List of Frankish kings

{{Short description|Frankish monarchs}} {{about|kings before the 843 [[Treaty of Verdun]]|kings after the treaty|List of French monarchs|and|List of German monarchs}} {{Multiple issues| {{more citations needed|date=March 2016}} {{More footnotes needed|date=October 2018}} }} {{Use dmy dates|date=November 2023}} [[File:Frankish Empire 481 to 814-en.svg|thumb|500px|Map of the Frankish kingdom (481–814)]] [[File:Franks expansion.gif|border|thumb|Animated map of Frankish expansion]] The [[Franks]], Germanic peoples that invaded the [[Western Roman Empire]] in the 5th century, were first led by individuals called [[dux|dukes]] and [[monarch|reguli]]. The earliest group of Franks that rose to prominence was the [[Salian Franks|Salian]] [[Merovingian dynasty|Merovingians]], who conquered most of [[Roman Gaul]], as well as the Gaulish territory of the [[Visigothic Kingdom]], following the [[Battle of Vouillé]] in 507 AD.

The sons of [[Clovis I]], the first King of the Franks, conquered the [[Kingdom of the Burgundians|Burgundian]] and the [[Alamannia|Alamanni]] Kingdoms. They acquired [[Provence]], and went on to make the peoples of the [[Bavarii]] and [[Thuringii]] their clients. The Merovingians were later replaced by the new [[Carolingian]] dynasty in the 8th century. By the late 10th century, the Carolingians themselves had been replaced throughout much of their realm by other dynasties.

A timeline of Frankish rulers has been difficult to trace since the realm, according to old Germanic practice, was frequently [[partible inheritance|divided]] among the sons of a king upon the king's death. However, territories were eventually reunited through marriage, treaty or conquest. There were often multiple Frankish kings who ruled different territories, and divisions of the territories were not very consistent over time.

As inheritance traditions changed over time, the divisions of [[Francia]] (the lands of the Franks) started to become kingdoms that were more permanent. [[West Francia]] formed the heart of what was to become the [[Kingdom of France]]; [[East Francia]] evolved into the [[Kingdom of Germany]]; and [[Middle Francia]] became the [[Lotharingia|Kingdom of Lotharingia]] in the north, the [[Kingdom of Italy (Holy Roman Empire)|Kingdom of Italy]] in the south, and the [[Kingdom of Provence]] in the west. West and East Francia soon divided up the area of Middle Francia.

The idea of a "King of the Franks" (''Rex Francorum'') gradually disappeared. The title "King of the Franks" is attested in the Kingdom of France until 1190, that of "Queen of the Franks" (for queen consorts) until 1227. That represented a shift in thinking about the monarchy from that of a [[popular monarchy]], the leader of a people, sometimes without a defined territory to rule, to that of a monarchy tied to a specific territory.

== Early Frankish rulers == * [[Genobaud (3rd century)|Genobaud]] (3rd century?) * [[Merogais]] and [[Ascaric]] (4th century) * [[Marcomer]] (4th century), ''[[dux]]'' * [[Sunno]] (4th century), ''[[dux]]'' * [[Genobaud (4th century)|Genobaud]] (4th century), ''[[dux]]'' * [[Mallobaudes]] (4th century) * [[Theodemer (Frankish king)|Theodemer]] (5th century) * [[Ragnachar]] (died {{Circa}} 509), killed by Clovis * [[Chararic (Frankish king)|Chararic]] (died {{Circa}} 509), killed by Clovis

=== [[Salian Franks]] === * [[Pharamond]] ({{circa}}388-420), legendary first ruler of the Franks, reputedly father of [[Chlodio]] * [[Chlodio]] ({{circa}} 420-450) * [[Merovech]] ({{Circa}} 450–457), perhaps a son of Chlodio * [[Childeric I]] ({{Circa}} 457–481), son of Merovech * '''[[Clovis I]]''' ({{Circa}} 481–511), the first Merovingian king, who united all Franks by 509

=== [[Ripuarian Franks]] ===

* Childebert (5th century) * [[Sigobert the Lame]] (died {{Circa}} 509), killed at the instigation of Clovis * [[Chlodoric the Parricide]] (died {{Circa}} 509), son of Sigobert, killed by Clovis

== Merovingian dynasty == {{main|Merovingian dynasty}}

=== Early Kings of the Franks (509–613) === Clovis I united all the Frankish petty kingdoms as well as most of [[Roman Gaul]] under his rule, conquering the [[Domain of Soissons]] of the Roman general [[Syagrius]] as well as the [[Visigoths|Visigothic]] [[Visigothic Kingdom|Kingdom of Toulouse]] (Aquitaine). He took his seat at Paris, which along with [[Soissons]], [[Reims]], [[Metz]], and [[Orléans]] became the chief residences. Upon his death, his four sons – and later his grandsons – split the kingdom among them. Every son received a part of the original Frankish territory and also a part of the newly acquired Aquitaine.<ref name="DeansMartin" />

