{{Short description|German political scientist}} {{Infobox person | name = | image = | caption = | birth_name = | birth_date = 1967 | birth_place = | death_date = | death_place = | known_for = Global environmental and sustainability politics; pioneer of earth system governance paradigm | occupation = University professor | awards = Volvo Environment Prize (2024), ISA Distinguished Scholar Award in Environmental Studies (2021) | parents = | website = https://www.frankbiermann.org/ }}
'''Frank Biermann''' (born 1967) is a German political scientist and professor at Utrecht University in the Netherlands. His research interests are in "global institutions and organisations in the sustainability domain".<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |title=Utrecht University staff |url=https://www.uu.nl/staff/FHBBiermann |access-date=26 July 2024}}</ref> He was the founder in 2006 and first chair (for ten years) of the Earth System Governance Project.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=2021-04-09 |title=Frank Biermann receives lifetime achievement Distinguished Scholar Award - News - Utrecht University |url=https://www.uu.nl/en/news/frank-biermann-receives-lifetime-achievement-distinguished-scholar-award |access-date=2024-07-26 |website=www.uu.nl |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=History of the ESG Project |url=https://www.earthsystemgovernance.org/who-we-are/history/ |access-date=2024-09-14 |website=Earth System Governance Project |language=en-US}}</ref> From 2018 until 2024 he directed a 2.5-million EUR research programme on the steering effects of the Sustainable Development Goals.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |date=2018-04-06 |title=Frank Biermann awarded ERC Advanced Grant for SDG research - News - Utrecht University |url=https://www.uu.nl/en/news/frank-biermann-awarded-erc-advanced-grant-for-sdg-research |access-date=2024-07-26 |website=www.uu.nl |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":5">{{Cite web |title=GLOBALGOALS – Research for Sustainability |url=https://globalgoalsproject.eu/ |access-date=2024-07-26 |language=en-GB}}</ref> This was funded through a European Research Council Advanced Grant.
Biermann's statements on various topics have been mentioned in the media, for example in CNN,<ref name=":8">{{Cite web |last=Paddison |first=Laura |date=2023 |title=This controversial climate solution could be exactly what the planet needs. Or it could be a colossal disaster |url=https://www.cnn.com/2023/02/12/world/solar-dimming-geoengineering-climate-solution-intl/index.html |access-date=2024-07-29 |website=CNN |language=en}}</ref> BBC News,<ref name=":9">{{Cite web |last=Bourke |first=India |date=11 October 2023 |title=To avert climate disaster, what if one rogue nation dimmed the Sun? |url=https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20231010-sun-solar-geoengineering-ministry-for-the-future-kim-stanley-robinson |access-date=2024-07-26 |website=BBC news |language=en-GB}}</ref> and Time magazine.<ref name=":10">{{Cite magazine |last=Garza |first=Alejandro de la |date=2023-03-17 |title=A Controversial Technology Is Creating an Unprecedented Rift Among Climate Scientists |url=https://time.com/6264143/geoengineering-climate-scientists-divided/ |access-date=2024-07-26 |magazine=TIME |language=en}}</ref>
He has received several awards, most recently the Volvo Environment Prize in 2024 for "defining new pathways for international environmental governance in a period of global change",<ref name=":13">{{Cite web |title=2024 Laureate: Frank Biermann |url=https://www.environment-prize.com/laureates/frank-biermann/ |access-date=2024-09-23 |website=Volvo Environment Prize |language=en}}</ref> and in 2021 the Distinguished Scholar Award in Environmental Studies by the International Studies Association.<ref name=":2" /> Biermann is an elected Fellow of the World Academy of Art and Science.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Frank Biermann, Author at World Academy of Art and Science |url=https://worldacademy.org/author/fbiermann/ |access-date=2024-08-05 |website=World Academy of Art and Science |language=en-US}}</ref>
