant, oil in a porous head has a tendency to gradually seep into the coolant galleries. A typical symptom of a porous head is usually a '[[mayonnaise]]'-like substance forming somewhere inside the cooling system (usually, this can be found residing on the coolant reservoir cap). However, depending on the degree of porosity, symptoms of a porous head have a tendency to vary. Many ''C20XE'' operators have described the symptom as a curry-like residue or in more severe cases, a thick brown sludge which may overcome the entire cooling system. In such instances, engine oil will readily react with the sulfur in rubber components, hence quickly degrading coolant pipes and hoses to the point of failure. During the porous head debacle, GM faced bankruptcy – therefore dealers failed to recall affected models. Due in part, to the engine's immense prominence and demand, many businesses now specialize in the repair of porous GM ''C20XE/LET'' heads – by either sleeving the affected gallery or by injecting a polymer based substance into the porous region. Reportedly, a small number of total GM ''C20XE'' cylinder heads ever exhibited significant symptoms of porosity.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.orsas.com/CarStuff/cav/index.php | title = Porous GM Head Info | work = Scoobler | access-date = 22 April 2008 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080418193427/http://orsas.com/CarStuff/cav/index.php | archive-date = 18 April 2008 | url-status = dead }}</ref>

====Motorsport==== The ''C20XE'' has seen extensive use in motorsport. Typical uses for the engine have ranged from hillclimb events, to open wheel racing categories. Despite its age, it remains the powerplant of choice for many [[Formula 3]] teams and has most recently found acclaim in the Australian F3 scene where Tim Macrow, the 2007 Australian F3 champion, drove an Opel-Spiess powered car to claim victory. Tuned by Spiess, an F3 grade ''C20XE'' is easily capable of producing {{convert|250|bhp|abbr=on}} in its naturally aspirated form. Many aftermarket tuners have further developed the ''C20XE'' for racing purposes. The C20XE was used by the Chevrolet WTCC (World Touring Car Championship) team and the Lada WTCC team. The engine was also an option in Westfield kitcars. The engine is a favourite for both N/A and turbo motoring enthusiasts for its robust design, materials and construction

{| class="wikitable" ! Engine ! Power ! Torque ! Compression Ratio ! Fuel Delivery ! Engine Management ! Applications |- ||20XE||{{convert|115|kW|PS|0|abbr=on}}||{{convert|203|Nm|lb·ft|abbr=on}}||10.5:1||Sequential multi-port fuel injection ||Bosch Motronic 2.5 (no catalytic converter) ||Opel Kadett Opel Vectra |- ||C20XE||{{convert|110|kW|PS|0|abbr=on}} at 6000 rpm||{{convert|196|Nm|lb·ft|abbr=on}} at 4600 rpm||10.5:1||[[Sequential multi-port fuel injection]]||{{unbulleted list | Bosch Motronic 2.5 | Bosch Motronic 2.8}}||{{unbulleted list | | 1989–1994 [[Opel Calibra]] | 1988–1992 [[Opel Kadett#E|Opel Kadett]]| 1988–1995 [[Opel Vectra#A|Opel Vectra]]| 1991–1996 [[Opel Astra#F|Opel Astra]]}} |- ||C20LET||{{convert|150|kW|PS|0|abbr=on}} at 5600 rpm||{{convert|280|Nm|lbft|0|abbr=on}} at 2400 rpm||9.0:1||[[Sequential multi-port fuel injection]]||Bosch Motronic 2.7 ||{{unbulleted list | [[Opel Astra 200t S]] | [[Opel Calibra]] A Turbo | [[Opel Kadett 200t S]] | [[Opel Vectra]] A Turbo }} |- |}

==={{anchor|Ecotec}} Ecotec branded models (in association with Lotus) ===

====1.8{{Anchor|C18SEL|C18XE|C18XEL|X18XEV|X18XE|T18SED}}==== The '''X18XE''' was branded as ''Ecotec''. All these engines feature an {{convert|81.6|mm|in|abbr=on}} bore and an {{convert|86.0|mm|in|abbr=on}} stroke.

====2.0{{Anchor|X20XEV|X20XER|X20SED|L34|U20SED|Z20LEH|Z20LEL|Z20LER|Z20LET}}==== The '''X20XEV''' is the first ''Family II'' engine branded as '''Ecotec''', a mass-market successor to the ''C20XE'' with a [[Lotus Cars|Lotus]]-developed [[cylinder head]]. The new cylinder head had a smaller valve angle compared to the older ''C20XE'', to give more torque in the lower revs. It is a {{convert|1998|cc|cuin|abbr=on}} naturally aspirated engine with 16 valves and belt driven double overhead camshafts ([[DOHC]]). {{convert|86|mm|in|abbr=on}} bore and stroke in cast-iron [[Overhead camshaft engine|OHC]]-derived cylinder block and aluminium cylinder head. The ''X20XEV'' was equipped with exhaust gas recirculation ([[Exhaust gas recirculation|EGR]]) to reduce nitrogen dioxide emissions and [[air injection reactor]] (AIR) to speed up the warming up of the catalytic converter and to reduce unburnt [[hydrocarbons]] and [[carbon monoxide]]. The engine is rated at {{convert|100|kW|PS bhp|0|abbr=on|lk=on}}.<ref>Vauxhall, "Vauxhall Calibra DTM Special Edition Sales Brochure", 1995.</ref> A higher output version called the '''X20XER''' produced {{convert|118|kW|hp|abbr=on}} at 6500 rpm and {{convert|188|Nm|lbft|abbr=on}} at 4300 rpm.

