{{Short description|American mycologist and phytopathologist}} [[File:F_L_Stevens_1904.jpg|thumb|In 1904]] '''Frank Lincoln Stevens''' (April 1, 1871, [[Onondaga County, New York]] – August 18, 1934, [[Winnetka, Illinois]]) was an American mycologist and phytopathologist. He gained an international reputation as one of the preeminent mycologists.<ref>{{cite journal|doi=10.1080/00275514.1935.12017058|title=Frank Lincoln Stevens |year=1935 |last1=Tehon |first1=L. R. |journal=Mycologia |volume=27 |pages=1–5 |author-link=Leo Roy Tehon}}</ref>
==Biography== Frank Lincoln Stevens grew up on a farm near [[Syracuse, New York]].<ref name=JSTOR>{{cite web|website=JSTOR Global Plants|title=Stevens, Frank Lincoln (1871-1934)|url=https://plants.jstor.org/stable/10.5555/al.ap.person.bm000028586}}</ref> He received secondary education at Onondaga Academy.<ref name=BlueBook>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ue48AQAAIAAJ&pg=PA987 |page=987 |title=The International Blue Book | year=1911 | publisher=International Who's Who Publishing Company }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Onondaga Valley Academy|website=RootsWeb|url=https://sites.rootsweb.com/%7Enyononda/SCHOOLS/OVA.HTM}}</ref> In his boyhood and teenage years he read about science, created a homemade laboratory, and made, within Onondaga County, comprehensive collections of ferns and geological specimens. Without any formal instruction in chemistry, he passed examinations in chemistry at the high school level.<ref name=JSTOR/> He graduated in 1891 with a [[Bachelor of Laws|B.L.]] from [[Hobart and William Smith Colleges|Hobart College]] in [[Geneva, New York]].<ref name=Marquis>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=b60qNoGe8pkC&pg=PA2585| page=2585 |title=Who's who in America | year=1919 | publisher=A.N. Marquis }}</ref> With advice from [[David Grandison Fairchild]], whom he encountered at the [[Agricultural Experiment Station#United States|Agricultural Experiment Station]] in Geneva, New York, Stevens matriculated at [[Rutgers University]] to study botany and, especially, plant pathology.<ref name=JSTOR/> From 1891 to 1893 he was a student assistant at Rutgers and the New Jersey Agricultural Experimental Station. He graduated from Rutgers with a B.S. in 1893 and an M.S. in 1897.<ref name=Marquis/> In June 1897 he married Adeline Theodora Chapman<ref name=Marquis/><ref name=Authors>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=U10NAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA201| page=201 |title=Who's who Among North American Authors | year=1921 | publisher=Golden Syndicate Publishing Company }}</ref> (1867–1937). She became the first woman faculty member at North Carolina State when she taught biology there from 1902 to 1903.<ref>{{cite web|title=Celebrating 100 Years of Women at NC State University|website=NC State University Libraries|url=https://www.lib.ncsu.edu/archivedexhibits/women/1901.htm}}</ref> She was the coauthor, with her husband and with Tait Butler (1862–1939), of ''A Practical Arithmetic'' (Charles Scribner's Sons, 1909).<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=l7LhqjN1-CUC&pg=PA638|page=638 |title=The Cumulative Book Index | year=1910 | publisher=H. W. Wilson Company }}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JqcXAAAAIAAJ| title=A Practical Arithmetic | year=1909 | publisher=C. Scribner's Sons }}</ref>