==Education== Biermann received a master’s degree in Political Science in 1993 from Free University of Berlin (Freie Universität Berlin), followed by a PhD in political science from the same university in 1997. His PhD thesis won the Joachim Tiburtius Prize, a prize that is awarded annually for the three best doctoral dissertations of the three Berlin universities.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2005-09-30 |title=Tiburtius-Preis - Preis der Berliner Hochschulen |url=https://www.fu-berlin.de/sites/drs/funding/awards/tiburtius.html |access-date=2024-08-10 |website=www.fu-berlin.de |language=de}}</ref> In 1998, he was awarded a postdoctoral fellowship at the Kennedy School of Government of Harvard University.<ref name=":1" />
He achieved the post-doctoral degree of habilitation in political science in 2001 also from Freie Universität Berlin.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=About |url=https://www.frankbiermann.org/about |access-date=2024-07-26 |website=Personal website of Frank Biermann |language=en}}</ref> He received a master's degree in International Law by the University of Aberdeen in 1994.<ref name=":1" />
==Career== [[File:Frank_Biermann_opening_the_2018_Utrecht_Conference_on_Earth_System_Governance.jpg|thumb|Frank Biermann opening the 2018 Utrecht Conference on Earth System Governance<ref name=":102">{{Cite web |title=2018 Utrecht Conference on Earth System Governance |url=https://www.earthsystemgovernance.org/event/2018-utrecht-conference-on-earth-system-governance/ |access-date=2024-07-22 |website=Earth System Governance Project}}</ref>]] In 2003, Biermann was appointed as professor of Political Science and of Environmental Policy Analysis at VU University Amsterdam, The Netherlands. From 2003 to 2015, Biermann was head of the Department of Environmental Policy Analysis at the same university.<ref name=":4" /> During this time, from 2007-2014, he was director of the Netherlands Research School for Socio-Economic and Natural Sciences of the Environment, a national alliance of 11 institutes.<ref name=":1" /><ref>[http://www.sense.nl/organisation/partners "Partner institutes & participating research groups"], SENSE website. Accessed: 29 July 2024.</ref>
Since late 2015, Frank Biermann is a research professor of Global Sustainability Governance with the Copernicus Institute of Sustainable Development at Utrecht University in the Netherlands.<ref name=":4" />
Biermann is also a member of the Science Advisory Council of the Stockholm Environment Institute<ref>{{Cite web |title=Science Advisory Council |url=https://www.sei.org/about-sei/governance/science-advisory-council/ |access-date=2024-07-29 |website=SEI |language=en-GB}}</ref> and an affiliate of the Lee Kuan Yew School of Public Policy’s Initiative on Environment and Sustainability at the National University of Singapore.<ref name="ancillary">{{Cite web |title=Utrecht University staff, ancillary activities |url=https://www.uu.nl/staff/FHBBiermann/AncillaryActivities |access-date=26 July 2024}}</ref> He also chairs the Board of Trustees of the Earth System Governance Foundation.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Earth System Governance Foundation |url=https://www.earthsystemgovernance.org/earth-system-governance-foundation/ |access-date=2024-09-12 |website=Earth System Governance Project |language=en-US}}</ref>
=== Research === Biermann’s research and publications have contributed to several areas of global sustainability policy and governance. This includes work on the effectiveness and reform of international organizations and bureaucracies, the role of multilateral treaty regimes, the protection of climate refugees, the impacts of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), the politics of science, novel conceptualizations of planetary justice, climate policy and the restrictive governance of climate engineering, and fragmented architectures of global governance.<ref name=":11" />
Biermann pioneered the earth system governance paradigm in global change research in 2005<ref name="Stockholm Environment Institute 2024">{{cite web | title=Frank Biermann receives the Volvo Environment Prize 2024 | website=SEI | date=15 Oct 2024 | url=https://www.sei.org/features/frank-biermann-receives-the-volvo-environment-prize-2024/ |quote=In 2005, Biermann founded the Earth System Governance Project, a pioneering transdisciplinary network focused on sustainability governance. This large global research community … | access-date=26 Feb 2025}}</ref><ref name="Volvo Environment Prize 2024">{{cite web | title=Frank Biermann | website=Volvo Environment Prize | date=16 Oct 2024 | url=https://www.environment-prize.com/laureates/frank-biermann/ | access-date=26 Feb 2025}}</ref> and was the founder and first chair (2008-2018) of the Earth System Governance Project, a global research network of sustainability scholars. From 2018 until 2024 he directed a 2.5-million EUR research programme on the steering effects of the SDGs.<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":5" />