*{{legend2|#ffadad|Lines of Theuderic I and Sigibert I (Kings at Reims/Metz (Austrasia) and later in Burgundy)|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} *{{legend2|#9fe7a0;|Chlodomer and Guntram (Kings at Orleans and Burgundy)|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} *{{legend2|#d2d2f3;|Childebert I and Charibert I (Kings at Paris)|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} *{{legend2|#eacfd6;|Lines of Clothar I and Chilperic I (Kings at Soissons)|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} {| style="text-align:center; width:100%" class="wikitable" |- ! style="width:15%" | Name Reign ! style="width:105px" | Portrait ! style="width:20%" | Birth ! style="width:20%" | [[List of Frankish queens|Marriage(s)]] Issue ! style="width:19%" | Death ! Notes |- | '''[[Clovis I]]''' 509 – 27 November 511 | [[File:Saint Remy baptise Clovis détail (cropped).jpg|alt=|111x111px]] | {{Circa|466}} [[Tournai]] Son of [[Childeric I]] and [[Basina of Thuringia]] | 1. unknown wife: 1 son 2. [[Clotilde]], 493: 4 children | 27 November 511 Aged 44/45 [[Paris]] | King of the Salian Franks since 481; united all Franks under his rule by 509 |- style="background:#ffadad" | '''[[Theuderic I]]'''<ref name="DeansMartin" /><ref>contested by [[Munderic]], 533, rival king</ref> 27 November 511 – Early 534 | [[File:Ducs et rois d'Austrasie 83652 (cropped).jpg|alt=|100x100px]] | {{Circa|487}} [[Paris]] Son of [[Clovis I]] and an earlier wife: Evochildis of Cologne | 1. [[Suavegotha]], 510s: childless 2. Several concubines: at least 2 sons | Early 534 Aged 46/47 | Resided at [[Reims]] |- style="background:#9fe7a0;" | '''[[Chlodomer]]'''<ref name="DeansMartin" /> 27 November 511 – 524 | [[File:Clodomir supervise l'execution de Sigismond.jpg|alt=|102x102px]] | {{Circa|495}} [[Reims]] Son of [[Clovis I]] and [[Clotilde]] | [[Guntheuc]], 510s: 3 sons | 524 Aged 28/29 [[Battle of Vézeronce|Vézeronce]] | Resided in [[Orleans]], conquered Burgundy |- style="background:#d2d2f3;" | '''[[Childebert I]]'''<ref name="DeansMartin">{{cite book |title=A History of France: From The Earliest Times to the Present Day |volume=1 |author=William Deans |author2=Frederick Martin |year=1882 |location=Edinburgh & London |publisher=A. Fullarton & Co. |pages=vi–ix, 420, 1792, Table of Sovereigns of France}}</ref> 27 November 511 – 13 December 558 | [[File:Tiers de sou d'or de Childebert Ier.png|alt=|102x102px]] | {{Circa|496}} [[Reims]] Son of [[Clovis I]] and [[Clotilde]] | Ultragotha, 510s: 2 daughters | 13 December 558 Aged 61/62 [[Paris]] | Resided in [[Paris]] |- style="background:#eacfd6;" | '''[[Chlothar I]]'''<ref name="DeansMartin"/> 27 November 511 – 29 November 561 | [[File:Monnaie d'argent de Clotaire Ier.png|alt=|100x100px]] | {{Circa|497}} [[Paris]] Son of [[Clovis I]] and [[Clotilde]] | 1. [[Guntheuc]], 524: childless 2. [[Radegund]], 538: childless 3. [[Ingund]], 532: 4 children 4. [[Aregund]], 536: 1 son 5. Chunsina: 1 son | 29 November 561 Aged 63/64 [[Compiègne]] | Resided in [[Soissons]] Reunited the kingdom in 558 |- style="background:#ffadad" | '''[[Theudebert I]]'''<ref name="DeansMartin" /> Early 534 – {{Circa|548}} | [[File:Münze Gold Solidus Theudebert I um 534 (obverse).jpg|100px]] | {{Circa|503}} [[Metz]] Son of [[Theuderic I]] and a concubine (prob.) | 1. [[Deuteria]], 534: 1 son 2. [[Wisigard]], 540: childless 3. Unknown wife, 540s: 1 son | {{Circa|548}} Aged 44/45 | Resided at [[Reims]] |- style="background:#ffadad" | '''[[Theudebald]]'''<ref name="DeansMartin" /> {{Circa|548}} – {{Circa|555}} | | {{Circa|535}} Son of [[Theudebert I]] and [[Deuteria]] | [[Waldrada (Lombard)|Waldrada]], 540s: Childless | {{Circa|555}} Aged 19/20 | Resided at [[Reims]] |- style="background:#d2d2f3;" | '''[[Charibert I]]'''<ref name="DeansMartin"/> 29 November 561 – December 567 | [[File:Portrait Roi de france Caribert.jpg|100px]] | {{Circa|517}} [[Paris]] Son of [[Chlothar I]] and [[Ingund]] | [[Ingoberga]], 537: 4 children | December 567 Aged 49/50 [[Paris]] | Resided at [[Paris]] |- style="background:#9fe7a0;" | '''[[Guntram]]'''<ref name="DeansMartin"/> 29 November 561 – 28 March 592 | [[File:Tiers de sou de Gontran frappé à Chalon-sur-Saône.jpeg|100px]] | {{Circa|534}} [[Soissons]] Son of [[Chlothar I]] and [[Ingund]] | 1. Veneranda: 1 son 2. Marcatrude: 1 son 3. Austregilde: 2 sons | 28 March 592 Aged 59/60 [[Chalon-sur-Saône]] | Resided at [[Orleans]] and [[Chalon-sur-Saône]], ruled [[Burgundy]] Adopted Childebert II |- style="background:#ffadad" | '''[[Sigebert I]]'''<ref name="DeansMartin" /> 29 November 561 – {{Circa|575}} | [[File:Sigebert 1.jpg|100px]] | {{Circa|535}} Son of [[Chlothar I]] and [[Ingund]] | [[Brunhilda of Austrasia|Brunhilda]] 567 3 children | {{Circa|575}} Aged 39/40 [[Vitry-en-Artois]] | Resided at [[Reims]] and [[Metz]] |- style="background:#eacfd6;" | '''[[Chilperic I]]'''<ref name="DeansMartin" /> 29 November 561 – September 584 | [[File:Portrait Roi de france Chilpéric roy de France.jpg|100px]] | {{Circa|539}} [[Paris]] Son of [[Chlothar I]] and [[Aregund]] | 1. [[Audovera]], 540s: 5 children 2. [[Galswintha]], 567: Childless 2. [[Fredegund]], 568: 7 children | September 584 Aged 44/45 [[Chelles, Seine-et-Marne|Chelles]] | Resided at Soissons

|- style="background:#ffadad" | '''[[Childebert II]]''' {{Circa|575}} – March 595 | [[File:Tiers de sou de Childebert II.png|alt=|100x100px]] | {{Circa|570}} Son of [[Sigebert I]] and [[Brunhilda of Austrasia|Brunhilda]] | Faileuba: 4 children | March 595 Aged 24/25 | Resided at [[Metz]] His mother Brunhilda acted as regent in his early years. Inherited Burgundy from Guntram |- |- style="background:#eacfd6;" | '''[[Chlothar II]]'''<ref name="DeansMartin" /> September 584 – 18 October 629 | [[File:Clothaire II 584 628.jpg|alt=|100x100px]] | {{Circa|584}} [[Paris]] Son of [[Chilperic I]] and [[Fredegund]] | 1. Haldetrude: 1 son 2. [[Bertrude]], 613: childless 3. [[Sichilde]], 618: 1 son | 18 October 629 Aged 44/45 | Resided at [[Soissons]] His mother [[Fredegunde]] acted as regent in his early years. Reunited the kingdom. |- style="background:#ffadad" | '''[[Theudebert II]]''' March 595 – 612 | [[File:Tiers de sou de Théodebert II frappé à Clermont.png|100px]] | 586 Son of [[Childebert II]] and Faileuba | 1. Bilichilde, 608: 2 children 2. Teodechilde, 610 1 son. | 612 Aged 25/26 | First son of [[Childebert II]] Resided at [[Metz]] His grandmother Brunhilda acted as regent in his early years. |- style="background:#ffadad" | '''[[Theuderic II]]''' 612 – 613 | [[File:Portrait Roi de france Thierri II (i.e. IV).jpg|100px]] | 587 [[Kingdom of Soissons|Soissons]] Son of [[Childebert II]] and Faileuba | Several paramours: 4 sons | 613 Aged 25/26 [[Metz]] | Second son of [[Childebert II]] Ruled Burgundy (with his grandmother Brunhilda), conquered Austrasia |- style="background:#ffadad" | '''[[Sigebert II]]''' 613 – Late 613 | [[File:Sou d'or de Sigebert II frappé à Marseille.jpeg|100px]] | 601 Son of [[Theuderic II]] and Ermenberge | Unmarried | 613 Aged 11/12 | Illegitimate son of [[Theuderic II]] Ruled Burgundy and Austrasia with his great-grandmother Brunhilda as regent. |}

===Kings in Neustria and Burgundy (613–679)===

Chlothar II defeated [[Brunhilda of Austrasia|Brunhilda]] and her great-grandson, Sigibert II, reunifying the kingdom. By that time the realms of [[Neustria]], Burgundy and Austrasia had developed regional identities. In order to appease the local nobility, Austrasia was usually ruled by separate king, often a son or brother of the king ruling in Neustria and Burgundy. A similar arrangement for Aquitaine was short-lived.

