Francis Cheynell

{{Short description|English religious controversialist}} {{Use dmy dates|date=October 2019}} '''Francis Cheynell'''<ref>Cheynel, Chenell, Channell.</ref> (1608–1665) was a prominent English religious controversialist, of Presbyterian views, and President of St John's College, Oxford 1648 to 1650, imposed by the Parliamentary regime.

His ''Aulicus'' of 1644 is accounted the first work of speculative fiction to be set in a hypothetical future,<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://andromeda.rutgers.edu/~hbf/sfhist.html |title=Science Fiction: The Early History |access-date=13 July 2007 |archive-date=19 September 2000 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20000919193533/http://andromeda.rutgers.edu/~hbf/sfhist.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> in this case the return of Charles I of England.

==Life== He became a fellow of Merton College, Oxford, in 1629,<ref name = CDNB>''Concise Dictionary of National Biography''</ref> and took an M.A. in 1633. He was a vicar in Hertfordshire and then at Marston St Lawrence, Northamptonshire from 1637; he lost his position in Oxford, as an opponent of William Laud, in 1638.<ref name="Statesman1">[http://www.anglicanbooksrevitalized.us/Peter_Toons_Books_Online/History/statesman1.htm Statesman1] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071113063509/http://www.anglicanbooksrevitalized.us/Peter_Toons_Books_Online/History/statesman1.htm |date=2007-11-13 }}</ref> Pushed out by Royalist forces, he became a chaplain to the New Model Army, and a member of the Westminster Assembly.<ref name = CDNB/>

He became Rector of Petworth, Sussex, imposed by Parliament in 1643, in place of Henry King, the bishop of Chichester,<ref name = CDNB/><ref>{{cite DNB|wstitle=King, Henry}}</ref> and ‘in practice though not in name bishop of the diocese,’<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.easthoathlychurch.org/history.html |title=East Hoathly Parish Church in History |access-date=13 July 2007 |archive-date=28 September 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928042403/http://www.easthoathlychurch.org/history.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> until the Restoration.

He acted as Visitor to the University of Oxford, from 1647.<ref>[http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.asp?compid=25017 House of Commons Journal Volume 5 – 10 February 1647 | British History Online]</ref> He was also Lady Margaret Professor of Divinity at Oxford University until deposed at the Restoration.

==Heresy hunter== He has been characterized as ‘One of the foremost heresiographers of the 1640s’.<ref>Adriana McCrea, Constant Minds (1997), p. 154.</ref> He attacked, under the name of Socinianism, early non-Trinitarian thinkers, tending to Unitarianism.<ref>[http://www.rtrc.net/westminster/critical/booktable.htm Book Table] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928181443/http://www.rtrc.net/westminster/critical/booktable.htm |date=2007-09-28 }}</ref> He was very much an alarmist in tone, and at times perhaps afflicted by mental illness.<ref>''Dr. Francis Cheynell is now chiefly known by his very extraordinary conduct when he attended the last hours and the burial of Chillingworth''; and other comments at [https://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.asp?compid=36727]. From: 'Guibon Goddard's Journal: September 1654', Diary of Thomas Burton esq, volume 1: July 1653 - April 1657 (1828), pp. XVII-XLIV. URL: https://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.asp?compid=36727. Date accessed: 13 July 2007.</ref>

He assailed Lucius Cary, 2nd Viscount Falkland, his failed convert William Chillingworth,<ref>[http://www.sksm.edu/research/publications/AHistoryofUnitarianism1.pdf PDF] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928014543/http://www.sksm.edu/research/publications/AHistoryofUnitarianism1.pdf |date=28 September 2007 }}, p. 112.</ref> Henry Hammond, John Webberley,<ref>[http://www.sksm.edu/research/publications/AHistoryofUnitarianism1.pdf PDF] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928014543/http://www.sksm.edu/research/publications/AHistoryofUnitarianism1.pdf |date=28 September 2007 }}, p. 116.</ref> William Erbery,<ref name="Statesman1"/> Gilbert Sheldon, Jasper Mayne,<ref>Pamphlet exchange after ''Sermon against False Prophets'' (1647) by Mayne, see e.g. [http://infomotions.com/etexts/gutenberg/dirs/1/6/4/6/16469/16469.htm] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090428164422/http://infomotions.com/etexts/gutenberg/dirs/1/6/4/6/16469/16469.htm |date=28 April 2009 }}, under Jasper Main.</ref> John Bidle<ref>[http://www.gracemessenger.org/files/John_Owen/Owen_V12_The_Gospel_Vindicated_And_Socinianism_Examined.pdf PDF], p. 7.</ref> and John Fry.<ref>Fry was defending Bidle; see for example Hill, ''Milton and the English Revolution'' (1977), p. 291.</ref>

