{{Short description|Bastioned fort in Birgu, Malta}} {{About|the fort in Birgu, Malta||Castel Sant'Angelo (disambiguation)}}{{distinguish|Fort St Angelo of Canannore}} {{Infobox military installation | name = Fort St. Angelo | native_name = {{native name|mt|Forti Sant'Anġlu}} | partof = the [[fortifications of Birgu]] | location = [[Birgu]], [[Malta]] | image = Malta - Birgu - Fort Saint Angelo (Upper Barrakka Gardens) 01 ies.jpg | image_size = 300px | caption = Fort St. Angelo as seen from the [[Upper Barrakka Gardens]] | map = Fort St. Angelo map.png | image_mapsize = 300px | map_caption = Map of Fort St. Angelo | type = Bastioned [[fort]]; previously a castle | coordinates = {{coord|35|53|31|N|14|31|6|E|type:landmark|display=inline,title}} | ownership = [[Government of Malta]] | controlledby = Cottonera Waterfront Group<br />[[Heritage Malta]]<br />[[Sovereign Military Order of Malta]] | open_to_public = Most of fort,<br />partially on occasions | site_area = {{convert|13,000|m2|abbr=on}}<ref name=interview>{{cite news|title=Interview: Fort St Angelo - Bringing An icon back to life|url=http://www.independent.com.mt/articles/2012-03-12/news/interview-fort-st-angelo-bringing-an-icon-back-to-life-307095/|access-date=16 July 2015|work=[[The Malta Independent]]|date=12 March 2012}}</ref> | built = {{circa}} 13th century–1691 | used = {{circa}} 13th century–1979 | builder = [[Knights Hospitaller|Order of Saint John]] | materials = [[Limestone]] | height = | condition = Intact | battles = [[Battle of Malta (1283)|Battle of Malta]]<br />[[Invasion of Gozo (1551)|Attack of 1551]]<br />[[Great Siege of Malta]]<br />[[Siege of Malta (1798–1800)]]<br />[[Siege of Malta (World War II)]] | events = | past_commanders = | garrison = 450{{citation needed|date=December 2019}} | occupants = }}

'''Fort St. Angelo''' ({{langx|mt|Forti Sant'Anġlu}} or {{lang|mt|Fortizza Sant'Anġlu}}) is a bastioned [[fort]] in [[Birgu]], [[Malta]], located at the centre of the [[Grand Harbour]]. It was originally built in the medieval period as a [[castle]] called the '''{{lang|la|Castrum Maris}}''' ({{langx|en|Castle by the Sea}}; {{langx|it|Castello al Mare}}). It was rebuilt by the [[Knights Hospitaller|Order of Saint John]] as a bastioned [[fort]] called Fort Saint Angelo between the 1530s and the 1560s, and it is best known for its role as the Order's headquarters during the [[Great Siege of Malta]] of 1565. A major reconstruction to designs of [[Carlos de Grunenbergh]] took place in the 1690s, giving the fort its current appearance.

The fort was garrisoned by the British from 1800 to 1979, at times being classified as a [[stone frigate]] known as '''HMS ''Egmont''''' or later '''HMS ''St Angelo'''''. The fort suffered considerable damage during [[World War II]], but it was later restored. In 1998, the upper part of the fort was handed to the [[Sovereign Military Order of Malta]]. Fort St. Angelo has been on Malta's tentative list of [[UNESCO]] [[World Heritage Site]]s since 1998, as part of the ''Knights' Fortifications around the Harbours of Malta''.<ref>{{cite web|title=Knights' Fortifications around the Harbours of Malta|url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/982/|website=UNESCO Tentative List|access-date=15 July 2015}}</ref>

==History== ===Pre-history to antiquity=== The site was occupied since pre-history and a prominent [[place of worship]] in antiquity with the building of the temple of [[Astarte]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Castagna|first=P. P.|date=1865|title=Malta bil chzejer tehne u li ghadda min ghaliha|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oCdhDp3oDUoC&pg=PA9|volume=2|publisher=Malta: s.n.|page=9|language=mt}}</ref>