{| style="text-align:center; width:100%" class="wikitable" |- ! style="width:15%" | Name Reign ! style="width:105px" | Portrait ! style="width:20%" | Birth ! style="width:20%" | [[List of Frankish queens|Marriage(s)]] Issue ! style="width:19%" | Death ! Notes |- | '''[[Chlothar II]]'''<ref name="DeansMartin" /> September 584 – 18 October 629 | [[File:Clothaire II 584 628.jpg|alt=|100x100px]] | {{Circa|584}} [[Paris]] Son of [[Chilperic I]] and [[Fredegund]] | 1. Haldetrude: 1 son 2. [[Bertrude]], 613: childless 3. [[Sichilde]], 618: 1 son | 18 October 629 Aged 44/45 | Reunited the Kingdom |- | '''[[Dagobert I]]''' 18 October 629 – 19 January 639 | [[File:Dagobert I effigy.jpg|alt=|100x100px]] | 603<ref name="Oldfield218">Paul Oldfield, ''Sanctity and Pilgrimage in Medieval Southern Italy, 1000–1200'', (Cambridge University Press, 2014), 218.</ref> [[Paris]] Son of [[Chlothar II]] and Haldetrude | 1. Gormatrude: childless 2. [[Nanthild]], pre-629: 1 son 3. Wulfegundis; childless 4. Berchildis: childless | 19 January 639 Aged 33/34 [[Épinay-sur-Seine]] | Son of [[Chlothar II]] King in Austrasia 623–634 |- | '''[[Charibert II]]''' October 629 – 8 April 632 | [[File:Caribert II Tremissis Banassac 629 632.jpg|alt=|100x100px]] | 607/617 [[Paris]] Son of [[Chlothar II]] and [[Sichilde]] | Gisela, daughter of Amand, Ruler of the Gascons 629 [[Chilperic of Aquitaine|Chilperic]] | 8 April 632 Aged 15/25 [[Blaye]], [[Gironde]] | Son of [[Chlothar II]] Ruled Aquitaine |- | '''[[Clovis II]]''' 19 January 639 – 27 November 657 | [[File:Tiers de sous d'or de Clovis II.png|alt=|100x100px]] | 633{{sfn|McConville|2018|p=362}} [[Paris]] Son of [[Dagobert I]] and [[Nanthild]] | [[Balthild]], 640s: 3 sons | 27 November 657 Aged 23/24 | Son of [[Dagobert I]] |- | '''[[Chlothar III]]''' 27 November 657 – Spring 673 | [[File:Tiers de sou de Clotaire III frappé à Paris.jpeg|alt=|100x100px]] | 652{{sfn|Bachrach|Bachrach|Leese|2018}} [[Paris]] Son of [[Clovis II]] and [[Balthild]] | Unknown paramour: possibly 1 son | Spring 673 Aged 20/21 | First son of [[Clovis II]]

|- | '''[[Theuderic III]]''' Spring 673 | [[File:Médaillon Saint-Ouen15.JPG|alt=|100x100px]] | 654 [[Paris]] Son of [[Clovis II]] and [[Balthild]] | 1. [[Chrothildis]], pre-675: 2 sons 2. [[Amalberga of Maubeuge]], 674: 1 daughter 3. Several concubines: At least 3 children | 12 April 691 Aged 36/37 | Third son of [[Clovis II]] |- | '''[[Childeric II]]''' Spring 673 – Autumn 675 | [[File:Solidus en or pâle de 20 siliques émis par Childéric II.jpg|alt=|100x100px]] | 653{{sfn|Bachrach|Bachrach|Leese|2018}} [[Paris]] Son of [[Clovis II]] and [[Balthild]] | [[Bilichild (wife of Childeric II)|Bilichild]], 662: 2 sons | Autumn 675 Aged 21/22 | Second son of [[Clovis II]] King in Austrasia 662–675

|- | '''[[Clovis III|Clovis (III)]]''' September 675 – June 676 | [[File:Clovis III (fl. 675) coin.PNG|alt=|100x100px]] | {{Circa|670}} Son of [[Chlothar III]] and unknown paramour | Unmarried | {{Circa|676}} Aged 5/6 | Illegitimate son of [[Chlothar III]] King in Austrasia also claimed Neustria and Burgundy

|- | '''[[Theuderic III]]''' Autumn 675 – 12 April 691 | [[File:Médaillon Saint-Ouen15.JPG|alt=|100x100px]] | 654 [[Paris]] Son of [[Clovis II]] and [[Balthild]] | 1. [[Chrothildis]], pre-675: 2 sons 2. [[Amalberga of Maubeuge]], 674: 1 daughter 3. Several concubines: At least 3 children | 12 April 691 Aged 36/37 | Third son of [[Clovis II]] Also king in Austrasia after 679 |}

===Kings in Austrasia (623–679)===

Chlothar II had reunified the kingdom in 613. By that time the realms of [[Neustria]], Burgundy and Austrasia had developed regional identities. In order to appease the local nobility, Clothar made his young son, [[Dagobert I]], king of Austrasia. Austrasia was usually ruled by a separate king, often a son or brother of the king ruling in Neustria and Burgundy, for the following decades.

{| style="text-align:center; width:100%" class="wikitable"

|- | '''[[Dagobert II]]''' {{Circa|676}} – 23 December 679 | [[File:Tiers de sou d'or de Dagobert II.png|alt=|100x100px]] | {{Circa|650}} Son of [[Sigebert III]] and Chimnechild of Burgundy | Unknown woman | 23 December 679 Aged 28/29 [[Stenay]] | Son of [[Sigebert III]] |}

===Later Kings of the Franks (679–751)===

Theuderic III was recognized as king of all the Franks in 679. From then on, the kingdom of the Franks can be treated as a unit again for all but a very brief period of civil war. This is the period of the ''[[roi fainéant]]'', "do-nothing kings" who were increasingly overshadowed by their [[mayors of the palace]].