==Works== *Sions Memento and Gods Alarum (1643)<ref>[http://www.worldcatlibraries.org/wcpa/top3mset/12009473 Sions memento and Gods alarum in a sermon at Westminster, before the honorable House of Commons on the 31 of May 1643, the solemne day of their monethy fast [WorldCat.org]]</ref> *The Rise, Growth, and Danger of Socinianisme (1643)<ref>[http://www.worldcatlibraries.org/wcpa/top3mset/11732271 The rise, growth, and danger of Socinianisme together with a plaine discovery of a desperate designe of corrupting the Protestant religion, whereby it appeares that the religion which hath been so violently contended for (by the Archbishop of Canterbury and his adherents) is not the true pure Protestant religion, but an hotchpotch of Arminianisme, Socinianisme and popery : it is likewise made evident, that the atheists, Anabaptists, and sectaries so much complained of, have been raised or encouraged by the doctrines and practises of the Arminian, Socinian and popish party [WorldCat.org]]</ref> *''Aulicus his Dream, of the King's Sudden Coming to London'' (1644)<ref>[http://www.worldcatlibraries.org/wcpa/top3mset/12066316 Aulicus his dream, of the kings sudden coming to London [WorldCat.org]]</ref> *Chillingworthi Novissima (1644)<ref>[http://www.worldcatlibraries.org/wcpa/top3mset/12001112 Chillingworthi novissima, or, The sicknesse, heresy, death and buriall of William Chillingworth in his own phrase, clerk of Oxford and in the conceit of his fellow souldiers the Queens arch-engineer and grand-intelligencer : set forth in a letter to his eminent and learned friends a relation of his apprehension at Arundell a discovery of his errours in a briefe catechism and a shorr oration at the buriall of his hereticall book [WorldCat.org]]</ref> *The Man of Honor described. Sermon to the House of Lords, 1645 *''Truth triumphing over errour and heresie. Or, A relation of a publike disputation at Oxford in S. Maries Church on Munday last, Jan. 11. 1646: between Master Cheynell, a member of the Assembly and Master Erbury, the Seeker and Socinian (1646)''<ref>[http://www.worldcatlibraries.org/wcpa/top3mset/10212804 Truth triumphing over errour and heresie, or, A relation of a publike disputation at Oxford in S. Maries Church on Munday last, Jan. 11, 1646 between Master Cheynell, a member of the assembly and Master Erbury, the seeker and Socinian : wherein the Socinian tenents maintained by Master Erbury are laid down, and Master Cheynels clear confutation of them to the joy and satisfaction of many hundreds there present is declared. [WorldCat.org]]</ref> *''An account given to the Parliament by the ministers sent by them to Oxford'' (1647)<ref>[http://www.worldcatlibraries.org/wcpa/top3mset/10629663 An account given to the Parliament by the ministers sent by them to Oxford in which you have the most remarkable passages which have fallen out in the six moneths service there ... particularly ... two conferences in which the ministers ... have suffered by reproaches and falshoods in print and otherwise : the chief points insisted on in those conferences are 1. whether private men may lawfully preach, 2. whether the ministers of the Church of England were antichristian ... 3. and lastly divers of Mr. Erbury's dangerous errours. ... [WorldCat.org]]</ref> *''The sworne confederacy between the convocation at Oxford, and the tower of London'' (1647) *''The Divine Trinunity of the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit'' (1650)<sup>[https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/001939327]</sup> *A Plot for the good of Posterity. *Divers Letters to Dr. Jasp. Mayne, concerning false Prophets. *A copy of some Letters which passed at Oxford between him and Dr. Hammond *A Discussion of Mr. Fry's Tenets lately condemned in Parliament, and Socinianism proved to be an Unchristian Doctrine.

==Notes== {{reflist}}

==External links== *[https://web.archive.org/web/20070927213309/http://www.apuritansmind.com/MemoirsPuritans/MemoirsPuritansFrancisCheynell.htm Biography] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20110929004759/http://infomotions.com/etexts/gutenberg/dirs/1/0/3/5/10350/10350.htm], online Gutenberg version of Samuel Johnson's ''Life of Francis Cheynel'' (at [54]) *{{prdl}}

{{s-start}} {{s-aca}} {{succession box |title = President of St John's College, Oxford |before = Richard Baylie |after = Unknown |years = 1648-1650 }} {{end}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Cheynell, Francis}} Category:1608 births Category:1665 deaths Category:Westminster Divines Category:Presidents of St John's College, Oxford Category:English Presbyterian ministers of the Interregnum (England) Category:Fellows of Merton College, Oxford Category:English fantasy writers Category:17th-century Calvinist and Reformed theologians Category:English Calvinist and Reformed theologians Category:Lady Margaret Professors of Divinity