{{short description|American newspaper reporter, author, and sports historian}} {{Infobox person | name = Frank G. Menke | image = Frank G. Menke.png | caption = Frank G. Menke, 1920 | birth_name = | birth_date = {{birth date|1885|10|10}}<ref>Draft registration card for Frank Grant Menke dated September 10, 1918. Lists Menke's date of birth as October 10, 1885, his occupation as newspaper reporter and editor, and his employer as Newspaper Feature Service. World War I Draft Registration Cards. Ancestry.com [on-line database].</ref> | birth_place = [[Cleveland, Ohio]], U.S.<ref>Draft registration card for Frank Grant Menke completed in 1942. Lists Menke's date of birth as October 10, 1885, place of birth as Cleveland, Ohio, employer as Frank G. Menke, Inc., and his residence as Fairfield, Connecticut. World War II Draft Registration Cards. Ancestry.com [on-line database].</ref> | death_date = {{death date and age|1954|05|13|1885|10|10}} | death_place = [[Cincinnati, Ohio]], U.S. | other_names = | known_for = | education = | employer = | occupation = Sportswriter, author | years_active = 1907–1954 | title = | networth = | height = | term = | predecessor = | successor = | party = | boards = | spouse = | partner = | children = | relatives = | signature = | website = | footnotes = }}
'''Frank Grant Menke''' (October 10, 1885 – May 13, 1954) was an American newspaper reporter, author, and sports historian. He wrote for the [[Hearst Newspapers]] from 1912 to 1932 and his articles appeared daily in 300 newspapers across the country. He was billed by the Hearst syndicate as "America's Foremost Sport Writer". He later devoted much of his effort to his work as an author of books on sports history. Two of his works, ''The All Sports Record Book'' and ''The Encyclopedia of Sports'', became known as authoritative reference works that were revised and reissued for several decades.
==Early years== He was born in Cleveland, Ohio in 1885. His father, Christopher J. Menke, was an Ohio native and a printer.<ref>Census entry for Chris Menke and family. Frank Menke, son, born October 1885. 1900 U.S. Census. Ancestry.com [on-line database].</ref> He worked in construction as a teenager and played semi-professional baseball as a [[pitcher]] and outfielder. From 1906 to 1911, he worked as a reporter for the ''[[Cleveland Press]]'' and the ''Cleveland News''.<ref name=TSN/>
==Sports writer and editor for Hearst newspapers== [[File:Menke article 4-Nov-1914.jpg|thumb|right|Headline and lead of a November 1914 article written by Menke discussing tension between [[organized baseball]] and the [[Federal League]] ("Feds").]]
In 1911, Menke moved to New York and, in 1912, became a [[Sports journalism|sportswriter]] for the [[International News Service]] (INS) the wire service for the Hearst newspapers. He remained with the INS until late 1916 when he formed The Menke Syndicate, Inc.<ref>{{cite news|title=The Literary Market|newspaper=The Editor|date=December 16, 1916|page=574|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PVI4AQAAIAAJ}}</ref> By March 1917, Menke returned to the Hearst newspapers as a feature writer and sports editor for Hearst's Newspaper Feature Service, also known as the [[King Features Syndicate]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Personals|newspaper=The Editor & Publisher|date=March 24, 1917|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aolCAQAAIAAJ}}("Frank G. Menke, formerly of the Menke Syndicate, Inc., in the World Building, which sent out a daily sporting service, has dissolved that syndicate and joined the staff of the Newspaper Feature Service.")</ref><ref>{{cite news|author=Frank G. Menke|title=Newspapers Are Easy Prey for Grafters|newspaper=The Fourth Estate|date=December 4, 1920|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=exA9AQAAIAAJ&q=%22fourth+estate%22+menke&pg=RA18-PA24}}</ref> Menke's daily sports column appeared in 300 newspapers across the United States and Canada in the late 1910s and early 1920s and was translated into Spanish, French and Chinese for publication abroad. He was billed by the Hearst newspapers as "America's Foremost Sport Writer" and the "'Babe Ruth' of the Scribes".