{| style="text-align:center; width:100%" class="wikitable"

|- | '''[[Clovis IV]]''' 12 April 691 – 695 | [[File:Clovis IV.jpg|alt=|100x100px]] | {{Circa|677}} Son of [[Theuderic III]] and [[Chrothildis]] | Unmarried | 695 Aged 17/18 | First son of [[Theuderic III]]

|- | '''[[Childebert III]]''' '''The Just''' 695 – 23 April 711 | [[File:Childebert III 694 711.jpg|alt=|105x105px]] | {{Circa|678}} Son of [[Theuderic III]] and [[Chrothildis]] | 1. Ermenchild: 1 son 2. Unknown paramour: 1 son | 23 April 711 Aged 32/33 | Second son of [[Theuderic III]]

|- | '''[[Dagobert III]]''' 23 April 711 – 31 December 715 | [[File:Portrait Roi de france Dagobert II (i.e III).jpg|100px]] | {{Circa|699}} Son of [[Childebert III]] and Ermenchild | 1. Unknown wife: 1 son 2. Unknown paramour: 1 son | 31 December 715 Aged 16 | Second son of [[Childebert III]]

|- | '''[[Chilperic II|Chilperic II Daniel]]''' 31 December 715 – 13 February 721 | [[File:Portrait Roy de france Chilperic II.jpg|100px]] | {{Circa|672}} Son of [[Childeric II]] and [[Bilichild]] | Unknown woman: 1 son | 13 February 721 Aged 48/49 [[Attigny, Ardennes]] | Second son of [[Childeric II]] First cousin of Dagobert III

|- | '''[[Theuderic IV]]''' 13 February 721 – 16 March/30 April 737 | [[File:Theuderic IV.jpg|alt=|100x100px]] | {{Circa|712}} Son of [[Dagobert III]] and unknown woman | Unknown woman: 1 son | 16 March/30 April 737 Aged 24/25 | Son of [[Dagobert III]]

|- | colspan=6 | [[Charles_Martel#Interregnum_(737–741)|Interregnum]] (737–741) – '''[[Charles Martel]]''' reigned as prince

|- | '''[[Childeric III]]''' 741 – November 751 | [[File:Portret van Childerik III, koning der Franken, RP-P-OB-54.364.jpg|alt=|139x139px]] | {{Circa|728}} Son of [[Chilperic II]] and unknown woman | Unknown woman: 1 son | 754 Aged 36/37 | Son of either Chilperic II or Theuderic IV

==Carolingian dynasty== {{main|Carolingian dynasty}} The [[Carolingians]] were initially [[mayors of the palace]] under the Merovingian kings, first in Austrasia and later in Neustria and Burgundy. In 687 [[Pippin of Heristal|Pepin of Heristal]] took the title [[Duke and Prince of the Franks]] (''dux et princeps Francorum'') after his conquest of Neustria in at the [[Battle of Tertry]], which was cited by contemporary chroniclers as the beginning of Pepin's reign. Between 715 and 716, the descendants of Pepin disputed the succession.

Finally, in 747 [[Pepin the Short]] became Mayor of the Palace of Austrasia in addition to that of Neustria, making him ruler of the entire Frankish kingdom. He arranged for the deposition of the Merovingian king Childeric III and in March 752,<ref>Charles Knight, ''The English Cyclopaedia: Volume IV'', (London : 1867); p. 733 ''"We have no circumstantial account of this important event, except that Pepin was anointed at Soissons, in March 752, by Boniface, bishop of Mainz, called the Apostle of Germany, before the assembly of the nation."''</ref><ref>Claudio Rendina & Paul McCusker, ''The Popes: Histories and Secrets'', (New York : 2002), p. 145</ref> Pepin was himself anointed King of the Franks. The office of Mayor was absorbed into the Crown, and this marked the start of the Carolingians as the ruling dynasty. Charlemagne was crowned emperor in the year 800, beginning the line of [[Holy Roman Emperor]]s that lasted (with some interruptions) until 1806, although the title was held by [[List of German monarchs|German monarchs]] after 962.

{| style="text-align:center; width:100%" class="wikitable"

|- | '''[[Charlemagne|Charles I]]''' '''The Great''' "'''Charlemagne'''" 24 September 768 – 28 January 814 | [[File:Karldergrosscoin.jpg|alt=|100x100px]] | 2 April 742 Son of [[Pepin the Short]] and [[Bertrada of Laon]] | (1) [[Himiltrude]] (concubine) 768 1 son (2) [[Desiderata of the Lombards|Desiderata]], 770 Childless (3) [[Hildegard (queen)|Hildegard]], 771 9 children (4) [[Fastrada]], 784 2 daughters (5) [[Luitgard (Frankish queen)|Luitgard]], 794 Childless (6) Several concubines 6 children | 28 January 814 Aged 71 [[Aachen]] | First son of [[Pepin the Short]]

Louis the Pious made many divisions of his empire during his lifetime. The final division, pronounced at [[Worms, Germany|Worms]] in 838, made Charles the Bald heir to the west, including Aquitaine, and Lothair heir to the east, including Italy and excluding Bavaria, which was left for [[Louis the German]]. However, following the emperor's death in 840, the empire was plunged into [[Carolingian civil war|a civil war]] that lasted three years. The Frankish kingdom was then divided by the [[Treaty of Verdun]] in 843. Lothair was allowed to keep his imperial title and his kingdom of Italy, and granted the newly created Kingdom of [[Middle Francia]], a corridor of land stretching from Italy to the North Sea, and including the Low Countries, the Rhineland (including Aachen), Burgundy, and Provence. Charles was confirmed in Aquitaine, where Pepin I's son Pepin II was opposing him, and granted [[West Francia]] (modern France), the lands west of Lothair's Kingdom. Louis the German was confirmed in Bavaria and granted [[East Francia]] (modern Germany), the lands east of Lothair's kingdom.

The following table does not provide a complete listing for some of the various ''regna'' of the empire, especially those who were ''subregna'' of the Western, Middle, or Eastern kingdom such as [[King of Italy|Italy]], [[King of Provence|Provence]], [[Neustria]], and [[King of Aquitaine|Aquitaine]].

{{Incomplete list|date=April 2012}} {{col-begin}} {{col-3}} {| class="toccolours"

|- ![[West Francia|Western Kingdom]] (eventually [[France in the Middle Ages|France]])

|- |  Names marked with an asterisk (*) were not Carolingians, but [[Robertians]]. *'''[[Charles the Bald|Charles II]]''', called '''the Bald''', 843–877, King of Italy and Emperor 875 **Aquitaine: [[Charles the Child]], 855–866; [[Louis the Stammerer]], 866–877 **Neustria: [[Louis the Stammerer]], 856–877 *'''[[Louis the Stammerer|Louis II]]''', called '''the Stammerer''', 877–879 *'''[[Louis III of France|Louis III]]''', 879–882, jointly with *'''[[Carloman II of France|Carloman II]]''', 879–884 *'''[[Charles the Fat]]''', 884–888, Emperor 881 *'''[[Odo of France|Odo]]''',* 888–898 **Aquitaine: [[Ranulf II of Aquitaine|Ranulf II]], 888–889 ([[Ramnulfid]], not Carolingian) *'''[[Charles the Simple|Charles III]]''', called '''the Simple''', 898–922 *'''[[Robert I of France|Robert I]]''',* 922–923 *'''[[Rudolph of France|Rudolph]]''',* 923–936 *'''[[Louis IV of France|Louis IV]]''', called '''Transmarinus''', 936–954 *'''[[Lothair of France|Lothair]]''', 954–986 **Aquitaine: [[Louis V of France|Louis the Do-Nothing]], 980–986 *'''[[Louis V of France|Louis V]]''', called '''the Do-Nothing''', 986–987

