Freycinetia

{{Short description|Genus of flowering plants}} {{Automatic taxobox |image = FreycinetiaArborea.jpg |image_caption = ''Freycinetia arborea'' |taxon = Freycinetia |authority = Gaudich.{{R|POWO}} |synonyms_ref = {{R|POWO}} |synonyms = *''Victoriperrea'' Hombr. & Jacquinot ex Decne. *''Jezabel'' Banks ex Salisb. |subdivision_ranks = Species |subdivision = See List of ''Freycinetia'' species }}

'''''Freycinetia''''' is one of the five extant genera in the flowering plant family Pandanaceae. {{As of|2024|11}}, the genus comprises approximately 300 species. The type species is ''Freycinetia arborea''.{{R|POWO|FOA|FOC}}

==Description== Species of ''Freycinetia'' are woody lianas which climb by means of adventitious roots. The stem of the largest of them may reach up to {{cvt|7|cm}} diameter, but most are much smaller. Leaves are simple, long linear to ovate, {{botanygloss|sessile}}; they are arranged in three spirals and venation is parallel. Leaf margins are often toothed or with small spines; the underside of the midrib may also be toothed. Inflorescences are terminal on normal leafy shoots or specialised lateral shoots, and are branched (rarely unbranched) spadices. All species are dioecious, meaning that male and female flowers are borne on separate plants. The fruit is a berry, usually grouped into cylindrical or globose 'heads', often red in colour.{{R|FOA|STONE2|FOC}}

==Distribution== The species are distributed through the tropics and subtropics of Southeast Asia and Oceania. They are found in Sri Lanka, the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Bangladesh, Myanmar, Cambodia, Vietnam, Taiwan, the Ryukyu Islands, Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia, the Philippines, the Marianas, the Caroline Islands, New Guinea, the Bismarck Archipelago, the Solomon Islands, Vanuatu, New Caledonia, Samoa, the Cook Islands, Fiji, Tonga, Hawaii, the Society Islands, the Australian states of the Northern Territory, Queensland and New South Wales, Norfolk Island, and New Zealand, as well as other smaller island groups throughout the Pacific.{{R|POWO}}

They have been found growing in tropical forests, coastal forests, humid mountain forests and associated biomes, from sea level to mountains cloud forests.{{Citation needed|date=November 2024}}

==Taxonomy== The genus was created by French botanist Charles Gaudichaud-Beaupré in 1824 to accommodate plants he collected during an exploratory voyage of the Pacific between 1817 and 1820. He named it for Admiral Louis de Freycinet, the commander of the ship he sailed on.{{R|Ieie}}{{R|STONE|p=199}} Initially, Gaudichaud included three species, namely ''F. aborea'', ''F. radicans'', and ''F. scandens''.{{R|STONE}}

==Species with articles== ''For a complete list of species, see'' List of ''Freycinetia'' species {{div col|colwidth=30em}}  *''Freycinetia arborea'' Gaudich. – Pacific Islands *''Freycinetia banksii'' A.Cunn. – New Zealand *''Freycinetia excelsa'' F.Muell. – Australia, New Guinea<ref name="RFK8a"/> *''Freycinetia marginata'' Blume – Australia, New Guinea<ref name="RFK8b"/> *''Freycinetia multiflora'' Merr. – Philippines *''Freycinetia scandens'' Gaudich. – Australia, New Guinea, Malesia<ref name="RFK8d"/> *''Freycinetia sumatrana'' Merr. – Indo-China, Malesia {{div col end}}

==Gallery== {{gallery |mode=packed |File:Freycinetia banksii kz1.jpg|''Freycinetia banksii'' |File:Freycinetia arborea.jpg|''Frecinetia aborea'' |File:Lyon Arboretum (8330368949).jpg|''Frecinetia aborea'' fruit |File:Freycinetia-excelsa-SF23215-01.jpg|''Freycinetia excelsa'' |File:Freycinetia cumingiana 1 Palmengarten Frankfurt (Main).jpg|''Freycinetia cumingiana'' |File:Freycinetia elegantula leaf 1.jpg|''Freycinetia elegantula'' |File:Freycinetia-marginata-SF24240-01.jpg|''Freycinetia marginata'' |File:Freycinetia-marginata-SF24258-01.jpg|''Freycinetia marginata'' with spadices |File:Freycinetia luzonensis kz03.jpg|''Freycinetia luzonensis'' }}

