{{Short description|Satirical magazine published in Finland (1898–1922)}} {{Use dmy dates|date=October 2023}} {{Infobox magazine | image_file = | image_size = | image_caption = | editor = Rafael Lindqvist | editor_title = Editor-in-chief | frequency = | founder = | circulation = | category = Satirical magazine | company = | publisher = | founded = 1898 | firstdate = | finaldate = 1922 | country = Finland | based = Helsinki | language = Swedish | issn = | oclc = }} '''''Fyren''''' ({{langx|sv|The Lighthouse}}) was a satirical magazine focusing on politics which was published in Helsinki, Finland, between 1898 and 1922. It described itself as a social satire publication which supported free visual and written expressions.<ref name=elmai/>
==History and profile== ''Fyren'' was started in Helsinki in 1898.<ref name=upfi/> Rafael Lindqvist was the editor-in-chief of the magazine which targeted educated classes.<ref name=elmai/> The magazine declared that it was not interested in party politics.<ref name=anni>{{cite thesis|author=Anni Kangas |title=The Knight, the Beast and the Treasure: a semeiotic inquiry into the Finnish political imaginary on Russia, 1918-1930s|page=61,63 |url=https://trepo.tuni.fi/handle/10024/67797|location=University of Tampere|degree=PhD|year=2007|hdl=10024/67797}}</ref> However, it adopted an anti-Semitic and anti-Bolshevik political stance<ref name=upfi/><ref name=abofi/> and supported Swedish nationalism and conservatism.<ref name=anni/>
Major contributors of ''Fyren'' included the cartoonists Alex Federley, Emil Cedercreutz, Signe Hammarsten-Jansson and Antti Favén.<ref name=upfi>{{cite encyclopedia|title=Fyren|encyclopedia=Uppslagsverket Finland|url=https://www.uppslagsverket.fi/sv/sok/view-170045-fyren|language=sv}}</ref> It was subject to strict censorship by the Russian authorities until the independence of Finland in 1917.<ref name=elmai/> In addition, a cartoonist of the magazine, Eric Vasström, was imprisoned for three months due to a caricature depicting a Russian noblewoman dancing with a Finnish commoner.<ref name=elmai>{{cite journal|author=Ainur Elmgren|title=Visual Stereotypes of Tatars in the Finnish Press from the 1880s to the 1910s|journal=Studia Orientalia Electronica|volume=8|issue=2|year=2020|doi=10.23993/store.82942|pages=26–27|doi-access=free|hdl=10138/333286|hdl-access=free}}</ref><ref name=seliger>{{cite conference|author=Marja Seliger|title=Visual Rhetoric in Design Activism|publisher=Editora Edgard Blücher|publication-place=São Paulo|year=2014|doi=10.5151/despro-icdhs2014-0087|page=602|doi-access=free}}</ref> The caricature was published after the visit of the Russian royal family to Finland and was regarded as an insult to the Russian royals.<ref name=seliger/>
''Fyren'' published a special issue in 1915 to celebrate the 50th birthday of Jean Sibelius which covered cartoons featuring Sibelius.<ref>{{cite book|author=Riitta Ojanperä|editor=Hanna-Leena Paloposki|title=Sibelius and the World of Art|chapter=From a Young Genius to a Monument |publisher=Ateneum Publications|year=2014|chapter-url=https://research.fng.fi/2017/01/25/articles-from-a-young-genius-to-a-monument/|page=14 |isbn=978-952-7067-11-6|volume=70|location=Helsinki}}</ref>
''Tuulispää'', another satirical magazine, was the rival of ''Fyren'' in regard to the conflict about the use of the Finnish and Swedish languages. The former supported the Finnish language, whereas ''Fyren'' was a supporter of the use of the Swedish language.<ref name=elmai/> However, the same writers contributed to both titles.<ref name=elmai/>
''Fyren'' and ''Tuulispää'' sold only 3,000–4,000, but another satirical magazine of the period, ''Kurikka'', managed to sell 20,000 copies.<ref name=anni/>
''Fyren'' ceased publication in 1922 and was replaced by another satirical magazine entitled ''Blinkfyren'' which was also edited by Rafael Lindqvist.<ref name=abofi>{{cite web|title=Visuell propaganda i Finland 1900-1945|website=abo.fi|author=Fred Andersson|date=6 April 2014 |url=https://blogs.abo.fi/visuellastudier/2014/04/06/visuell-propaganda-i-finland-1900-1945/|language=sv|access-date=7 October 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Peter Mickwitz: Blinkfyren och den finlandssvenska fascismen|work=Förlaget|date=1 September 2022|author=Peter Mickwitz| url=https://forlaget.com/frlgt-artikel/peter-mickwitz-den-finlandssvenska-fascismen-blinkfyren/|language=sv|access-date=7 October 2023}}</ref>
==Gallery== {{gallery |width=160 | height=170 |align=center |File:Carl Alexander Armfelt by Zeipel.jpg |Caricature of Carl Alexander Armfelt by Uno Zeipel dated 1905 | |A cartoon from ''Fyren'' dated 1917 alludes to the Swedish People's Party's poster "The man with the flag" |File:Nationalförfalskningen.jpg |A cartoon by Alex Federley dated 1906 |File:På de rödas vågskål.jpg |A cartoon from ''Fyren'' dated 1906 featuring expelled politicians of the Social Democratic Party of Finland }}
==References== {{Reflist}}
==External links== *{{Commons-inline}} {{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Fyren}} Category:1898 establishments in Finland Category:1922 disestablishments in Finland Category:Defunct political magazines published in Finland Category:Swedish-language magazines published in Finland Category:Finnish political satire Category:Swedish political satire Category:Magazines established in 1898 Category:Magazines disestablished in 1922 Category:Defunct magazines published in Helsinki Category:Satirical magazines published in Finland Category:Censorship in Finland Category:Antisemitism in Finland Category:Antisemitic publications Category:Conservatism in Finland Category:Swedish nationalism Category:Defunct conservative magazines Category:Defunct Swedish-language magazines