Frank L. Stevens taught science at [[Racine College]] from 1893 to 1894, taught chemistry and botany at [[Central High School (Columbus, Ohio)|Central High School in Columbus, Ohio]] from 1894 to 1897, and worked as a sanitary analyst for the [[Chicago Drainage Canal]] Investigation from 1899 to 1900.<ref name=Marquis/> During the time that he and his wife spent in Columbus, Ohio, he was allowed to use the laboratories at Ohio University and became interested in the parasitic fungus [[Wilsoniana bliti|''Albugo bliti'' (which is now renamed ''Wilsoniana bliti'')]]. He received, based upon a thesis on this parasitic fungus,<ref name=JSTOR/> a Ph.D. in 1900 from the [[University of Chicago]], after enrolling there as a graduate student and receiving a fellowship in botany from 1898 to 1899.<ref name=Marquis/> As a postdoc, he received from the University of Chicago a traveling fellowship from 1900 to 1901. The fellowship enabled him to study at the [[University of Bonn]], the [[University of Halle]], and the ''[[Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn]]''.<ref name=JSTOR/>
At [[North Carolina State University]], Stevens was from 1901 to 1902 an instructor in biology and from 1902 to 1912 a professor of botany and vegetable pathology. For a number of years he was a biologist and the head of the department of plant diseases at the North Carolina Agricultural Experimental Station.<ref name=Marquis/> During his years in North Carolina he studied [[List of tobacco diseases|Granville wilt]] and the breeding and selection of various crops having resistance to [[wilt disease]]. He coauthored a textbook ''Agriculture for Beginners'' ([[Ginn & Company]], 1903) for younger students<ref>{{cite book|author=Burkett, Charles William|author2=Stevens, Frank Lincoln|author3=Hill, Daniel Harvey|author-link3=Daniel Harvey Hill Jr.|title=Agriculture for Beginners|year=1904|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YA7nST2vk9oC}} (1903 1st edition; [https://openlibrary.org/books/OL6930116M/Agriculture_for_beginners catalog entry at openlibrary.org]; [https://books.google.com/books?id=A6gBAAAAYAAJ 1914 revised edition])</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Maryland Agricultural College Bulletin, December–March 1905|year=1896 |page=20|publisher=Maryland Agricultural College|location=College Park, Maryland|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SD0XAQAAIAAJ&pg=PT154}}</ref> and the important textbook ''Diseases of Economic Plants'' (Macmillan, 1910). While a professor in North Carolina, he collected with John Galentine Hall (1870–1949).<ref name=JSTOR/>
From 1912 to 1914 Stevens was the dean of agriculture at the [[University of Puerto Rico]]. In Puerto Rico, he collected fungi and completed his book ''The Fungi Which Cause Plant Disease'' (Macmillan, 1913). Prior to 1914 he collected in [[Trinidad and Tobago]], as well as Puerto Rico.<ref name=JSTOR/> In the Caribbean islands his co-collectors were William E. Hess<ref>{{cite web|title=Hess, William E.|website=JSTOR Global Plants|url=https://plants.jstor.org/stable/10.5555/al.ap.person.bm000038566}}</ref> and [[Nathaniel Lord Britton]].<ref name=JSTOR/><ref>{{cite journal|author=Sastre-D.J., I.|author2=Santiago-Valentín, E.|title=Botanical explorations of Puerto Rico by N. L. Britton and E. G. Britton: their significance in plant conservation, horticulture, and education|journal=Brittonia|volume=48|pages=322–336|year=1996|issue=3 |url=https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02805294|doi=10.1007/BF02805294|bibcode=1996Britt..48..322S |s2cid=31239685 |url-access=subscription}}</ref>