=== Advocacy and outreach === Frank Biermann has regularly engaged in public debates about reforming global sustainability governance. For example, Biermann has called for the establishment of a World Environment Organization in 2000<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Biermann |first=Frank |date=2000 |title=The Case for a World Environment Organization |url=http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00139150009605762 |journal=Environment: Science and Policy for Sustainable Development |language=en |volume=42 |issue=9 |pages=22–31 |doi=10.1080/00139150009605762 |bibcode=2000ESPSD..42i..22B |issn=0013-9157|url-access=subscription }}</ref> and the negotiation of an International Agreement on Protecting Climate Refugees in 2010.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Biermann |first1=Frank |last2=Boas |first2=Ingrid |date=2010 |title=Preparing for a Warmer World: Towards a Global Governance System to Protect Climate Refugees |url=https://direct.mit.edu/glep/article/10/1/60-88/14455 |journal=Global Environmental Politics |language=en |volume=10 |issue=1 |pages=60–88 |doi=10.1162/glep.2010.10.1.60 |issn=1526-3800|url-access=subscription }}</ref> He has spoken in the United Nations General Assembly in 2014 during an ''Interactive Dialogue on Harmony with Nature.<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bw3z_Dt8xnE |title=Frank Biermann gives plenary presentation in UN General Assembly April 22, 2014 |date=2014-10-23 |last=Earth System Governance TV |access-date=2024-07-26 |via=YouTube}}</ref>''<ref>Biermann, F. (2914) “[http://files.harmonywithnatureun.org/uploads/upload24.pdf Governance in the Anthropocene: Towards Planetary Stewardship]” Presentation at the 4th Interactive Dialogue of the United Nations General Assembly on Harmony with Nature New York City, New York, 22 April 2014</ref> This fed into the ''Harmony with Nature'' report of the Secretary-General of the UN.<ref>UNGA – United Nations General Assembly (2014) ''[https://undocs.org/A/69/322 Harmony with Nature. Report of the Secretary-General]''. United Nations Doc. A/69/322 of 18 August 2014.</ref>
Ever since the start of the Sustainable Development Goals process in 2015, Biermann has spoken in various fora about reforming these global goals, based on relevant research projects which he has been leading. An example of such a forum is the Global Citizen and Youth Empowerment System Conference at the United Nations headquarters in New York in 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |title=GloCha UN HQ NY Conference 2024 – Celebrating the Future with Culture, Youth, Digital Innovation & Localization of SDGs – Welcome to GloCha |url=https://www.glocha.org/un-hq-ny-conf-2024/ |access-date=2024-09-12 |language=}}</ref> He has also published with colleagues a number of global assessments and policy proposals on the SDGs, for example in the academic journals Nature Sustainability<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Biermann |first=Frank |last2=Hickmann |first2=Thomas |last3=Sénit |first3=Carole-Anne |last4=Beisheim |first4=Marianne |last5=Bernstein |first5=Steven |last6=Chasek |first6=Pamela |last7=Grob |first7=Leonie |last8=Kim |first8=Rakhyun E. |last9=Kotzé |first9=Louis J. |last10=Nilsson |first10=Måns |last11=Ordóñez Llanos |first11=Andrea |last12=Okereke |first12=Chukwumerije |last13=Pradhan |first13=Prajal |last14=Raven |first14=Rob |last15=Sun |first15=Yixian |date=2022 |title=Scientific evidence on the political impact of the Sustainable Development Goals |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/s41893-022-00909-5 |journal=Nature Sustainability |language=en |volume=5 |issue=9 |pages=795–800 |doi=10.1038/s41893-022-00909-5 |issn=2398-9629|doi-access=free |hdl=2066/253734 |hdl-access=free }}</ref> and Science.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Biermann |first=Frank |last2=Sun |first2=Yixian |last3=Banik |first3=Dan |last4=Beisheim |first4=Marianne |last5=Bloomfield |first5=Michael J. |last6=Charles |first6=Aurelie |last7=Chasek |first7=Pamela |last8=Hickmann |first8=Thomas |last9=Pradhan |first9=Prajal |last10=Sénit |first10=Carole-Anne |date=2023 |title=Four governance reforms to strengthen the SDGs |url=https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adj5434 |journal=Science |language=en |volume=381 |issue=6663 |pages=1159–1160 |doi=10.1126/science.adj5434 |issn=0036-8075|hdl=11370/59ee300d-f2bc-41e5-b1ac-5008ee583ed2 |hdl-access=free }}</ref>
