{{short description|American horseman}} {{other people}} {{more citations needed|date=June 2015}} {{Infobox person | name = Frank T. Hopkins | image = Hopkins00.jpg | alt = | caption = (Photo taken in 1905) | birth_date = August 11, 1865 | birth_place = Fort Laramie, Goshen County, Wyoming | death_date = November 5, 1951 (age 86) | death_place = Middle Village, Queens County, New York | other_names = | known_for = | occupation = }}
'''Frank T. Hopkins''' (August 11, 1865 unsubstantiated – November 5, 1951) was a self-proclaimed professional horseman who at one time performed with the Ringling Brothers Circus. He was a long-distance rider who claimed to have won 400 races and was recognized by his contemporaries as supporting the preservation of the mustang.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.frankhopkins.com/|title=Frank Hopkins - Legendary Endurance Rider of America|work=frankhopkins.com|access-date=June 19, 2015}}</ref>
The film ''Hidalgo'' was based on Hopkins' purported story, and a few items in his accounts have been verified by outside, reliable, third-party sources. Some experts consider him to be a con-artist,<ref name="basha">[http://www.thelongridersguild.com/myth.pdf Hidalgo from myth to movie by Basha O'Reilly] thelongridersguild.com</ref> but others side with assertions that he was not.
==Early life and education== Hopkins said he was born to a Lakota mother, although this remains unsubstantiated, and European-American father, that he grew up in both cultures, and that he learned to ride and care for horses at an early age. He claimed that his father, Charles Hopkins, was a scout for George Armstrong Custer and was captured by Chief Gall in the Battle of the Little Bighorn, but he was released four months later and returned to Fort Laramie, which is where Frank said he was born and raised (his father being with Custer cannot be substantiated).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wyomingtalesandtrails.com/custer4.html |title=Custer and the Battle of the Little Bighorn | publisher=Wyoming Tales and Trails |access-date=19 January 2017}}</ref> The Fort Laramie National Historic site has no record of his birth or family. There is a marriage certificate that Hopkins signed in New York in 1929 where his age was put at 44 which, if true, would place his birth in 1885. However, the photograph shown, said to have been taken in 1905, seems to show the appearance of a middle-aged man. Additionally, the Lakota Nation has no record of any member of his family being enrolled or associated with the nation.
==Career== Hopkins claimed to have been a cowboy and professional horseman in the American West, where he gained a reputation for distance riding. In his autobiographical memoir (unpublished in his lifetime) and accounts to friends, he claimed to have been featured as one of the "Rough Riders of the World" in Buffalo Bill's Wild West show, which toured in Europe<ref>{{Cite web|title = Buffalo Bill's Wild West in Scotland|url = http://www.snbba.co.uk/|website = www.snbba.co.uk|access-date = 2015-11-20}}</ref> as well as the United States.<ref name=harrigan>[http://www.arabnews.com/node/231641 Peter Harrigan, "Hidalgo: A Film or Flimflam?"], in ''Arab News,'' 13 May 2003, accessed 2010-12-28</ref>
A number of his stories have been debunked by many historians.<ref name="basha"/><ref name="hoax">{{cite web|url=http://www.thelongridersguild.com/historians.htm|title=The Hopkins Hoax|work=thelongridersguild.com|access-date=4 August 2015}}</ref> Examples include: * His claim to have been a rider with Buffalo Bill's Wild West Show was disputed by the curator of the Buffalo Bill Historical Center, who said Hopkins' name is nowhere to be found in the archives.<ref name=harrigan/> Hopkins has been found as listed in 1917 as being employed by the Ringling Brothers Circus as a horse handler.<ref name=harrigan/> * His claim to have brought 'trick riding' to Buffalo Bill's Wild West Show has been disputed by the Georgian Cossack expert, Irakli Makharadze.<ref>{{Cite web|title = Wild West Georgians|url = http://www.georgians.ge|website = www.georgians.ge|access-date = 2015-11-20}}</ref> * His claim of being Native American, specifically Lakota, is not only unsubstantiated but the Lakota Nation has no record of him or his mother and does not claim either as members or any association.
In 1926, Hopkins was foreman of a construction crew, digging a subway tunnel in downtown Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
In the 1940s, Hopkins claimed he was honorary chair at a Vermont Races, though the Vermont Historical Society has no knowledge of any races in Vermont.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thelongridersguild.com/latimes.htm|title=The Los Angeles Times slays Hopkins|work=thelongridersguild.com|access-date=4 August 2015}}</ref> Hopkins also claimed to have won a Texas-to-Vermont endurance race at age 21, riding an 800-pound buckskin, but there is no evidence in contemporary sources that such a race was ever held.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.addison-eagle.com/news/2013/apr/01/late-great-fake-texas-vermont-horse-race/?page=4&|title=The late, great (fake) Texas-to-Vermont Horse Race|work=addison-eagle.com|access-date=4 August 2015|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151117022307/http://www.addison-eagle.com/news/2013/apr/01/late-great-fake-texas-vermont-horse-race/?page=4|archive-date=17 November 2015}}</ref> Up to the time of his death in 1951, he remained an outspoken champion of the threatened mustang which he called "the most significant animal on the North American continent."<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.pathfindertom.com/2010/10/06/frank-hopkins-long-distance-rider/ |title=Frank Hopkins – Long distance rider | PathfinderTom.com |access-date=2014-02-10 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140223133421/http://www.pathfindertom.com/2010/10/06/frank-hopkins-long-distance-rider/ |archive-date=2014-02-23 }}</ref>
==Death== Frank Hopkins is interred in Lutheran All Faiths Cemetery in Middle Village, Queens County, New York.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.allfaithscemetery.org/notables.htm|title=All Faiths Cemetery Notables|work=allfaithscemetery.org|access-date=June 19, 2015|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150225004901/http://www.allfaithscemetery.org/notables.htm|archive-date=February 25, 2015}}</ref>
==In popular culture== Hopkins' accounts of his life and the story of the race in Arabia were the inspiration for the 2004 film ''Hidalgo'', written by John Fusco,<ref>[http://www.frankhopkins.com/ "Frank Hopkins"], tribute website sponsored by The Horse of the Americas Registry and the Institute of Range & The American Mustang, owned by John Fusco</ref> directed by Joe Johnston, and starring Viggo Mortensen. The film marketed that it was "based on a true story" although subsequent investigations failed to find any evidence of such a race.<ref name="basha"/><ref name="hoax"/> Lakota scholar, historian and doctor Vine Deloria says "Hopkins' claims are so outrageously false that one wonders why the people were attracted to this material at all."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thelongridersguild.com/disney2.htm|title=The Hopkins Hoax - Disney versus The World|work=thelongridersguild.com|access-date=4 August 2015}}</ref>
==References== {{reflist|30em}}
== External links == * [http://www.thelongridersguild.com/hopkins.htm The Long Riders Guild Website]
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Hopkins, Frank}} Category:1860s births Category:1951 deaths Category:Year of birth uncertain Category:American pioneers Category:Impostors Category:People of the American Old West Category:Cowboys Category:American people who self-identify as being of Lakota descent Category:People from Goshen County, Wyoming