In Puerto Rico, the collection by Stevens from 1912 to 1914 of [[Rust (fungus)|rusts (fungi in the order Pucciniales, previously known as Uredinales)]] made a valuable contribution to tropical mycology. In his collection there are 620 numbers of material collected in 1913, 23 collected in 1912, and 7 collected in January 1914. The collection has 18 rust species that were new to science.<ref>{{cite book|author=Roure, Luis A|title=The rusts of Puerto Rico|publisher=Louisiana State University and Agricultural & Mechanical College|year=1962|pages=3–5|url=https://www.proquest.com/openview/8639829a9e4500993d9055aab64fa7b7/1?pq-origsite=gscholar&cbl=18750&diss=y|postscript=; doctoral dissertation}}</ref>
At the [[University of Illinois]], Stevens was a professor of plant pathology from 1914 until his death in 1934. During his Illinois professorship he collected in Guyana, Peru, Ecuador, Panama, Costa Rica, the Philippines, and Hawaii.<ref name=JSTOR/> He collected Hawaiian fungi from 1920 to 1921 when he was on academic leave absence as a [[Bishop Museum]] Fellow appointed by [[Yale University]].<ref>{{cite journal|title=Important Appointment for a Chicago Alumnus|journal=School Science and Mathematics|date=May 1, 1921|volume=21|issue=5|page=462|doi=10.1111/j.1949-8594.1921.tb08028.x |url=https://www.deepdyve.com/lp/wiley/important-appointment-for-a-chicago-alumnus-e263M7vBRz|url-access=subscription}}</ref>
He was elected in 1899 a fellow of the [[American Association for the Advancement of Science]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Historic Fellows|website=American Association for the Advancement of Science|url=https://www.aaas.org/fellows/historic}}</ref> He was the president of the [[American Phytopathological Society]] in 1910.<ref name=JSTOR/>
{{botanist|F.Stevens|Frank Lincoln Stevens}}
==Selected publications== ===Articles=== * {{cite journal|doi=10.1086/327892|title=The Compound Oosphere of ''Albugo bliti'' |year=1899 |last1=Stevens |first1=F. L. |journal=Botanical Gazette |volume=28 |issue=3 |pages=149–176 |s2cid=85039673 |url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/part/222994 }} * {{cite journal|author-mask=2|jstor=3752377|title=Poisoning by Lepiota Morgani Pk |last1=Stevens |first1=F. L. |journal=The Journal of Mycology |year=1903 |volume=9 |issue=4 |pages=220–222 |doi=10.2307/3752377 }} * {{cite journal|author-mask=2|jstor=24330491|title=The Science of Plant Pathology |last1=Stevens |first1=Frank Lincoln |journal=Journal of the Elisha Mitchell Scientific Society |year=1905 |volume=21 |issue=2 |pages=61–75 }} * {{cite journal|author-mask=2|doi=10.1086/329346|title=The Chrysanthemum Ray Blight |year=1907 |last1=Stevens |first1=F. L. |journal=Botanical Gazette |volume=44 |issue=4 |pages=241–258 |s2cid=86625847 |url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/part/223305 }} * {{cite journal|author-mask=2|jstor=3752669|title=List of New York Fungi |last1=Stevens |first1=F. L. |journal=The Journal of Mycology |year=1907 |volume=13 |issue=2 |pages=67–72 |doi=10.2307/3752669 }} * {{cite journal|author-mask=2|jstor=3752839|title=An Apple Rot Due to Volutella |last1=Stevens |first1=F. L. |last2=Hall |first2=J. G. |journal=The Journal of Mycology |year=1907 |volume=13 |issue=3 |pages=94–99 |doi=10.2307/3752839 }} * {{cite journal|author-mask=2|jstor=43477618|title=Mycology and Plant Pathology |last1=Stevens |first1=F. L. |journal=The Plant World |year=1918 |volume=21 |issue=2 |pages=53–55 }} * {{cite journal|author-mask=2|doi=10.1086/329933|title=Variation of Fungi Due to Environment |year=1909 |last1=Stevens |first1=F. L. |last2=Hall |first2=J. G. |journal=Botanical Gazette |volume=48 |pages=1–30 }} * {{cite journal|author-mask=2|doi=10.1126/science.39.1017.949|title=A Destructive Strawberry Disease |year=1914 |last1=Stevens |first1=F. L. |journal=Science |volume=39 |issue=1017 |pages=949–950 |pmid=17812405 |bibcode=1914Sci....39..949S |url=https://zenodo.org/record/2057543 }} * {{cite journal|author-mask=2|doi=10.1086/332026|title=Problems of Plant Pathology |year=1917 |last1=Stevens |first1=F. L. |journal=Botanical Gazette |volume=63 |issue=4 |pages=297–306 |s2cid=37462379 |url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/part/223888 }} * {{cite journal|author-mask=2|doi=10.1086/332169|title=Spegazzinian ''Meliola'' Types |year=1917 |last1=Stevens |first1=F. L. |journal=Botanical Gazette |volume=64 |issue=5 |pages=421–425 |s2cid=84715981 |url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/part/223947 }} * {{cite journal|author-mask=2|doi=10.1126/science.48.1244.449|title=Pear Blight Wind Borne |year=1918 |last1=Stevens |first1=F. L. |last2=Ruth |first2=W. A. |last3=Spooner |first3=C. S. |journal=Science |volume=48 |issue=1244 |pages=449–450 |pmid=17752103 |bibcode=1918Sci....48..449S |url=https://zenodo.org/record/2316728 }} * {{cite journal|author-mask=2|doi=10.1086/332230|title=Some Meliolicolous Parasites and Commensals from Porto Rico |year=1918 |last1=Stevens |first1=F. L. |journal=Botanical Gazette |volume=65 |issue=3 |pages=227–249 |s2cid=83909007 |url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/part/223988 }} * {{cite journal|author-mask=2|doi=10.1126/science.51.1325.517|title=Foot-Rot of Wheat |year=1920 |last1=Stevens |first1=F. L. |journal=Science |volume=51 |issue=1325 |pages=517–518 |pmid=17794626 |bibcode=1920Sci....51..517S |url=https://zenodo.org/record/2370239 }} * {{cite journal|author-mask=2|doi=10.1086/332764|title=New or Noteworthy Porto Rican Fungi |year=1920 |last1=Stevens |first1=F. L. |journal=Botanical Gazette |volume=70 |issue=5 |pages=399–402 |s2cid=85426640 |url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/part/224216 }} * {{cite journal|author-mask=2|jstor=2435262|title=The Relation of Plant Pathology to Human Welfare |last1=Stevens |first1=F. L. |journal=American Journal of Botany |year=1921 |volume=8 |issue=6 |pages=315–322 |doi=10.1002/j.1537-2197.1921.tb05628.x |bibcode=1921AmJB....8..315S |url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/part/314430 }} * {{cite journal|author-mask=2|doi=10.21900/j.inhs.v14.313|title=The Helminthosporium Foot-rot of Wheat, with Observations on the Occurrence of Saltation in the Genus |year=1922 |last1=Stevens |first1=F. L. |journal=Illinois Natural History Survey Bulletin |volume=14 |issue=1–10 |pages=77–185 |doi-access=free }} * {{cite journal|author-mask=2|doi=10.1086/333477|title=The Hemisphaeriaceae of British Guiana and Trinidad |year=1925 |last1=Stevens |first1=F. L. |last2=Manter |first2=H. W. |journal=Botanical Gazette |volume=79 |issue=3 |pages=265–296 |s2cid=83484061 }} * {{cite journal|author-mask=2|doi=10.1086/333890|title=Effects of Ultra-Violet Radiation on Various Fungi |year=1928 |last1=Stevens |first1=F. L. |journal=Botanical Gazette |volume=86 |issue=2 |pages=210–225 |s2cid=121836047 }} * {{cite journal|author-mask=2|doi=10.1080/00275514.1931.12017038|title=A Comparative Study of Sclerotium Rolfsii and Sclerotium Delphinii |year=1931 |last1=Stevens |first1=F. L. |journal=Mycologia |volume=23 |issue=3 |pages=204–222 }} * {{cite journal|author-mask=2|jstor=2480458|title=Tropical Plant Pathology and Mycology |last1=Stevens |first1=F. L. |journal=Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club |year=1932 |volume=59 |issue=1 |pages=1–6 |doi=10.2307/2480458 }} ===Books and monographs=== * {{cite book|series=Technical Bulletin 8|publisher=North Carolina Agricultural Experiment Station |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tg5GAQAAMAAJ| title=A Serious Lettuce Disease (Sclerotiniose) and a Method of Control | last1=Stevens | first1=Frank