The '''Z20LET''' is a [[Turbocharger|turbocharged]] version of the ''X20XEV'' for the Opel Astra G and features an 8.8:1 compression, {{cvt|200|PS|kW hp|0}} and {{convert|195|lbft|N.m|abbr=on}} of torque. From 2005, the ''Z20LET'' engine was revised for the Astra H and Zafira B, to three different model designations, ''Z20LEL'', ''Z20LER'' and ''Z20LEH''. The differing designations denote the engine power output, {{cvt|170|PS|kW hp|0}}, {{cvt|200|PS|kW hp|0}} and {{cvt|240|PS|kW hp|0}}. Further revisions to the original design include under-piston oil cooling, a revised turbocharger unit and the deletion of the contra-rotating balancer shafts in the {{Convert|240|hp|kW|0|abbr=on}} ''Z20LEH'' engine (as used in the Astra VXR), to reduce mechanical losses. The Z20LEH also features high quality Mahle forged pistons, which are much stronger than the cast pistons fitted to the Z20LET, Z20LEL and Z20LER.

The 2.0-litre '''X20SED''' D-TEC 16 Valve [[DOHC]] MPFi was built by Holden and used in the [[Daewoo Nubira]].

The '''L34''' also known as the '''U20SED''' is a 2.0 L ({{convert|1998|cc|cuin|abbr=on}}) engine that was built until 2009 by Holden in Australia, dubbed D-TEC by GMDAT (the new Daewoo after the buyout from GM) or E-TEC II by Chevrolet (GM). It has an {{convert|86.0|mm|in|abbr=on}} bore and stroke. Power is rated at {{cvt|120|PS|kW hp|0}} in South America and Europe, {{cvt|126|hp|kW PS|0}} in Canada, and {{cvt|132|hp|kW PS|0}} in the United States; all are at 5400 rpm and torque is rated at {{convert|126|lbft|Nm|0|abbr=on}}. The engine has been used on the [[Daewoo Lacetti]] and its various rebadged models, such as the [[Chevrolet Optra]], Suzuki Reno, and Suzuki Forenza.

This engine was discontinued in 2010 and new generation open deck engines replaced starts with a prefix of the letter ''A'' e.g. A20NHT A20NHH A20NFT….

{| class="wikitable" ! Engine ! Power ! Torque ! Compression Ratio ! Fuel Delivery ! Engine Management ! Applications |- ||X20XEV||{{convert|100|kW|PS hp|0|abbr=on|order=flip}}||185 Nm at 4000 rpm ||10.8:1 ||||Siemens Simtec 56.1/56.5/70 ||{{unbulleted list | 1994–2002 [[Opel Astra]] | 1995–1997 [[Opel Calibra]] | 1994–2003 [[Opel Omega#B|Opel Omega]] | 1994–2002 [[Opel Vectra#B|Opel Vectra]]}} |- ||X20XER||{{cvt|160|PS|kW hp|0}}||{{cvt|188|Nm|lbft|0}} at 4300 rpm ||10.8:1 ||||Siemens Simtec 70 ||{{unbulleted list | 1999–2001 [[Opel Astra]] OPC}} |- ||Z20LET||{{cvt|200|PS|kW hp|0}}||{{cvt|197|lbft|Nm|disp=flip}}||8.8:1||[[Sequential multi-port fuel injection]]||Bosch Motronic ME1.5.5||{{unbulleted list | 2001–2004 [[Vauxhall Astra]] Coupe Turbo | 2002 [[Vauxhall Astra]] SRi Turbo | 2003–2004 [[Vauxhall Astra]] GSi | [[Vauxhall Zafira]] GSi | [[Vauxhall VX220]] Turbo | [[Opel Astra]] OPC | [[Opel Zafira]] OPC | [[Opel Speedster]] Turbo}} |- ||Z20LEL||{{cvt|170|PS|kW hp|0}}||{{cvt|193|lbft|Nm|disp=flip}}||8.8:1||[[Sequential multi-port fuel injection]]||Bosch Motronic ME7.6||{{unbulleted list | 2004–2010 [[Vauxhall Astra]] | 2004–2010 [[Vauxhall Zafira]] | 2004–2010 [[Opel Astra]] | 2004–2010 [[Opel Zafira]]}} |- ||Z20LER||{{cvt|200|PS|kW hp|0}}||{{cvt|193|lbft|Nm|disp=flip}}||8.8:1||[[Sequential multi-port fuel injection]]||Bosch Motronic ME7.6||{{unbulleted list | 2004–2010 [[Vauxhall Astra]] SRi Turbo | 2004–2010 [[Vauxhall Zafira]] SRi Turbo | 2004–2010 [[Opel Astra]] | 2004–2010 [[Opel Zafira]] | [[Lotus Europa S]]}} |- ||Z20LEH||{{cvt|240|PS|kW hp|0}}||{{cvt|236|lbft|Nm|disp=flip}}||8.8:1||[[Sequential multi-port fuel injection]]||Bosch Motronic ME7.6||{{unbulleted list | [[Vauxhall Astra]] VXR | [[Vauxhall Zafira]] VXR | [[Opel Astra]] OPC | [[Opel Zafira]] OPC}} |- ||X20SED||||||||[[Multi-port fuel injection]]||||{{unbulleted list | 1998–2005 [[Daewoo Nubira]]<ref>Autopedia online – www.autopedia.net.au</ref> 1997–2007 [[Daewoo Leganza]]}} |- ||U20SED (L34)||{{cvt|119|-|132|hp|kW|0}} at 5400 rpm||{{cvt|126|lbft|Nm|0|abbr=on}}||||||||{{unbulleted list | 1998–2000 [[Buick Century#Sixth generation (1997–2005)|Buick Century]] (China) | 1999–2008 [[Buick Regal#China|Buick Regal]] (China) | 2006–2009 [[Daewoo Tosca|Chevrolet Epica]] (China) | [[Daewoo Magnus]] | [[Suzuki Forenza]] | [[Suzuki Reno]] }} |}