Regarding climate engineering, Biermann states that "I increasingly fear that the slow pace of global climate policies will lead to dangerous calls for reckless climate engineering or geoengineering".<ref name="research">{{Cite web |title=Utrecht University staff, research |url=https://www.uu.nl/staff/FHBBiermann/Research |access-date=26 July 2024}}</ref> For this reason, he together with colleagues, has developed an initiative for an International Non-Use Agreement on Solar Geoengineering which was launched in January 2022 with an open letter.<ref name=":6">{{Cite web |title=Solar Geoengineering Non-Use Agreement |url=https://www.solargeoeng.org/ |access-date=2024-07-26 |website=Solar Geoengineering Non-Use Agreement |language=en-US}}</ref> This letter in support of such a non-use agreement has been signed by over 500 scientists from dozens of countries, and endorsed by about 2000 civil society organisations (as of 2024).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Solar Geoengineering Non-Use Agreement (front page) |url=https://www.solargeoeng.org/ |access-date=2024-09-12 |website=Solar Geoengineering Non-Use Agreement |language=en-US}}</ref> The goal of the letter was to make it clear "that the academic community didn’t want governments to develop solar geoengineering technologies" according to reporting in Time magazine which quoted Frank Biermann.<ref name=":10" /> He also said about this letter: "it’s a sign that anti-geoengineering scientists are getting more organized".<ref name=":10" /> On the same topic, in a CNN article in 2023, Frank Biermann is quoted as follows about solar geoengineering: “It’s very risky. It cannot be governed. It’s unethical,” and “And it is one of the biggest dangers in the current climate policies.”<ref name=":8" /> A BBC News article in the same year quoted him as saying "If the majority of countries object to the deployment… the political cost for any country to do it unilaterally is extremely high."<ref name=":9" />
=== Editorships === Biermann is the founding editor of the Elsevier journal ''Earth System Governance'', an open access journal launched in 2009.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Earth System Governance Journal, Editorial board |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/earth-system-governance/about/editorial-board |access-date=2024-07-26 |website=ScienceDirect |language=en-us}}</ref> This journal is highly ranked in the fields of international relations (fifth rank out of 159 journals), political science (tenth out of 315), and environmental policy (fifth out of 176).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Earth System Governance Journal Receives Impressive Impact Factor, Attaining Position as a Leading Q1 Journal (JCI) |url=https://www.earthsystemgovernance.org/news/earth-system-governance-journal-receives-impressive-impact-factor-attaining-position-as-a-leading-q1-journal-jci/ |access-date=2024-09-12 |website=Earth System Governance Project |language=en-US}}</ref> Data from the journal's publisher Elsevier shows that the journal has a CiteScore of 9.0 and an Impact Factor of 4.4 (as of 2024).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Insights - Earth System Governance {{!}} ScienceDirect.com by Elsevier |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/earth-system-governance/about/insights |access-date=2024-09-12 |website=www.sciencedirect.com}}</ref> In the SCImago Journal Rank (SJR) indicator this journal appears as a ''Q1 journal'' (first quartile) in various disciplines.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Earth System Governance Journal |url=https://www.scimagojr.com/journalsearch.php?q=21101063742&tip=sid&clean=0 |access-date=2024-09-12 |website=SCImago Journal Rank indicator}}</ref>
He also edits three ongoing book series:
* Co-editor of the book series on Earth System Governance with MIT Press, together with Oran R. Young since 2009.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Earth System Governance |url=https://mitpress.mit.edu/series/earth-system-governance/ |access-date=2024-07-26 |website=MIT Press |language=en-US}}</ref> * Editor of the book series on Earth System Governance by Cambridge University Press, established in 2018.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Earth and Environmental Sciences |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/browse-subjects/earth-and-environmental-sciences/earth-system-governance |access-date=2024-07-26 |website=Cambridge Core |language=en}}</ref> * Co-editor of the Cambridge Elements in Earth System Governance series, launched in 2019.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Cambridge Elements Earth System Governance, Series editors |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/publications/elements/earth-system-governance/series-editors |access-date=2024-07-26 |website=Cambridge Core |language=en}}</ref>
==Awards== * In 2024: Volvo Environment Prize for "defining new pathways for international environmental governance in a period of global change"<ref name=":13" /> * In 2021: Distinguished Scholar Award in Environmental Studies by the International Studies Association. This award is "a lifetime achievement award and recognises outstanding scholars whose long history of excellent research and teaching has had substantial impact on fields associated with international relations and environmental issues."<ref name=":2" /> * In 2019: Ecological Society of America’s ''Innovations in Sustainability Science Award.'' This award "recognizes the authors of a peer-reviewed paper published in the past five years exemplifying leading-edge work on solution pathways to sustainability challenges".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ecological Society of America announces 2019 award recipients |url=https://www.esa.org/blog/2019/04/16/ecological-society-of-america-announces-2019-award-recipients-2/ |access-date=2024-07-26 |website=www.esa.org}}</ref> The price was for a paper on "Bright spots: seeds of a good Anthropocene" in ''Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment'' in 2016 where Frank Biermann was a co-author.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Bennett |first1=Elena M |last2=Solan |first2=Martin |last3=Biggs |first3=Reinette |last4=McPhearson |first4=Timon |last5=Norström |first5=Albert V |last6=Olsson |first6=Per |last7=Pereira |first7=Laura |last8=Peterson |first8=Garry D |last9=Raudsepp-Hearne |first9=Ciara |last10=Biermann |first10=Frank |last11=Carpenter |first11=Stephen R |last12=Ellis |first12=Erle C |last13=Hichert |first13=Tanja |last14=Galaz |first14=Victor |last15=Lahsen |first15=Myanna |date=2016 |title=Bright spots: seeds of a good Anthropocene |url=https://esajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/fee.1309 |journal=Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment |language=en |volume=14 |issue=8 |pages=441–448 |doi=10.1002/fee.1309 |bibcode=2016FrEE...14..441B |issn=1540-9295|url-access=subscription }}</ref> * In 2018: Biermann received a European Research Council Advanced Grant worth EUR 2.5 million to conduct research into the Sustainable Development Goals set by the United Nations in 2015<ref name=":3" /> * In 2013: Societal Impact Award of VU University Amsterdam. The jury report explained: "Frank Biermann's research is impressive and socially relevant. It fits in perfectly with the values and traditions of the VU. Bierman is an excellent scientist with an enormous list of publications. This places him at the top of his field."<ref>{{Cite web |last=www.miwebb.com |first=miWebb: Creative Digital Agency- |title=Societal Impact Award 2013 naar Frank Biermann |url=https://advalvas.vu.nl/wetenschap-onderwijs/societal-impact-award-2013-naar-frank-biermann/ |access-date=2024-07-26 |website=Advalvas (text from website translated with Google Translate) |language=nl-NL}}</ref> * Biermann is an elected Fellow of the World Academy of Art and Science.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=About Us |url=https://worldacademy.org/about-us/ |access-date=2024-08-07 |website=World Academy of Art and Science |language=en-US}}</ref>
==Publications==