Lincoln | last2=Hall | first2=John Galentine | date=September 1911 }} * {{cite book|author-mask=2|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7cI4AQAAMAAJ| title=The Fungi which Cause Plant Disease | isbn=9780384581005 | last1=Stevens | first1=Frank Lincoln | year=1913 |location=New York |publisher=Macmillan Company }} (1966 reprint) * {{cite book|author-mask=2|author=Stevens, Frank Lincoln|title=The Genus Meliola in Porto Rico: Including Descriptions of Sixty-two New Species and Varieties and a Synopsis of All Known Porto Rican Forms|series=Illinois Biological Monographs, Vol. II, No. 4|publisher=University of Illinois|date=April 1916|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oak7AQAAMAAJ&q=genus+meliola+in+porto+rico&pg=PA6}} * {{cite book|author-mask=2|author=Stevens, Frank Lincoln|title=Parasitic Fungi from British Guiana and Trinidad |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=s-VEAQAAMAAJ&q=frank+lincoln+stevens| series=Illinois Biological Monographs, Vol. VIII, No. 3| date=July 1923 |publisher=University of Illinois }} * {{cite book|author-mask=2|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AiYuAAAAYAAJ| title=Diseases of Economic Plants | last1=Stevens | first1=Frank Lincoln | last2=Hall | first2=John Galentine | year=1921 |location=New York }} (revised edition of 1910 1st edition)<ref>{{cite journal|author=Orton, William Allen|date=21 April 1911|title=Review of ''Diseases of Economic Plants'' by F. L. Stevens and J. G. Hall|journal=Science|volume=33|issue=851|pages=621–622|url=https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.33.851.621|doi=10.1126/science.33.851.621}} [https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.33.851.622 p. 622]</ref><ref>{{cite journal|title=Review of ''Diseases of Economic Plants'' by Prof. F. L. Stevens and J. G. Hall|journal=Nature|date=18 May 1911|volume=86|pages=376–377|doi=10.1038/086376a0|s2cid=12261520 }}</ref> * {{cite book|author-mask=2|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IJYlAAAAMAAJ| title=Plant Disease Fungi | last1=Stevens | first1=Frank Lincoln | date=1925 |location=New York |publisher=Macmillan Company}} * {{cite book|author-mask=2|series=Bulletin 19|publisher=Bernice I. Bishop Museum|location=Honolulu, Hawaii|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lf4rAAAAMAAJ| title=Hawaiian Fungi | last1=Stevens | first1=Frank Lincoln | date=October 1925 }} * {{cite book|author-mask=2|series=Illinois Biological Monographs, Vol. XI, No. 2|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=L5NQAQAAMAAJ| title=Fungi from Costa Rica and Panama | last1=Stevens | first1=Frank Lincoln | date=April 1927 |publisher=University of Illinois}}
==References== <references/>
==External links== * {{cite web|title=Frank Lincoln Stevens, publications|website=Biodiversity Heritage Library|url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/creator/3801#/titles}} * {{cite web|title=Frank Lincoln Stevens, selected publications|website=mushroomthejournal.com|url=https://www.mushroomthejournal.com/greatlakesdata/Authors/FLStevens1159.html}}
{{authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Stevens, Frank Lincoln}} [[Category:1871 births]] [[Category:1934 deaths]] [[Category:American mycologists]] [[Category:American phytopathologists]] [[Category:Hobart and William Smith Colleges alumni]] [[Category:Rutgers University alumni]] [[Category:University of Chicago alumni]] [[Category:North Carolina State University faculty]] [[Category:University of Illinois System faculty]] [[Category:Scientists from New York (state)]] [[Category:Fellows of the American Association for the Advancement of Science]]