After this, the [[House of Capet]] ruled France. For the continuation, see the '''[[list of French monarchs]]'''.

|} {{col-3}} {| class="toccolours"

|- ! [[Middle Francia|Middle Kingdom]]

|- | *'''[[Lothair I]]''', 843–855, Emperor from 824 (senior Emperor from 840) **Italy: [[Lothair I]], 818–855; [[Louis II of Italy|Louis II]], with his father 839–855

After Lothair's death in 855, his realm was divided between his sons:

*'''[[Louis II of Italy|Louis II]]''', 855–875, the eldest son, succeeded his father as Emperor and received Italy. For the continuation, see '''[[King of Italy]]'''. *'''[[Lothair II of Lotharingia|Lothair II]]''', 855–869, the second son, received the northern half of Middle Francia, which came to be named "Lotharingia" (Lorraine) from his name. For the continuation, see the '''[[list of rulers of Lorraine]]'''. *'''[[Charles of Provence|Charles II]]''', 855–863, the youngest son, received the southern half of Middle Francia, consisting of Provence and Burgundy. For the continuation, see '''[[King of Burgundy]]'''.

|} {{col-3}} {| class="toccolours"

|- ! [[East Francia|Eastern Kingdom]] (eventually [[Kingdom of Germany|Germany]])

|- | *'''[[Louis the German|Louis II]]''', called '''the German''', 843–876 **Bavaria: [[Carloman of Bavaria|Carloman]], with his father 864–876

Louis divided his lands between his three sons, but they all ended up in the hands of the youngest by 882: *'''[[Carloman of Bavaria|Carloman]]''', King of Bavaria 876–880. King of Italy 877 *'''[[Louis the Younger|Louis III]]''', called '''the Younger''', King of Saxony, Franconia, and Thuringia 876–882, inherited Bavaria from his brother Carloman in 880 *'''[[Charles the Fat|Charles III]]''', called '''the Fat''', King of Swabia, Alemannia and Rhaetia 876–887, inherited Italy from his brother Carloman in 879, and inherited the remainder of East Francia from his brother Louis in 882. Emperor 881

On the deposition of Charles the Fat, East Francia went to his nephew: *'''[[Arnulf of Carinthia|Arnulf]]''', 887–899, King of Italy and Emperor 896 **Italy: [[Ratold of Italy|Ratold]], 896 **Lotharingia: [[Zwentibold]], 895–900 *'''[[Louis the Child]]''', 899–911

[[Louis the Child]] was the last East Frankish Carolingian ruler. He was succeeded by [[Conrad of Franconia]] and then the Saxon [[Ottonian]] dynasty. For the continuation, see the '''[[list of German monarchs]]'''.

|} {{col-end}}

== Kings of all Franks (simplified) ==

* '''[[Clovis I]]''' ({{circa}} 509–511) * '''[[Chlothar I]]''' (558–561) * '''[[Dagobert I]]''' (632–634) * '''[[Chlothar III]]''' (662–663) * '''[[Childeric II]]''' (673–675) * '''[[Theuderic III]]''' (679–691) * '''[[Clovis IV]]''' (691–695) * '''[[Childebert IV]]''' (695–711) * '''[[Dagobert III]]''' (711–715) * '''[[Chilperic II]]''' (715–717, 719–721) * '''[[Theuderic IV]]''' (721–737) * ''[[Charles Martel]]'' (regent, 737–741) * '''[[Childeric III]]''' (743–751) * '''[[Pepin the Short]]''' (751–768) * '''[[Charles the Great]]''' (771–814) * '''[[Louis the Pious]]''' (814–840) * '''[[Charles the Fat]]''' (885–887)

==Graphic lists==

=== Successors of Clovis I (511–561) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" width="97%" ! width="80px" | ! width="250px" | [[Soissons]] ! width="250px" | [[Orléans]] ! width="250px" | [[Paris]] ! width="250px" | [[Austrasia]] |- |509–511 | colspan="4" |'''{{versalita|[[Clovis I]]}}''' ('''king of all Franks''') |- align="center" | 511–524 | rowspan="6" style="border-left-style: none; border-bottom-style: dotted; background: beige" | '''{{versalita|[[Chlothar I]]}}''' (Soissons, 511–561) ('''sole king, 558-561''') | style="border-style: solid;" bgcolor="#fff0f5" | [[Chlodomer]] (Orleans, 511–524) | rowspan="6" style="border-left-style: dotted; border-right-style: none; background: honeydew" | [[Childebert I]] (Paris, 511–558)

|- align="center" | 534–548 | bgcolor="#e6e6fa" | [[Theudebert I]] (Austrasia, 534–548) |- align="center" | 548–555 | bgcolor="#e6e6fa" | [[Theudebald]] (Austrasia, 548–555) |- align="center" | 555–558 | style="border-top-style: dotted; border-bottom-style: dotted; border-right-style: dotted; background: beige;" | |- align="center" | 558–561 | colspan="4" style="border-top-style: dotted; background: beige" | |}

=== Successors of Chlothar I (561–634) === {| class="wikitable" width="97%" style="text-align:center;" ! width="80px" | ! width="250px" | [[Neustria]] / Soissons ! width="500px" | Orléans & [[Kingdom of Burgundy|Burgundy]] ! width="250px" | [[Paris]] ! width="250px" | [[Austrasia]] |- align="center" | 561–567 | rowspan="3" bgcolor="#F5F5DC" | [[Chilperic I]] (Neustria, 561–584) (Paris, 567–584) | rowspan="3" style="border-bottom-style:none;" bgcolor="#fff0f5" | [[Guntram]] (Orleans & Burgundy, 561–592) | colspan="1" bgcolor="#F0FFF0" | [[Charibert I]] (Paris, 561–567) | rowspan="2" bgcolor="#e6e6fa" | [[Sigebert I]] (Austrasia, 561–575) |- align="center" | 567–575 | colspan="1" rowspan="2" bgcolor="#f5f5dc" | ''Paris divided'' |- align="center" | 575–584 | rowspan="3" bgcolor="#e6e6fa" | [[Childebert II]] (Austrasia, 575–596) (Burgundy, 592–596) |- align="center" | 584–592 | rowspan="7" style="border-bottom-style:none;" bgcolor="#f5f5dc" | '''{{versalita|[[Chlothar II]]}}''' (Neustria, 584–629) ('''sole king, 613-629''') | colspan="2" style="border-left-style:none; border-top-style:none;" bgcolor="#fff0f5" | |- align="center" | 592–596 | colspan="2" style="border-right-style: none;" bgcolor="#e6e6fa" |   |- align="center" | 596–612 | colspan="2" rowspan="2" style=" border-right-style: none;" bgcolor="#fff0f5" | [[Theuderic II]] (Burgundy, 596–613) | bgcolor="#e6e6fa" | [[Theudebert II]] (Austrasia, 596–612) |- align="center" | 612–613 | style="border-left-style: none;" bgcolor="#fff0f5" |   |- align="center" | 613 | colspan="3" bgcolor="#fff0f5" | [[Sigebert II]] (Austrasia & Burgundy, 613) |- align="center" | 613–622 | colspan="3" bgcolor="#f5f5dc" style="border-bottom-style: dotted; border-left-style: dotted; background: beige;" | |- align="center" | 623–629 | bgcolor="#f5f5dc" style="border-top-style: none; border-left-style: dotted; border-right-style: dotted;" | | bgcolor="#f5f5dc" style="border-top-style: none; border-left-style: dotted;" | | rowspan="5" bgcolor="#e6e6fa" style="border-left-style: none;" | '''{{versalita|[[Dagobert I]]}}''' (Austrasia, 623–634) (Neustria, 629–639) ('''sole king, 632-634''') |- align="center" | rowspan="3" | 629–632 | colspan="2" rowspan="4" bgcolor="#e6e6fa" | ! valign="top" bgcolor="#f2f2f2" | '''[[Duchy of Aquitaine|Aquitaine]]''' |- align="center" | valign="top" bgcolor="#ff9999" | [[Charibert II]] (Aquitaine, 629–632) |- align="center" | valign="top" bgcolor="#ff9999" | [[Chilperic of Aquitaine]] (Aquitaine, 632) |- align="center" | 632–634 | colspan="2" style="border-right-style: none;" bgcolor="#e6e6fa" |   |}

