{{Short description|American pastor and politician (1872–1954)}} {{Infobox officeholder |name = Fraser Metzger |image = Fraser Metzger (Vermont clergyman and politician).jpg |caption = Metzger in 1914 |office = Member of the Vermont House of Representatives |term_start = 1917 |term_end = 1919 |predecessor = Alfred C. Wells |successor = Charles J. Stockwell |constituency = Randolph |birth_date = {{birth date|1872|10|25}} |birth_place = Gloversville, New York, US |death_date = {{death date and age|1954|5|29|1872|10|25}} |death_place = South Windsor, Connecticut, US |resting_place = Center Cemetery, South Windsor, Connecticut, US |spouse = {{marriage|Jessie Amy Lacy|1902|1954}} |children = 3 |education = Defiance College<br/>Union College |occupation = Pastor, politician, academic dean |branch = United States Army |branch_label = Service |service_years = 1918 |rank = Private |unit = Officer Candidate School, Camp Zachary Taylor |battles = World War I |battles_label = Wars }} '''Fraser Metzger''' (October 25, 1872 – May 29, 1954) was a pastor, politician, and academic who lived primarily in Vermont and New Jersey. He is known for his Progressive Party candidacy for governor of Vermont in 1912.
A native of Gloversville, New York, Metzger was raised and educated in St. Johnsville. He received his bachelor's degree in divinity from Christian Bible Institute (now Defiance College) in 1895 and was ordained as a minister in the Christian Connection church. He pastored churches in Maine, New York, and Vermont, and graduated from Union College in 1902. He was then assigned as full-time pastor of the Christian Connection church in Randolph, Vermont, where he served for the next 20 years.
Metzger was active in politics as a Republican; he supported Theodore Roosevelt for president in 1912. When Roosevelt lost the party nomination to incumbent William Howard Taft and ran as the candidate of the Bull Moose Party (Progressive Party), Metzger accepted the Bull Moose nomination for governor. Beginning in the 1850s, Republicans won every statewide election in Vermont for more than 100 years. In the 1912 contest for governor, Metzger's strong third place showing prevented the two major candidates, Republican Allen M. Fletcher and Democrat Harland Bradley Howe from gaining a majority; the Vermont legislature was required to choose, and Fletcher won the contest in the Vermont General Assembly.
In 1916, Metzger was elected to the Vermont House of Representatives as a Republican, and he represented Randolph for one term. During World War I, Metzger served as Vermont's federal food administrator in 1917 and joined the United States Army in 1918. He was discharged at the end of the war and returned to his church in Randolph.
In 1923, Metzger left Vermont to become chaplain at Pennsylvania State College. In 1925, he moved to Rutgers University to serve as dean of men and chaplain. He remained at Rutgers as dean until 1944 and chaplain until 1945. After retiring from the university, Metzger was appointed pastor of the First Congregational Church in South Windsor, Connecticut. He died in South Windsor on May 29, 1954 and was buried at South Windsor's Center Cemetery.