<ref>{{cite news|title='America's Foremost Sports Writer' Will Write Daily Feature Story For 'The News': Frank G. Menke Is 'Babe Ruth' of the Scribes|newspaper=The Deseret news|date=November 21, 1921|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=jCUcAAAAIBAJ&sjid=WFcEAAAAIBAJ&pg=6434,4738536&dq=menke&hl=en}}</ref> In 1931, [[Bill Ritt]], sports editor of a competing syndicate, paid tribute to Menke:<blockquote>Should sports writers, in congress assembled, ever decide to award a medal to the scribe who has given the most meritorious service in behalf of his fellow laborers in the athletic vineyards, this department's nomination would be Frank G. Menke. Menke for many years a nationally known sports writer, is also the Lincoln, the [[Frederic Bancroft|Bancroft]], the [[Emil Ludwig]], the Sherlock Holmes of sideline scribblers.<ref>{{cite news|author=Bill Ritt|title=Spying On Sports|newspaper=Berkeley Daily Gazette|date=February 26, 1931|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=d1QiAAAAIBAJ&sjid=QqcFAAAAIBAJ&pg=3080,4278706&dq=menke+-captain-menke&hl=en}}</ref></blockquote>
From 1913 to 1922, Menke's [[College Football All-America Team|college football All-America team]] selections were published in newspapers across the United States.<ref>{{cite news|title=Menke Picks His All-American Team: Harvard Champion Team Gets Only Three Places|publisher=Naugatuck Daily News|date=1913-12-03}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|author=Frank G. Menke|title=All-American Grid Selections|publisher=The Lincoln Star|date=1922-12-11}}</ref>
From 1918 through the 1920s, Menke wrote about no athlete more frequently than [[Jack Dempsey]]. The two became friends, and Menke was long a supporter of Dempsey. In 1926, Dempsey went into the horse racing business and named a thoroughbred hose "Frank G. Menke" after Menke.<ref>{{cite news|author=Sam E. Whitmire|title=Dempsey in Turf Game; Names Nag for Menke|newspaper=The Milwaukee Sentinel|date=December 7, 1926|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=uXBQAAAAIBAJ&sjid=QQ8EAAAAIBAJ&pg=5877,3365265&dq=menke&hl=en}}{{Dead link|date=January 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Jack Dempsey Puts One Over at Tia Juana|newspaper=Rochester Evening Journal|date=February 15, 1927|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=VGlgAAAAIBAJ&sjid=LHINAAAAIBAJ&pg=4142,5332399&dq=menke&hl=en}}</ref>
Menke spent one year as the editor of the ''New York Press'' in 1934.<ref>{{cite news|author=Jack Bell|title=O'er the Sports Desk|newspaper=The Miami News|date=December 7, 1934|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=PSJVAAAAIBAJ&sjid=Zj0NAAAAIBAJ&pg=3654,5599634&dq=menke&hl=en}}{{Dead link|date=January 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot }}</ref>
==Author== Menke also worked with [[Ty Cobb]], [[Gene Tunney]], and [[James J. Corbett]] on their autobiographies and ghost wrote articles for [[Babe Ruth]].<ref name=TSN/><ref>{{cite news|title=Frank Menke, Sports Writer, Dies Suddenly|newspaper=The Chronicle Telegram (Elyria, Ohio)|date=May 13, 1954}}</ref> In 1929, Menke published ''The All Sports Record Book'', which was re-issued and updated annually throughout the 1930s.<ref name=TSN/><ref>{{cite news|title=Old Timers Shade Owens's Records: Menke's All Sports Book Reveals Outstanding Marks Set by Professionals|newspaper=The Montreal Gazette|date=August 21, 1936|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=rX8uAAAAIBAJ&sjid=EpkFAAAAIBAJ&pg=5367,2341356&dq=jesse+owens+menke&hl=en}}</ref> In 1939, he published a new work, ''The Encyclopedia of Sports''. He thereafter published revised and expanded editions of his encyclopedia through 1953. The final edition of ''The Encyclopedia of Sports'' published during Menke's lifetime was 1,018 pages.<ref name=TSN>{{cite news|author=Edgar G. Brands|title=Frank G. Menke|newspaper=The Sporting News|date=May 19, 1954|page=30}}</ref> It was periodically updated with revised editions being published even after his death. The sixth revised edition, published in 1978, covered 68 major sports in 1,125 pages.<ref>{{cite book|author=Frank G. Menke|title=The Encyclopedia of Sports|year=1978|publisher=A.S. Barnes|isbn=0-498-02114-9|edition=6th rev.}}</ref>