=== Successors of Dagobert I (634–751) === {| class="wikitable" width="97%" style="text-align:center;" ! width="80px" | ! width="500px" | [[Neustria]] & [[Duchy of Burgundy|Burgundy]] ! width="500px" | [[Austrasia]] |- align="center" | 634–639 | bgcolor="#f5f5dc" | '''[[Dagobert I]]''' ('''former king of all Franks, 632-634''') (king of Neustria, 629–639) | rowspan="2" bgcolor="#e6e6fa" | '''[[Sigebert III]]''' (king of Austrasia, 634–656) '''[[Mayor of the palace]]''': [[Adalgisel]]; [[Pepin of Landen|Pepin I]]; [[Otto (mayor of the palace)|Otto]]; [[Grimoald I]] |- align="center" | 639–656 | rowspan="2" bgcolor="#f5f5dc" | '''[[Clovis II]]''' (639–657) '''Mayors''': [[Aega (mayor of the palace)|Aega]]; [[Erchinoald]] in Neustria; [[Flaochad]]; [[Radobertus]] in Burgundy |- align="center" | 656–657 | rowspan="3" bgcolor="#e6e6fa" | [[Childebert the Adopted|'''Childebert III''' the Adopted]] (656–662) '''Mayor of the palace''': [[Grimoald I]] |- align="center" | 657–658 | rowspan="2" style="border-bottom-style:none;" bgcolor="#f5f5dc" | '''[[Chlothar III]]''' (657–673) '''Mayor of the palace''': [[Ebroin]] |- align="center" | 658–662 |- align="center" | 662–663 | style=" border-top-style:none; border-right-style: none; dotted #C0C0C0; border-bottom-style:none;" bgcolor="#f5f5dc" | | style="border-left-style: none;" bgcolor="#f5f5dc" | |- align="center" | 663–673 | style="border-left-style: none; border-bottom-style:none; border-top-style:none;" bgcolor="#f5f5dc" | | rowspan="3" style="border-left-style:none;" bgcolor="#e6e6fa" | '''[[Childeric II]]''' (663–675) '''Mayor of the palace''': [[Wulfoald]] |- align="center" | 673 | bgcolor="#f5f5dc" | '''[[Theuderic III]]''' '''Mayor of the palace''': Ebroin |- align="center" | 673–675 | style="border-right-style: none;" bgcolor="#e6e6fa" | |- align="center" | 675–676 | rowspan="2" bgcolor="#f5f5dc" | '''[[Theuderic III]]''' (restored) '''Mayors''': [[Leudesius]] (675); Ebroin (675–680); [[Waratton]] (681); [[Gistemar]] (682); Waratton (682–685); [[Berchar]] (686); [[Nordebert]] (687–695) | bgcolor="#e6e6fa" | '''[[Clovis III]]''' '''Mayor of the palace''': Wulfoald |- align="center" | 676–679 | bgcolor="#e6e6fa" | '''[[Dagobert II]]''' '''Mayor of the palace''': Wulfoald |- align="center" | 679–691 | style="border-top-style:none; border-right-style: none;" bgcolor="#f5f5dc" valign="top" | ('''king of all Franks; 679–691''') | style="border-left-style: none;" bgcolor="#f5f5dc" | '''Mayor of the palace''': [[Pepin of Herstal|Pepin II]] (680–714) |- align="center" | rowspan="2" | 691–695 | colspan="2" style="border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none;" bgcolor="#f5f5dc" | '''[[Clovis IV]]''' ('''691-695''') |- align="center" | style="dotted #C0C0C0; border-top-style:none;" bgcolor="#f5f5dc" | '''Mayor''': [[Nordebert]] | style="dotted #C0C0C0; border-top-style:none;" bgcolor="#f5f5dc" | '''Mayor''': [[Pepin of Herstal|Pepin II]] |- align="center" | rowspan="2" | 695–711 | colspan="2" style="border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style:none;" bgcolor="#f5f5dc" | '''[[Childebert IV]]''' ('''695-711''') |- align="center" | style="border-top-style:none;" bgcolor="#f5f5dc" | '''Mayors''': [[Grimoald II]] in Neustria; [[Drogo of Champagne|Drogo]] in Burgundy | style="border-top-style:none;" bgcolor="#f5f5dc" | '''Mayor''': [[Pepin of Herstal|Pepin II]] |- align="center" | rowspan="2" | 711–715 | colspan="2" bgcolor="#f5f5dc" style=" border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style:none;" | '''[[Dagobert III]]''' ('''711-715''') |- align="center" | bgcolor="#f5f5dc" style="border-top-style: none;" | '''Mayors''': [[Grimoald II]] (695–714); [[Theudoald]] (714–715) | bgcolor="#f5f5dc" style="border-top-style: none;" | '''Mayor''': [[Pepin of Herstal|Pepin II]] (679–714); [[Theudoald]] (714–-716) |- align="center" | rowspan="2" | 715–717 | colspan="2" bgcolor="#f5f5dc" style="border-bottom-style:none;" valign="top" | '''[[Chilperic II]]''' ('''715-721''') |- align="center" | bgcolor="#f5f5dc" style="border-top-style: none; border-bottom-style: none;" | '''Mayor''': [[Ragenfrid]] (715–719) | bgcolor="#f5f5dc" style="border-top-style: none;" | '''Mayor''': [[Theudoald]] (714–716) |- align="center" | 717–719 | bgcolor="#f5f5dc" style="border-top-style: none; border-bottom-style: none;" | | bgcolor="#e6e6fa" | '''[[Chlothar IV]]''' (rival king in Austrasia, 717–719) '''Mayor''': [[Charles Martel]] (717–741) |- align="center" | 719–721 | colspan="2" bgcolor="#f5f5dc" style="border-top-style:none;" | Mayor: [[Charles Martel]] (719–741) |- align="center" | 721–737 | colspan="2" bgcolor="#f5f5dc" valign="top" | '''[[Theuderic IV]]''' ('''721-737''') '''Mayor''': [[Charles Martel]] (719–741) |- align="center" | rowspan="2" | 737–743 | colspan="2" style="border-bottom-style:none;" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | '''{{versalita|Interregnum}}''' '''Mayor''': '''[[Charles Martel]]''' (719–741) |- align="center" | style="border-top-style:none;" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | '''Mayor''': [[Pepin the Short]] (741–751) | style="border-top-style:none;" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" |'''Mayor''': [[Carloman (mayor of the palace)|Carloman]] (741–747) |- align="center" | rowspan="2" | 743–751 | colspan="2" style="border-bottom-style: none;" bgcolor="#F5F5DC" | '''[[Childeric III]]''' ('''743-751''') |- align="center" | style="border-top-style: none;" bgcolor="#F5F5DC" |'''Mayor''': [[Pepin the Short]] (741–751) | style="border-top-style: none;" bgcolor="#F5F5DC" | '''Mayor''': [[Carloman (mayor of the palace)|Carloman]] (741–747) |}

