{{short description|Geostationary meteorological satellite}} {{redirect|Geostationary Meteorological Satellite|meteorological satellites in geostationary orbit|Weather satellite#Geostationary}} {{Multiple issues| {{Expand Japanese|ひまわり (気象衛星)|date=September 2024|topic=scitech}} {{one source|date=March 2014}} }} {{Use American English|date=April 2021}} {{Use dmy dates|date=April 2021}}
thumb|'''GMS''', the first generation of Himawari The {{Nihongo|'''Himawari'''|ひまわり||extra='sunflower'}} geostationary satellites, operated by the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA), support weather forecasting, tropical cyclone tracking, and meteorology research. Most meteorological agencies in East Asia, Southeast Asia, Australia and New Zealand use the satellites for their own weather monitoring and forecasting operations.
Originally also named '''Geostationary Meteorological Satellites''' ('''GMS'''),<ref>[http://www3.austlii.edu.au/au/other/dfat/treaties/1990/28.html "Exchange of Letters constituting an Agreement between the Government of Australia and the Government of Japan concerning Co-operation on the Project for the Geostationary Meteorological Satellite-4 System ATS 28 of 1990"]. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170416132655/http://www3.austlii.edu.au/au/other/dfat/treaties/1990/28.html |date=16 April 2017 }}. Australasian Legal Information Institute, Australian Treaties Library. Retrieved on 15 April 2017.</ref> since the launch of GMS-1 (Himawari 1) in 1977, there have been three generations, including GMS, MTSAT, and Himawari 8/9; Himawari 8/9 satellites are currently available for operational use.
==Status== {| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto;" !Name !Launch date<br/>(UTC) !Retirement !Rocket !Launch site |- |{{Ill|GMS-1|ja|ひまわり (人工衛星)|pt}} (Himawari 1) |14 Jul 1977 |30 Jun 1989 |Delta 2914 |Cape Canaveral |- |{{Ill|GMS-2|ja|ひまわり2号|pt}} (Himawari 2) |11 Aug 1981 |20 Nov 1987 |N-II (N8F) |Tanegashima |- |{{Ill|GMS-3|ja|ひまわり3号|pt}} (Himawari 3) |3 Aug 1984 |23 Jun 1995 |N-II (N13F) |Tanegashima |- |{{Ill|GMS-4|ja|ひまわり4号|pt}} (Himawari 4) |6 Sep 1989 |24 Feb 2000 |H-I (H20F) |Tanegashima |- |{{Ill|GMS-5|ja|ひまわり5号|pt}} (Himawari 5) |18 Mar 1995 |21 Jul 2005 |H-II (F3) |Tanegashima |- style="background-color:lightgrey;" |MTSAT-1 (Mirai 1) |15 Nov 1999 |Launch failure |H-II (F8) |Tanegashima |- style="background-color:lightyellow;" |GOES-9 (Pacific GOES)<ref>Usually excluded from Himawari series</ref> |23 May 1995 |14 Jun 2007 |Atlas I (AC-77) |Cape Canaveral |- |MTSAT-1R (Himawari 6) |26 Feb 2005 |4 Dec 2015 |H-IIA (F7) |Tanegashima |- |MTSAT-2 (Himawari 7) |18 Feb 2006 |10 Mar 2017 |H-IIA (F9) |Tanegashima |- |Himawari 8 |7 Oct 2014 |Stand-by |H-IIA (F25) |Tanegashima |- |Himawari 9 |2 Nov 2016 |Operational |H-IIA (F31) |Tanegashima |- |Himawari 10 |FY 2030 |2045<ref>{{cite web |title=WMO OSCAR {{!}} Details for Satellite Programme: Himawari 4th Generation |url=https://space.oscar.wmo.int/satelliteprogrammes/view/himawari_4th_generation |website=space.oscar.wmo.int |access-date=12 October 2023}}</ref> |H3 |TBD |}
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== History == In March 2023, Mitsubishi Electric announced that they had won the contract to build Himawari 10.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-03-14 |title=Mitsubishi Electric Wins New Japanese Meteorological Satellite Contract |url=https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20230223005050/en/Mitsubishi-Electric-Wins-New-Japanese-Meteorological-Satellite-Contract |access-date=2023-10-14 |website=www.businesswire.com |language=en}}</ref> Himawari 10 was originally scheduled to be launched in the fiscal year of 2028 (April 2028-March 2029),<ref>{{cite conference |last=Bessho |first=K. |url=https://www.cgms-info.org/Agendas/GetWpFile.ashx?wid=e7f585f8-ada6-4930-95a5-027d96e3d5b9&aid=f6137863-9bc0-4498-92f0-df716bff6a85 |title=Status of Himawari-8/9 and their follow-on satellite Himawari-10 |page=5 |work=JMA |conference=CGMS-51 |date=26 April 2023 |access-date=7 December 2023}}</ref> but has been delayed to the fiscal year of 2030 (April 2030-March 2031) due to development of a satellite component being slower than expected.<ref>{{cite web |title=Launch of Japan's newest weather satellite to be delayed to FY2030 |url=https://www3.nhk.or.jp/nhkworld/en/news/20250825_18/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250825132505/https://www3.nhk.or.jp/nhkworld/en/news/20250825_18/ |url-status=dead |archive-date=25 August 2025 |website=NHK World-Japan |access-date=25 August 2025}}</ref>
==See also== {{Portal|Spaceflight}} * Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA)
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==References== {{reflist}}
==External links== * [http://www.jma.go.jp/en/gms/smallc.html Satellite Imagery from the Japan Meteorological Agency] * [http://www.jma-net.go.jp/msc/en/ Meteorological Satellite Center of JMA]
{{Himawari}} {{Japanese space program}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Himawari}} * Category:Satellites of Japan
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