==Early life and education== Fraser Metzger was born in Gloversville, New York on October 25, 1872, a son of Albert Henry Metzger and Catherine (Lenz) Metzger.<ref name="lenz">{{cite book |last1=Patten |first1=Ella Elizabeth Lenz |title=The Lenz Family: History of the American Branch, Established At Stone Arabia, N.Y., in 1854 |date=1937 |publisher=Enterprise and News |page=120-124 |url=https://archive.org/details/lenzfamilyhistor00patt/page/120/mode/2up |access-date=14 March 2026}}</ref> He was raised and educated in St. Johnsville, New York, and decided on a career in the ministry.<ref name="lenz"/> His family was not pleased that he chose scholarship instead of taking over the family hardware business, so they did not help with his education, which he largely funded himself.<ref name="lenz"/>
Metzger attended the Christian Connection's Christian Bible Institute in Stanfordville, New York (now Defiance College), from which he earned a Bachelor of Divinity degree in 1895.<ref name="lenz"/><ref name="Educated1939">{{cite news |date=April 24, 1939 |title=Educated for Ministry; Dean Metzger's Interests Are Many |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/asbury-park-press-educated/193433805/ |work=Asbury Park Evening News |location=Asbury Park, New Jersey |page=11 |via=Newspapers.com}}</ref> He was ordained as a Christian Connection minister and preached in Freehold and nearby communities.<ref name="rut">{{cite web |title=Collection: Rutgers College Office of Dean of Men Records |website=Archives and Special Collections at Rutgers |date=1925-11-01 |url=https://archives.libraries.rutgers.edu/repositories/3/resources/552 |access-date=2026-03-14}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Rumph |first=Tara |title=Town of Cairo Marriages, 1882 - 1907 |url=https://www.tracingyourrootsgcny.com/town_of_cairo_vital_records_marriages.htm |website=tracingyourrootsgcny.com |location=Cairo, New York |publisher=Sylvia Hasenkopf |access-date=March 19, 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine |editor-last=Stoddard |editor-first=B. M. |date=1898 |title=New York State Christian Association: New York Eastern; Ministers, Addresses, Pastorates |url=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a6/The_Christian_annual_for_the_year_of_our_lord_.._%28IA_christianannualf98dayt%29.pdf |magazine=The Christians' Annual |volume=2 |location=Dayton, Ohio |publisher=Christian Publishing Association |page=94 |via=Wikimedia Commons}}</ref> In 1898, Metzger became pastor of the North Church in Eastport, Maine.<ref>{{cite news |date=June 29, 1898 |title=Church and Pastor: Rev. Fraser Metzger |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/kennebec-journal-pastor/193457728/ |work=Kennebec Journal |location=Augusta, Maine |page=9 |via=Newspapers.com}}</ref> In 1900, he became pastor of Albany, New York's First Christian Church.<ref>{{cite news |date=April 14, 1900 |title=Easter Sunday In The Churches: First Christian |url=https://www.genealogybank.com/newspaper-clippings/metzger/olzkjrpundwaukxelrbcnikdsscqbtxf_ip-10-166-46-78_1773617732971 |work=The Times Union |location=Albany, New York |page=10 |via=GenealogyBank.com}}</ref>
==Early career== Metzger was elected Phi Beta Kappa in 1902 when he graduated from Union College with a Bachelor of Arts degree.<ref name="UVM">{{cite web |title=Rev. Fraser Metzger: Progressive Party of Vermont Collection |website=Special Collections, University of Vermont Libraries |url=https://scfindingaids.uvm.edu/repositories/2/resources/1260 |access-date=2026-03-14}}</ref> He married Jessie Lacy on June 12, 1902 and they had three children, Albert, Roscoe, and Karl.<ref>{{cite news |date=November 11, 1954 |title=Death Notice, Mrs. Fraser Metzger |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-herald-obituary-for-jessie-lacy-metz/193438528/ |work=The Randolph Herald |location=Randolph, Vermont |page=4 |via=Newspapers.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=November 8, 1954 |title=Obituary, Mrs. Fraser Metzger |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-central-new-jersey-home-news-metzger/193438057/ |work=The Daily Home News |location=New Brunswick, New Jersey |page=4 |via=Newspapers.com}}</ref>