=== Successors of Louis I (840–987) === {| class="wikitable" width="100%" style="text-align:center" ! Map ! [[Kingdom of Aquitaine|Aquitaine]] ! [[West Francia|West Francia]] ! [[Middle Francia|Middle Francia]] ! [[Kingdom of Provence|Provence]] ! [[Kingdom of Italy (Holy Roman Empire)|Italy]] ! [[Bavaria]] / [[Lotharingia|Lorraine]] ! [[East Francia]] |- |[[File:Carolingian empire 814.svg|100x100px]] | colspan="7" |[[Louis the Pious|'''Louis I''' ''the Pious'']] Emperor and King of the Franks (814–840) |- | rowspan="2" |[[File:Carolingian empire 828.svg|100px]] |'''[[Pepin I of Aquitaine|Pepin I]]''' (817–838) ! colspan="3" rowspan="2" | | rowspan="2" |'''[[Lothair I]]''' King of Italy (818–840) | rowspan="2" |[[Louis II the German|'''Louis II''' ''the German'']] King of Bavaria (817–840) ! rowspan="2" | |- | rowspan="5" |'''[[Pepin II of Aquitaine|Pepin II]]''' (838–864) ''rival king'' [[Charles the Child|'''Charles''' ''the Child'']] (855–866) |- | rowspan="2" |[[File:Carolingian empire 843.svg|100px]] | colspan="6" style="background: #FFDDF4;" |Civil war between Louis I's sons (840–843); see '''[[Carolingian civil war]]''' |- | rowspan="4" |[[Charles the Bald|'''Charles II''' ''the Bald'']] (843–877) West Francia | colspan="3" |'''[[Lothair I]]''' Emperor and King of Italy (840–855) | colspan="2" rowspan="4" |[[Louis II the German|'''Louis II''' ''the German'']] (843–876) King of East Francia |- |[[File:Carolingian empire 855.svg|100px]] | rowspan="2" |[[Lothair II|'''Lothair II''' ''of Lotharingia'']] (855–869) King of Lotharingia |[[Charles of Provence|'''Charles''' ''of Provence'']] (855–863) | rowspan="2" |[[Louis II of Italy|'''Louis II''' ''of Italy'']] Emperor of the Romans and King of Italy (855–875) |- |[[File:Carolingian empire 863.svg|100px]] | style="background: #FFDDF4;" |''Lothair II and Louis of Italy'' |- |[[File:Carolingian empire 870.svg|100px]] | rowspan="2" |[[Louis the Stammerer|'''Louis II''' ''the Stammerer'']] (866–877) | style="background: #FFDDF4;" |''Charles II and Louis the German'' | colspan="2" |[[Louis II of Italy|'''Louis II''' ''of Italy'']] Emperor and King of Italy (855–875) |- |[[File:Carolingian empire 876.svg|100px]] | colspan="4" |[[Charles the Bald|'''Charles II''' ''the Bald'']] Emperor (875–877), King of Italy (875–877) and King of West Francia (843–877) |[[Carloman of Bavaria|'''Carloman''' ''of Bavaria'']] (876–80) | rowspan="2" |[[Louis the Younger|'''Louis III''' ''the Saxon'']] King of Saxony (876–882) [[Charles the Fat|'''Charles III''' ''the Fat'']] King of Alemannia (876–882) |- |[[File:Carolingian empire 877.svg|100px]] | colspan="4" |[[Louis the Stammerer|'''Louis II''' ''the Stammerer'']] King of West Francia (877–879) and Aquitaine (866–877) | colspan="2" |[[Carloman of Bavaria|'''Carloman''' ''of Bavaria'']] King of Bavaria (876–880) and Italy (877–880) |- |[[File:Carolingian empire 881.svg|100px]] | colspan="3" |'''[[Louis III of France|Louis III]]''' (879–882) '''[[Carloman II]]''' (879–884) Kings of West Francia | rowspan="2" style="background: #DCD0FF;" |''[[Boso of Provence|Boso]]'' (husb. '''[[Ermengard of Italy|Ermengard]]''', dau. Louis II of Italy) (879–887) |[[Charles the Fat|'''Charles III''' ''the Fat'']] King of Alemannia (876–882) King of Italy (880–887) |[[Louis the Younger|'''Louis III''' ''the Saxon'']] King of Saxony (876–882) King of Bavaria (880–882) |[[Charles the Fat|'''Charles III''' ''the Fat'']] King of Alem. (876–882) King of Italy (880–887) |- |[[File:Carolingian empire 887.svg|100px]] | colspan="3" |[[Charles the Fat|'''Charles III''' ''the Fat'']] Emperor (881–887) King of West Francia (884–887) | colspan="3" |[[Charles the Fat|'''Charles III''' ''the Fat'']] Emperor (881–887) King of East Francia (876–887) and Italy (880–887) |- | rowspan="3" |[[File:Carolingian empire 888.svg|100px]] AD 888 | colspan="2" rowspan="3" style="background: #DCD0FF;" |''[[Odo of France|Eudes]]'' (nephew of '''[[Ermengarde of Tours]]''', wife of Lothair I) (888–898) | rowspan="5" style="background: #DCD0FF;" |''[[Rudolph I of Burgundy|Rudolf I]]'' (husb. '''[[Guilla of Provence|Willa]]''', dau. Boso) King of Burgundy (888–912)<ref>Possibly "elected" as ''King'' as a husband of Willa, daughter of ''King'' Boso of Provence</ref> ('''[[Elder House of Welf|Rudolphins]]''') | rowspan="6" style="background: #DCD0FF;" |''[[Louis III the Blind]]'' (887–933) |'''[[Berengar I of Italy|Berengar I]]''' (son of '''Gisela''', dau. Louis II the German) (887–889) | colspan="2" rowspan="2" |[[Arnulf of Carinthia|'''Arnulf''' ''of Carinthia'']] King of East Francia (887–899) King of Lotharingia (887–894) |- | style="background: #DCD0FF;" |''[[Guy III of Spoleto|Guy III]]'' (grandson of '''Adelaide''', sister of [[Bernard of Italy]]) (889–894) [[Lambert of Italy|''Lambert'']] (891–895) |- | rowspan="2" |[[Arnulf of Carinthia|'''Arnulf''']] Emperor (896–899) King of Italy (895–899) | rowspan="2" |'''[[Zwentibold]]''' King of Lotharingia (894–900) | rowspan="2" |[[Arnulf of Carinthia|'''Arnulf''']] (887–899) |- | rowspan="2" |[[File:Carolingian empire 898.svg|100px]] AD 898 | colspan="2" rowspan="3" |[[Charles the Simple|'''Charles III''' ''the Simple'']] King of West Francia (898–922) King of Lotharingia (911–922) |- | rowspan="2" style="background: #FFDDF4;" |[[Berengar I of Italy|''Berengar'']], Emperor (915–24) [[Lambert of Italy|''Lambert'']], (896–898) [[Louis the Blind|''Louis III'']], Emperor (901–905) [[Rudolph II of Burgundy|''Rudolf II'']] (922–926) and [[Hugh of Italy|''Hugh'']] (926) | colspan="2" |[[Louis the Child|'''Louis IV''' ''the Child'']] King of East Francia (899–911) King of Lotharingia (900–911) |- | rowspan="4" |[[File:Carolingian empire 915.svg|100px]] AD 915 | style="background: #DCD0FF;" |''[[Rudolph II of Burgundy|Rudolf II]]'' (912–937) |[[Charles the Simple|'''Charles III''' ''the Simple'']] King of Lotharingia (911–922) | style="background: #DCD0FF;" |''[[Conrad I of Germany|Conrad I]]'' (son-in-law of '''Gisela''', dau. Louis II the German) (911–918) |- | colspan="2" style="background: #DCD0FF;" |''[[Robert I of France|Robert I]]'' (full brother of Eudes) (922–923) | colspan="2" rowspan="3" style="background: #DCD0FF;" |''[[Rudolf II of Burgundy]]'' King of Burgundy & Provence (933–937) | rowspan="3" style="background: #DCD0FF;" |''[[Hugh of Italy]]'' (son of '''[[Bertha, daughter of Lothair II|Bertha]]''', dau. Lothair II of Lotharingia) (926–947) | colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="background: #DCD0FF;" |''[[Henry the Fowler|Henry I the Fowler]]'' (nephew of '''[[Liutgard of Saxony (died 885)|Liutgard of Saxony]]''', wife of Louis the Saxon) (911–918) King of Germany (918–936) |- | colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="background: #DCD0FF;" |''[[Rudolph of France|Rudolph]]'' (nephew of '''[[Richilde of Provence]]''', wife of Charles the Bald) (923–936) |- | colspan="2" rowspan="3" style="background: #DCD0FF;" |''[[Otto I the Great]]'' King of Germany (936–973) |- | rowspan="2" |[[File:Carolingian empire 947.svg|100px]] AD 947 | colspan="2" |[[Louis IV of France|'''Louis IV''' ''Transmarinus'']] (936–954) | colspan="2" rowspan="4" style="background: #DCD0FF;" |''[[Conrad I of Burgundy]]'' (937–993) - '''[[Elder House of Welf]] -''' | style="background: #DCD0FF;" |''[[Lothair II of Italy]]'' (947–950) |- | colspan="2" |'''[[Lothair of France|Lothair]]''' (954–986) | style="background: #DCD0FF;" |''[[Berengar II of Italy|Berengar II]]'' (son of '''[[Gisela of Friuli|Gisela]]''', dau. Berengar I) (950–961) ''[[Adalbert of Italy|Adalbert]]'' (950–963) |- ! rowspan="2" | | colspan="2" |[[Louis V of France|'''Louis V''' ''the Do-Nothing'']] (986–987) | colspan="3" rowspan="2" style="background: #DCD0FF;" |''[[Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor|Otto I the Great]]'' husband of '''[[Adelaide of Italy]]''', widow of Berengar II Emperor (962–973), king of Italy (961–973) and Germany (936–973) - '''[[Ottonian dynasty]] -''' |- | colspan="2" style="background: #DCD0FF;" |''[[Hugh Capet]]'' (987–996) - '''[[Capetian dynasty]] -''' |- | colspan="8" | |- ! ! colspan="2" |[[List of French monarchs]] ! colspan="2" |[[List of kings of Burgundy]] ! [[List of kings of Italy]] ! colspan="2" |[[List of German monarchs]] |}

