{{Short description|14th-century prince}} '''Fyodor''' ({{langx|lt|Teodoras}}; {{fl|14th century}}) was the [[prince of Kiev]] until 1362.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Rowell |first1=S. C. |title=Lithuania Ascending |date=6 March 2014 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-1-107-65876-9 |page=108 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=X1cHAwAAQBAJ |language=en}}</ref> Most likely he was the son of [[Butvydas]], and a younger brother of [[Gediminas]], the [[grand duke of Lithuania]], his [[Paganism|pagan]] name is unknown and he was [[Baptism|baptized]] as [[Orthodoxy|Orthodox]] Fyodor.<ref name="Vle">{{cite web |last1=Gudavičius |first1=Edvardas |title=Teodoras |url=https://www.vle.lt/straipsnis/teodoras/ |website=[[Visuotinė lietuvių enciklopedija]] |access-date=13 August 2023 |language=lt}}</ref> Only a couple of short notes survive regarding Fyodor's life.
In the early 1320s,<ref>Historians disagree on exact dating: Maciej Stryjkowski provided 1320/21, Aleksandr I. Rogov argues for 1322, C. S. Rowell for 1323, Feliks Shabul'do for 1324, Romas Batūra for 1325.</ref> Gediminas won the [[Battle on the Irpen' River]] against [[Stanislav of Kiev]] and captured the city.<ref>{{cite book | title=Lithuania Ascending: A Pagan Empire Within East-Central Europe, 1295-1345 | first=C. S. | last=Rowell | page=97 | year=1994 | publisher=Cambridge University Press | series=Cambridge Studies in Medieval Life and Thought: Fourth Series| isbn=978-0-521-45011-9 }}</ref> The Tatars, who also claimed Kiev, retaliated during the years 1324–1325. The [[Lithuanian Chronicles]] mention that Gediminas installed his deputy Algimantas, son of Mindaugas from [[Olshanski]] family. There were some attempts to claim that Algimantas was Fyodor's pagan name, but they are discharged by evidence that Algimantas was baptized as Mikhail.<ref>Rowell, C. S. ''Lithuania Ascending'', p. 104.</ref>
In 1331, [[Vasily Kalika]], the newly consecrated [[archbishop of Novgorod]], was traveling from [[Volodymyr (city)|Vladimir-Volynsky]] to [[Veliky Novgorod|Novgorod]].<ref>Rowell, C. S. ''Lithuania Ascending'', p. 176–177.</ref> On his way he was stopped by Fyodor, the prince of Kiev, a [[Golden Horde|Tatar]] tax collector (''[[basqaq]]''), and 50 men.<ref name=r100>Rowell, C. S. ''Lithuania Ascending'', p. 100.</ref> The presence of a Tatar official led historians to believe that while Kiev was ruled by a Lithuanian, it had to pay a tribute to the [[Golden Horde]].<ref>{{cite encyclopedia | editor=Simas Sužiedėlis | encyclopedia=[[Encyclopedia Lituanica]] | title=Theodore | year=1970–1978 | publisher=Juozas Kapočius | volume=V | location=Boston, Massachusetts | pages=446–447| lccn=74-114275 }}</ref> Later, a separate Orthodox [[Metropolis (religious jurisdiction)|metropolis]] of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania was established (Metropolitan Teofilis, who died in 1330) and aid was provided to the [[Principality of Tver]], which was fighting against the [[Grand Duchy of Moscow]].<ref name="Vle"/> Lithuanians gained full control of Kiev after the victorious [[Battle of Blue Waters]] in 1362.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia | first=Edvardas | last=Gudavičius | editor=Vytautas Spečiūnas | encyclopedia=Lietuvos valdovai (XIII-XVIII a.): enciklopedinis žinynas | title=Teodoras | year=2004 | publisher=Mokslo ir enciklopedijų leidybos institutas | location=Vilnius | isbn=5-420-01535-8 | pages=31|language=lt}}</ref> According to the ''[[Hustyn Chronicle]]'', after the battle, Fyodor was replaced as the prince of Kiev by [[Vladimir Olgerdovich|Vladimir]], son of [[Algirdas]].<ref name=r100/>
For a long time scholars assumed that Fyodor was of [[Rurikid]] origin (descendant of [[Oleg I of Chernigov]]) because of his Christian name. However, in 1916, Russian historian [[Mikhail Priselkov]] published a list of property belonging to [[Theognostus]], the [[List of metropolitans and patriarchs of Moscow|metropolitan of Moscow]].<ref>{{in lang|lt}} {{cite encyclopedia | encyclopedia=Lietuvių enciklopedija | title=Teodoras | location=Boston, Massachusetts | publisher=Lietuvių enciklopedijos leidykla |year=1953–1966 |volume=31 |pages=49 | lccn=55020366 }}</ref> The list, compiled in 1331, listed two silver cups given to Theognostus by Fyodor, brother of Gediminas.<ref name=r100/> Modern historians agree that Fyodor from the list and Fyodor from Kiev was one and the same person. No other evidence survives regarding Fyodor's family.
==See also== * [[Family of Gediminas]]
==References== {{reflist|2}}
==External links== * Leontiy Voitovych. ''[http://litopys.org.ua/dynasty/dyn29.htm Princely dynasties of the Eastern Europe (end of 9th - start of 16th centuries)]''. Lviv 2000. {{DEFAULTSORT:Fyodor of Kiev}}
[[Category:Gediminids]] [[Category:14th-century Lithuanian nobility]] [[Category:14th-century Russian princes]]