After part time preaching in Vermont while attending Union College, his full time career began in 1902 when he became pastor of the Christian Church of Randolph, Vermont.<ref name="Educated1939"/><ref>{{cite news |date=July 25, 1901 |title=Randolph: Fraser Metzger |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-chelsea-herald-randolph/193458341/ |work=Chelsea Herald |location=Chelsea, Vermont |page=9 |via=Newspapers.com}}</ref> Metzger oversaw the merging of the Christian and Congregational Churches into Bethany Church in 1905, part of the larger effort to combine the two denominations into the Congregational Christian Churches.<ref name="Educated1939"/><ref>{{cite web |title=Congregational Christian Churches (1931–1957) – Religious Group |url=https://www.thearda.com/us-religion/group-profiles/groups?D=238 |website=US Religion |location=Indianapolis, Indiana |publisher=Association of Religion Data Archives |access-date=March 17, 2026}}</ref> Metzger was reform oriented and worked for improved working conditions for women and children, farm modernization, and educational improvement through the Interchurch Federation of Vermont.<ref>{{cite news |date=September 24, 1914 |title=Candidate for Congress: Rev. Fraser Metzger the Progressive Party Nominee in the Second District |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/herald-and-news-candidate/193434467/ |work=Herald and News |location=Randolph, Vermont |page=1 |via=Newspapers.com}}</ref> In 1921 he received the honorary degree of Doctor of Divinity from Middlebury College.<ref name="Educated1939"/> In 1935, Union College awarded him an honorary L.H.D.<ref name="Educated1939"/>
Metzger attended the Republican Second Congressional District Nominating Convention in April 1912 as a supporter of Theodore Roosevelt for president.<ref>{{cite news |date=April 10, 1912 |title=Gibson and Thompson |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-barre-daily-times-gibson/193433171/ |work=The Barre Daily Times |location=Barre, Vermont |page=2 |via=Newspapers.com}}</ref> After the split between supporters of Roosevelt and incumbent William Howard Taft led to creation of the Progressive Party, Metzger accepted the new party's nomination for Governor.<ref name="VT2">{{cite web |title=VT Elections Database » Candidate Profile... |website=VT Elections Database |url=https://electionarchive.vermont.gov/candidates/view/Frazer-Metzger/ |access-date=2026-03-14}}</ref> In the general election, he faced the two major party candidates, Republican Allen M. Fletcher and Democrat Harland B. Howe.<ref name="VT2"/> He lost but received 24.1% of the vote; since none of the candidates received a majority, the election went to the legislature, which chose Fletcher.<ref>{{cite news |date=October 10, 1912 |title=Vermont's Official Vote |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/herald-and-news-official/193432496/ |work=Herald and News |location=Randolph, Vermont |page=3 |via=Newspapers.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=October 3, 1912 |title=Fletcher Elected By Majority Of 55 |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/burlington-weekly-free-press-fletcher/193431976/ |work=The Burlington Free Press |location=Burlington, Vermont |page=1 |via=Newspapers.com}}</ref>{{efn|The 1912 election was just the second since 1853 that was decided by the Vermont General Assembly. For more than 100 years from the founding of the party in the mid-1850s, Republicans won every statewide election in Vermont, almost always by substantial majorities.}}
==Later career== Metzger ran for the United States House of Representatives as a Progressive in 1914 and lost to Porter Dale.<ref name="VT1">{{cite web | title=VT Elections Database » 1914 U.S. House General Election 2nd District | website=VT Elections Database | date=1914-10-08 | url=https://electionarchive.vermont.gov/elections/view/138095/ | access-date=2026-03-14}}</ref> In 1916, Metzger was elected to the Vermont House of Representatives as a Republican, and he served one term, January 1917 to January 1919.<ref>{{cite news |date=November 8, 1916 |title=Representatives Elected: Orange County; Randolph |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-barre-daily-times-orange/193431758/ |work=The Barre Daily Times |location=Barre, Vermont |page=2 |via=Newspapers.com}}</ref> He held the position of state food administrator for Vermont in 1917, at the start of World War I.<ref name="rut" /> After the war started, he was assessed by the Bureau of Investigation as a possible German spy, likely because of his progressive political activism and German/Jewish surname.<ref name="d369">{{cite web |last=Heintz |first=Ben |title=The Trials of Honest Horace: Vermont's forgotten governor |website=VTDigger |date=2018-11-21 |url=https://vtdigger.org/2018/11/21/trials-honest-horace-vermonts-forgotten-governor/ |access-date=2026-03-15}}</ref> According to contemporary accounts, Vermont's chief executive visited the bureau and asked to review its investigative file on Metzger; after reading through the material, he wrote on the last page "This is a damned lie," and signed it "Horace F. Graham, Governor of Vermont."<ref name="d369"/><ref>{{cite book |editor-last1=Cushing |editor-first1=John T. |editor-last2=Stone |editor-first2=Arthur F. |date=1928 |title=Vermont In The World War |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/Vermont_in_the_World_War_1917_1919/33QZAAAAIAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=&pg=PA735 |location=Burlington, Vermont |publisher=Free Press Printing Company |pages=735–736 |via=Google Books}}</ref>