====2.2 {{anchor|X22XE|X22SE|Y22XE|Z22XE}}==== The 2.2 L engine was a derivative of the GM Family II engine introduced in 1995 built by [[Holden]] in Australia that saw usage first in Australian and European versions of Isuzu-derived trucks and SUVs, and was later used in the [[Isuzu Rodeo]] and [[Daewoo Leganza]]. The ''X22XE'' was also used in the [[Opel Sintra|Opel/Vauxhall Sintra]] (1996–1999). The 2.2-liter shares many details together all listed below:

* Bore: 86.0 mm * Stroke: 94.6 mm * Volume: 2198 cc

'''X22XE''' * Power: {{cvt|100|kW|hp-metric|0}} at 5,200 rpm, {{cvt|104|kW|hp-metric|0}} at 5400 rpm (Sintra) * Torque: {{cvt|202|Nm|lbft|0}} at 2,600 rpm * Compression ratio: 10.5:1 * Engine management: Bosch Motronic M 1.5.4 * Octane requirement: 91/95/98, with knock control * Control: timing belt * Exhaust system: AGR, regulated catalytic * Properties: balance shafts

'''Y22XE''' (used on Omega, 1999–2003) * Power: {{cvt|107|kW|hp-metric|0}} at 5,400 rpm * Torque: {{cvt|205|Nm|lbft|0}} at 4,000 rpm * Compression ratio: 10.5:1 * Engine management: Siemens Simtec 71 * Octane requirement: 91/95/98, with knock control * Control: timing belt * Exhaust system: AGR, regulated catalytic * Properties: balance shafts, electronic throttle, cruise control

'''Z22XE''' (used on Omega, 1999–2003) * Specifications as Y22XE, but meets Euro IV emissions regulations.

Further applications: * [[Isuzu Faster]] * [[Isuzu MU]]/Isuzu Amigo (1995–2004) * [[Isuzu MU|Opel/Vauxhall Frontera]] (1998–2004) * [[Honda Passport]] (1998–2002) * [[Opel Omega]] * [[Opel Blazer]] (Indonesian market)

====2.4{{Anchor|X24SFD|Z24XE|Z24XED}}==== * '''X24SFD'''—2.4 L (2405 cc) SFI [[DOHC]] 16V – [[Chevrolet Astra]], [[Chevrolet Vectra]] :* 150 hp at 5200 rpm :* 228 Nm at 4000 rpm

* '''Z24XE'''—2.4 L (2405 cc) [[DOHC]] – [[Chevrolet Captiva]], [[Opel Antara]] (2006–2010), this engine was built by Holden until 2009. The 2006 Chevrolet Vectra also received a 2.4 L 16V ''FlexPower'' engine. :* {{convert|100-103|kW|hp-metric|abbr=on}} at 5200 rpm :* {{convert|220|Nm|lbft|abbr=on}} at 2200 rpm

==See also== * [[Family 1 engine]] * [[List of GM engines]]

==References== {{Reflist|30em}}

[[Category:Opel engines|Family II]] [[Category:Gasoline engines by model]] [[Category:Straight-four engines]] [[Category:1980s automobile engines]]