== See also == * ''[[Historia Francorum]]'' * [[List of French monarchs]]

== References == {{Reflist}}

== Sources == *{{cite book |title=[[Deeds of the Bishops of Cambrai]], Translation and Commentary |first1=Bernard S. |last1=Bachrach |first2=David S. |last2=Bachrach |first3=Michael |last3=Leese |publisher=Routledge |year=2018 |isbn=9781317036210}} *{{cite encyclopedia |title=Clovis III |first=Julia |last=McConville |dictionary=The Oxford Dictionary of Late Antiquity |editor-first=Oliver |editor-last=Nicholson |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2018}}

== Further reading == {{refbegin}} *The history of France as recounted in the "''Grandes Chroniques de France''", and particularly in the personal copy produced for [[Charles V of France|King Charles V]] between 1370 and 1380 that is the saga of the three great dynasties, the [[Merovingian]]s, [[Carolingian]]s, and the [[Capetian dynasty|Capetians]], that shaped the institutions and the frontiers of the realm. This document was produced and likely commissioned during the [[Hundred Years' War]], a dynastic struggle between the rulers of France and England with rival claims to the French throne. It should therefore be read and considered carefully as a source, due to the inherent bias in the context of its origins. *''The Cambridge Illustrated History of France'' – [[University of Cambridge|Cambridge University Press]] *''The Origins of France: Clovis to the Capetians 500–1000'' by Edward James {{ISBN|0-333-27052-5}} *''Late Merovingian France: History and Hagiography, 640–720'' (Manchester Medieval Sources); Paul Fouracre (Editor), Richard A. Gerberding (Editor) {{ISBN|0-7190-4791-9}} *''Medieval France: An Encyclopedia'', eds. W. Kibler and G. Zinn. New York: Garland Publishing, 1995. {{refend}}

== External links == * {{cite encyclopedia | title=Merovingian dynasty | year=2011 | encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica | url=https://www.britannica.com/ebc/article?eu=397220}} {{Germanic monarchs}} {{Monarchs of France}} {{German monarchs}}

[[Category:Lists of monarchs in Europe|Franks]] [[Category:Frankish kings|*]]