Biermann has authored, edited or co-edited 19 books and published over 200 articles in peer-reviewed journals and academic books.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Publications |url=https://www.frankbiermann.org/publications |access-date=2024-08-06 |website=Personal website of Frank Biermann |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":11" /> His h-index as calculated in Google Scholar is 80.<ref name=":11">{{Cite web |title=Google Scholar results for Frank Biermann |url=https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=1PRxlBUAAAAJ&hl=en |access-date=2024-07-26 |website=scholar.google.com}}</ref> The h-index is an author-level metric that measures both the productivity and citation impact of the publications.<ref name=":12">{{Cite journal |last=Hirsch |first=J. E. |date=2005-11-15 |title=An index to quantify an individual's scientific research output |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences |language=en |volume=102 |issue=46 |pages=16569–16572 |arxiv=physics/0508025 |bibcode=2005PNAS..10216569H |doi=10.1073/pnas.0507655102 |issn=0027-8424 |pmc=1283832 |pmid=16275915 |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Are You Happy with Your h-Index? |url=https://nordmedianetwork.org/latest/news/are-you-happy-with-your-h-index/ |access-date=2024-09-12 |website=NordMedia Network |language=en}}</ref>
Selected books where Biermann was sole author or co-editor include: * Biermann, Frank, Thomas Hickmann and Carole-Anne Sénit, editors. 2022. ''The Political Impact of the Sustainable Development Goals. Transforming Governance through Global Goals?'' Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/9781009082945/type/book |title=The Political Impact of the Sustainable Development Goals: Transforming Governance Through Global Goals? |date=2022 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-1-009-08294-5 |editor-last=Biermann |editor-first=Frank |edition=1 |doi=10.1017/9781009082945 |editor-last2=Hickmann |editor-first2=Thomas |editor-last3=Sénit |editor-first3=Carole-Anne}}</ref> * Biermann, Frank, and Rakhyun E. Kim, editors. 2020. ''Architectures of Earth System Governance. Institutional Complexity and Structural Transformation.'' Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/9781108784641/type/book |title=Architectures of Earth System Governance: Institutional Complexity and Structural Transformation |date=2020 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-1-108-78464-1 |editor-last=Biermann |editor-first=Frank |edition=1 |doi=10.1017/9781108784641 |editor-last2=Kim |editor-first2=Rakhyun E.}}</ref> * Biermann, Frank, and Eva Lövbrand, editors. 2019. ''Anthropocene Encounters. New Directions in Green Political Thinking.'' Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/9781108646673/type/book |title=Anthropocene Encounters: New Directions in Green Political Thinking |date=2019 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-1-108-64667-3 |editor-last=Biermann |editor-first=Frank |edition=1 |doi=10.1017/9781108646673 |hdl=10453/143642 |editor-last2=Lövbrand |editor-first2=Eva}}</ref> * Kanie, Norichika, and Frank Biermann, editors. 2017. ''Governing through Goals: Sustainable Development Goals as Governance Innovation.'' Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press. 333 pages. Translated into Chinese by Beijing Normal University Press, 2018.<ref>{{Cite book |title=Governing through goals: sustainable development goals as governance innovation |date=2017 |publisher=MIT Press |isbn=978-0-262-03562-0 |editor-last=Kanie |editor-first=Norichika |series=Earth system governance |location=Cambridge, Massachusetts |editor-last2=Biermann |editor-first2=Frank}}</ref> * Biermann, Frank (2014). ''Earth system governance: world politics in the anthropocene''. Cambridge, Massachusetts: The MIT Press.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Biermann |first=Frank |title=Earth system governance: world politics in the anthropocene |date=2014 |publisher=The MIT Press |isbn=978-0-262-02822-6 |series=Earth system governance : a core research project of the international human dimensions programme on global environmental change |location=Cambridge, Massachusetts}}</ref> The late Will Steffen, for example, commented on this book as follows: "A particular strength of the book is the integration of the scientific underpinning of the Anthropocene with both analytical and normative approaches to effective governance."<ref>{{Cite web |title=Earth System Governance- World Politics in the Anthropocene |url=https://mitpress.mit.edu/9780262526692/earth-system-governance/ |access-date=29 July 2024 |website=MIT Press (click on tab "praise") |language=en-US}}</ref>
== References == {{Reflist}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Biermann, Frank}} Category:1967 births Category:Living people Category:German political scientists Category:Academic staff of Utrecht University Category:Free University of Berlin alumni Category:Alumni of the University of Aberdeen