== References == {{Reflist|26em|refs= <ref name="STONE">{{cite journal |last1=Stone |first1=B.C. |title=Materials for a Monograph of ''Freycinetia'' (Pandanaceae) III. ''Freycinetia corneri'', a New Species from Malaya |journal=Brittonia |date=1968 |volume=20 |issue=3 |pages=198–202 |doi=10.2307/2805441 |jstor=2805441|bibcode=1968Britt..20..198S }}</ref>

<ref name="POWO">{{cite web |url=https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:31588-1 |title=''Freycinetia'' Gaudich. |website=Plants of the World Online |publisher=Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew |year=2024 |access-date=12 November 2024}}</ref>

<ref name="FOA">{{cite web |url=https://profiles.ala.org.au/opus/foa/profile/Freycinetia |title=''Freycinetia'' |last1=Wilson |first1=A.J.G. |last2=Kodela |first2=P.G. |year=2022 |editor-last1=Kodela |editor-first1=P.G. |website=Flora of Australia |publisher=Australian Biological Resources Study, Department of Climate Change, Energy, the Environment and Water: Canberra |access-date=12 November 2024}}</ref>

<ref name="FOC">{{cite web |title=''Freycinetia'' |url=http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=113016 |website=Flora of China (eFloras) |publisher=Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO & Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, MA. |access-date=12 November 2024}}</ref>

<ref name="Ieie">{{cite web |website=National Tropical Botanic Gardens |url=http://ntbg.org/plants/plant_details.php?plantid=5350 |title=''Freycinetia arborea'' - Meet the Plants |publisher=National Tropical Botanical Garden |access-date=2009-03-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110724111953/http://ntbg.org/plants/plant_details.php?plantid=5350 |archive-date=24 July 2011 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

<ref name="RFK8a">{{cite web |author=F.A. Zich |author2=B.Hyland |author3=T. Whiffen |author4=R.A. Kerrigan |access-date=27 May 2021 |url=https://apps.lucidcentral.org/rainforest/text/entities/Freycinetia_excelsa.htm |title=Freycinetia excelsa |website=Australian Tropical Rainforest Plants (RFK8) |publisher=Centre for Plant Biodiversity Research, Australian Government}}</ref>

<ref name="RFK8b">{{cite web |author=F.A. Zich |author2=B.Hyland |author3=T. Whiffen |author4=R.A. Kerrigan |access-date=27 May 2021 |url=https://apps.lucidcentral.org/rainforest/text/entities/Freycinetia_marginata.htm |title=Freycinetia marginata |website=Australian Tropical Rainforest Plants (RFK8) |publisher=Centre for Plant Biodiversity Research, Australian Government}}</ref>

<ref name="RFK8d">{{cite web |author=F.A. Zich |author2=B.Hyland |author3=T. Whiffen |author4=R.A. Kerrigan |access-date=27 May 2021 |url=https://apps.lucidcentral.org/rainforest/text/entities/Freycinetia_scandens.htm |title=Freycinetia scandens |website=Australian Tropical Rainforest Plants (RFK8) |publisher=Centre for Plant Biodiversity Research, Australian Government}}</ref>

<ref name="STONE2">{{cite journal |last1=Stone |first1=B.C. |title=A Guide to Collecting Pandanaceae (''Pandanus'', ''Freycinetia'', and ''Sararanga'') |journal=Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden |date=1983 |volume=70 |issue=1 |pages=137–145 |doi=10.2307/2399011 |jstor=2399011|url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/part/31078 }}</ref> }}

Category:Freycinetia Category:Pandanales genera

Freycinetia

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