As baseball prepared to celebrate the centennial of the sport in 1939, Menke released the results of his research showing that the sport was not invented in 1839 by [[Abner Doubleday]] in [[Cooperstown, New York]].<ref>{{cite news|author=Drew Middleton|title=Sports Historian Claims Baseball Not Century Old; Starts Dispute|newspaper=Prescott Evening Courier|date=March 7, 1939|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=1V9PAAAAIBAJ&sjid=yU8DAAAAIBAJ&pg=2967,2925019&dq=menke&hl=en}}</ref> Menke first published his findings in a magazine called ''Ken'' and then reprinted in the first edition of ''The Encyclopedia of Sports'', which was released in February 1939. Menke concluded that the game had been played along the East Coast since at least 1805 and pointed out that Doubleday was 20 years old and enrolled at a military academy when he was supposed to have invented the game.<ref>{{cite book|author=James A. Vlasich|title=A Legend for the Legendary: The Origin of the Baseball Hall of Fame|pages=140, 165}}</ref> While the quality of Menke's research was acknowledged by leading newspapers including ''[[The Sporting News]]'', the Little Falls ''Times'', a newspaper serving the Cooperstown area, wrote that Menke had an ulterior motive for his claims and belonged to "the class that would belittle Washington, Lincoln and other men who have played their part in American history".<ref>Vlasich, A Legend for the Legendary, p. 170.</ref>
In the late 1930s and 1940s, Menke worked for eight years as the publicity director for [[Churchill Downs]], the home of the [[Kentucky Derby]].<ref name=NYT/> During his years working with Churchill Downs, he published several books about horse racing, including ''The Story of Churchill Downs and the Kentucky Derby'' (1940),<ref>{{cite news|author=Frank G. Menke|publisher=Allied Printing|title=The Story of Churchill Downs and the Kentucky Derby|year=1940|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-YgvAQAAIAAJ&q=kentucky+inauthor:menke}}</ref> ''Churchill Downs and the Kentucky Derby Since 1875'' (1942),<ref>{{cite book|author=Frank G. Menke|title=Churchill Downs and the Kentucky Derby Since 1875|year=1942|publisher=Churchill Downs-Latonia|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qMfEYgEACAAJ&q=kentucky+inauthor:menke}}</ref> ''Down the Stretch: The Story of Colonel Matt J. Winn'' (1945),<ref>{{cite book|author=Matt J. Winn, Frank G. Menke|title=Down the Stretch: The Story of Colonel Matt J. Winn|publisher=Smith & Durrell|year=1945|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OdgOAQAAMAAJ&q=kentucky+inauthor:menke}}</ref> and ''Harness Horse History'' (1945).<ref>{{cite book|author=Frank G. Menke, Edwin T. Keller|title=Harness Horse History|publisher=Western Harness Racing Assoc.|year=1945|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6EB8GwAACAAJ&q=harness+inauthor:menke}}</ref>
==Family and death== In May 1954, Menke died in his hotel room in [[Cincinnati, Ohio|Cincinnati]], after suffering a heart attack while returning from a vacation in California to his home in [[Fairfield, Connecticut|Fairfield]].<ref name=NYT>{{cite news|title=Frank G. Menke, Sports Columnist: Author of Record Books Is Dead -- Collaborated With Celebrities on Life Stories|newspaper=The New York Times|date=May 14, 1954|url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1954/05/14/83754497.pdf}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Frank Menke, Noted Sports Writer, Dies|newspaper=The Newark Advocate (AP story)|date=May 13, 1954}}</ref>
==References== {{Reflist|colwidth=33em}}
{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Menke, Frank G.}} [[Category:1885 births]] [[Category:1954 deaths]] [[Category:Writers from Cleveland]] [[Category:Sportswriters from Ohio]] [[Category:Writers from Fairfield, Connecticut]] [[Category:Journalists from Ohio]] [[Category:Sports historians]] [[Category:20th-century American people]]