{{Short description|German painter (1789–1862)}} {{Infobox artist | name = Friedrich Wilhelm Schadow | image = Carl Christian Vogel von Vogelstein - Wilhelm von Schadow.jpg | image_size = 250px | caption = Friedrich Wilhelm Schadow by [[Carl Christian Vogel von Vogelstein]] (1821) | birth_name = | birth_date = 7 September 1789 | birth_place = [[Berlin]], [[Kingdom of Prussia]] | death_date = {{death date and age|df=y|1862|3|19|1789|9|7}} | death_place = [[Düsseldorf]], Kingdom of Prussia, [[German Confederation]] | field = painting | training = | movement = | works = | patrons = | awards = }} [[File:Wilhelm Schadow.jpg|thumb|Illustration from ''Hundert Jahre in Wort und Bild'']] '''Friedrich Wilhelm von Schadow''' (7 September 1789 – 19 March 1862) was a [[German Romanticism|German Romantic painter]].
==Biography== He was born in [[Berlin]], the second son of the sculptor [[Johann Gottfried Schadow]],<ref>{{CathEncy |first=Gerhard |last=Gietmann |wstitle=Friedrich Wilhelm Schadow |volume=13}}</ref> who gave him his first lessons in drawing. He then turned to painting, and was instructed by [[Friedrich Georg Weitsch|Weitsch]].<ref name=ea>{{Cite Americana|wstitle=Schadow-Godenhaus, Friedrich Wilhelm}}</ref>
In 1806-7 Schadow served as a [[soldier]]. In 1810 he traveled with his elder brother [[Rudolph Schadow|Rudolph]] to Rome where he became one of the leading painters of the [[Nazarene movement]]. Following the example of [[Johann Friedrich Overbeck]] and others, Schadow, originally a Lutheran, joined the [[Roman Catholic Church]], and held that an artist must believe and live out the truths he essays to paint. The sequel showed that Schadow was qualified to shine more as a teacher and mentor than as a painter.{{sfn|Atkinson|1911}} As an author, he is best known for his lecture, ''Ueber den Einfluss des Christentums auf die bildende Kunst'' (About The Influence of Christianity On The Visual Arts) (Düsseldorf, 1843), and the biographical sketches, ''Der moderne Vasari'' (Berlin, 1854). [[File:Schadow, Friedrich Wilhelm von - Mignon - 1828.jpg|thumb|left|200px|''Mignon'' (1828)]] In Rome, Schadow was given one of his first major commissions when the Prussian Consul-General, General [[Jakob Salomon Bartholdy]], befriended the young painter, and asked him and three young compatriots ([[Peter von Cornelius]], Johann Friedrich Overbeck and [[Philipp Veit]]) to decorate in fresco a room in his house on the [[Pincian Hill]]. The overall theme selected was the story of Joseph and his brethren, and two scenes, the ''Bloody Coat'' and ''Joseph in Prison'', were conferred on Schadow. In 1819, Schadow was appointed professor in the prestigious [[Akademie der Künste|Berlin Academy of the Arts]], and his ability and thorough training gained many devoted disciples.{{sfn|Atkinson|1911}}
It was during this period that Schadow developed his paintings for churches. In 1826 he was made director of the [[Kunstakademie Düsseldorf]] which he reoriented towards the production of Christian art, though he began a major dispute with one of its professors, [[Heinrich Christoph Kolbe]], ending in the latter leaving the Academy in 1832.{{Citation needed|date=November 2022}} In 1837, Schadow selected, at request, those of his students best qualified to decorate the chapel of St Apollinaris on the [[Rhine]] with frescoes. When finished, they were acclaimed as the fullest and purest manifestation of the spiritual side of the [[Düsseldorf school]]. One of his famous students, [[Heinrich Mucke]], carried on the liturgical art with emphasis both in painting and [[fresco]]es. The painting of the ''Wise and Foolish Virgins'', considered one of his masterworks, was commissioned in 1842. Now in the [[Städel Museum]], this large and important picture, while carefully considered and rendered, lacks the power of some of his other works.{{sfn|Atkinson|1911}} [[File:Schadow Wieńczysław and Konstanty Potocki.JPG|thumb|''Wieńczysław and Konstanty [[House of Potocki|Potocki]] in Childhood'' (1820)]] Schadow's fame rests less on his own artistic creations than on the school he formed. In [[Düsseldorf]] a reaction set in against the spiritual and sacerdotal style he had established and, in 1859, the party of naturalism, after a severe struggle, drove Director Schadow from his chair. He died at [[Düsseldorf]] in 1862, and a monument was erected in the square which bears his name at a jubilee held to commemorate his directorate.{{sfn|Atkinson|1911}}
The [[Düsseldorf School]] that Schadow directed became internationally renowned, attracting such American painters as [[George Caleb Bingham]], [[Eastman Johnson]], [[Worthington Whittredge]], [[Richard Caton Woodville]], [[William Stanley Haseltine]], [[James McDougal Hart|James M. Hart]], and [[William Morris Hunt]] and producing the German emigre [[Emmanuel Leutze]].
==Notes== {{more footnotes|date=May 2013}} {{reflist}}
==References== * {{EB1911|wstitle=Schadow|display=Schadow v.s. Friedrich Wilhelm Schadow|volume=24|page=310|first=Joseph Beavington|last=Atkinson}}
==Further reading== * Hübner, ''Schadow und seine Schule'' (Bonn, 1869)
==External links== {{commons category|Friedrich Wilhelm von Schadow}} *[http://libmma.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/compoundobject/collection/p15324coll10/id/71300 ''German masters of the nineteenth century: paintings and drawings from the Federal Republic of Germany''], a full text exhibition catalog from The Metropolitan Museum of Art, which contains material on Friedrich Wilhelm Schadow (no. 74-75)
{{Düsseldorf school of painting}} {{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Schadow, Friedrich Wilhelm}} [[Category:1789 births]] [[Category:1862 deaths]] [[Category:Artists from Berlin]] [[Category:Converts to Roman Catholicism from Lutheranism]] [[Category:German Roman Catholics]] [[Category:People from the Margraviate of Brandenburg]] [[Category:German romantic painters]] [[Category:Nazarene painters]] [[Category:Academic staff of Kunstakademie Düsseldorf]] [[Category:Recipients of the Pour le Mérite (civil class)]] [[Category:Düsseldorf school of painting]]