Despite being over 40 years old and eligible for a draft deferment, Metzger joined the United States Army during the war; in October 1918, his application for training as a Field Artillery officer was accepted and he was assigned to the Officer Candidate School at Camp Zachary Taylor, Kentucky.<ref>{{cite news |date=October 11, 1918 |title=Randolph: Rev. Fraser Metzger |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-barre-daily-times-metzger/193468840/ |work=The Barre Daily Times |location=Barre, Vermont |page=6 |via=Newspapers.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=October 24, 1918 |title=Rev. Fraser Metzger has received notice from Camp Zachary Taylor |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/herald-and-news-metzger/193435769/ |work=Herald and News |location=Randolph, Vermont |page=1 |via=Newspapers.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |author=Field Artillery Central Officers Training School Association |date=1919 |title=F.A.C.O.T.S.: The Story of the Field Artillery Central Officers Training School, Camp Zachary Taylor, Kentucky |url=https://archive.org/details/facotsstoryoffie00raymrich/page/300/mode/2up |location=New York, New York |publisher=The Knickerbocker Press |page=301 |via=Internet Archive}}</ref> The Armistice of November 11, 1918 ended the war before his training and assignment to the 5th Observation Battery were complete, and Metzger was discharged in December.<ref>{{cite news |date=November 14, 1918 |title=Randolph's Honor Roll |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-herald-honor/193436264/ |work=Herald and News |location=Randolph, Vermont |page=7 |via=Newspapers.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=December 12, 1918 |title=Rev. Fraser Metzger reached home last Thursday |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/herald-and-news-metzger/193435941/ |work=Herald and News |location=Randolph, Vermont |page=1 |via=Newspapers.com}}</ref>
He left Bethany Church in 1923 to become chaplain at Pennsylvania State College and left there after two years, following President John M. Thomas to Rutgers University, where Metzger became dean of men and acting chaplain.<ref>{{cite book |date=1926 |title=The Report of the President and Other Officers of Rutgers University |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/Report_of_the_President/zrvOAAAAMAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=&pg=PA10 |location=New Brunswick, New Jersey |publisher=Rutgers University |page=10 |via=Google Books}}</ref> He was the first full-time dean in the history of Rutgers and instituted the first comprehensive student-life program in Rutgers history.<ref name="rut2">{{cite book |last1=Moffatt |first1=Michael |title=The Rutgers Picture Book |date=1985 |publisher=Rutgers University Press |isbn=0813510910 |url=https://archive.org/details/rutgerspicturebo0000moff/mode/2up |access-date=15 March 2026}}</ref> He retired as dean in 1944 and as chaplain in 1945.<ref name="lenz" /><ref name="rut" /> From 1945 until his death, he was pastor of the First Congregational Church in South Windsor, Connecticut.<ref name="rut"/><ref name="UVM" />
==Death and legacy== Metzger died in South Windsor, Connecticut on May 29, 1954.<ref name="Courant1954">{{cite news |date=May 30, 1954 |title=Death Notice, Rev. Fraser Metzger, D.D. |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/hartford-courant-obituary-for-fraser-met/193431355/ |work=Hartford Courant |location=Hartford, Connecticut |page=14 |via=Newspapers.com}}</ref> He was buried at Center Cemetery in South Windsor.<ref name="Courant1954"/> His papers are held by the University of Vermont and Rutgers.<ref name="UVM" /><ref name="rut" />
==Notes== {{noteslist}}
==References== {{Reflist}}
==External links== * [https://scfindingaids.uvm.edu/repositories/2/resources/1260 Rev. Fraser Metzger: Progressive Party of Vermont Collection] at University of Vermont * [https://archives.libraries.rutgers.edu/repositories/3/resources/552 Rutgers College Office of Dean of Men Records] at Rutgers
{{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Metzger, Fraser}} Category:1872 births Category:1954 deaths Category:People from Gloversville, New York Category:People from Randolph, Vermont Category:People from South Windsor, Connecticut Category:Defiance College alumni Category:Union College (New York) alumni Category:20th-century American Christian clergy Category:Progressive Party (United States, 1912) politicians Category:Members of the Vermont House of Representatives Category:Vermont Republicans Category:United States Army personnel of World War I