The date of its original construction is unknown. However, the prehistoric and classical remains on site, are indicative of a fortified place and a habitable zone. Large [[ashlar]] blocks and an Egyptian pink [[granite]] column at the top part of the fort still exists inside the [[chapel of St Anne, Fort St Angelo|chapel]]. The site was probably later developed by the Arabs {{circa|870 AD}}, but nothing is concrete. [[Al-Himyarī]] mentions that the Arabs dismantled a {{lang|ar|حصن}} ({{lang|ar-Latn|ḥiṣn}}, 'fortress'), but there is no actual reference if this 'fortress' was in Birgu.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Brincat |first1=Joseph M. |title=New Light on the Darkest Age in Malta's History |url=http://melitensiawth.com/incoming/Index/The%20Arabs%20in%20Malta/1995proc%20Malta%20870-1054%20by%20J.M.%20Brincat.pdf |website=melitensiawth.com |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304095600/http://melitensiawth.com/incoming/Index/The%20Arabs%20in%20Malta/1995proc%20Malta%20870-1054%20by%20J.M.%20Brincat.pdf |archive-date=4 March 2016 |url-status=usurped }}</ref><ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=Fm4DAAAAQAAJ&dq=vincenzo+borg+house&pg=PA119 "A hand book, or guide, for strangers visiting Malta"], p. 81.</ref> A rock-cut church close to the area had already existed since Orthodox Christianity in Malta around 600 A.D. and was rebuilt with wood in around 800 A.D.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.um.edu.mt/__data/assets/pdf_file/0004/310729/JMH-2016JohnVella.pdf |title=The Rock-cut Church of Bormla: Origins and Developments |website=www.um.edu.mt |date=2016 |access-date=2019-08-26}}</ref>

===Middle Ages=== Its probable start as a fortification is the high/late [[medieval]] period. In fact, in 1220 [[House of Hohenstaufen|Hohenstaufen]] Emperor [[Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor|Frederick II]] started to appoint his own Castellani for Malta who needed a place to live and secure the interests of the crown. The remains of a tower that may date back to the 12th century can be traced among the more recent works. The first mention of ''{{lang|la|Castrum Maris}}'' ({{lang|en|"Castle by the sea"}}) is to be found in documents from the 1240s when Paulinus of Malta was the lord of the island and later when Giliberto Abate made a census of the islands. Another reference to the castle is that from the short Angevin rule (1266–83) where documents list it again as ''{{lang|la|Castrum Maris}}'' and list a garrison of 150 men together with several weapons. It seems also that by 1274, the castle already had two chapels which are still there today.<ref>https://www.um.edu.mt/library/oar/bitstream/123456789/41363/1/Il-pittura_f%27Malta_u_l-identita_nazzjonali_1989.pdf {{Bare URL PDF|date=March 2022}}</ref> A detailed inventory of weapons and supplies in the castle exists from the same year. From 1283 the Maltese islands were under [[House of Barcelona|Aragonese]] rule (although the castle remained for some time in [[Capetian House of Anjou|Angevin]] rule while the rest of Malta was already in Aragonese hands) and the fortification was mainly used by Castellani (like the de Nava family) who were there to safeguard the interests of the [[Crown of Aragon|Aragonese crown]]. In fact the Castellans did not have any jurisdiction outside the ditch of the fort.<ref>{{verification needed|date=July 2017}}{{cite journal|journal=Journal of the Faculty of Arts|last=Luttrell|first=Anthony|date=1970|title=The House of Aragon and Malta: 1282-1412|url=http://melitensiawth.com/incoming/Index/Journal%20of%20the%20Faculty%20of%20Arts/Journal%20of%20the%20Faculty%20of%20Arts.%204(1970)2/08.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160415202652/http://melitensiawth.com/incoming/Index/Journal%20of%20the%20Faculty%20of%20Arts/Journal%20of%20the%20Faculty%20of%20Arts.%204(1970)2/08.pdf|url-status=usurped|archive-date=April 15, 2016|volume=4|issue=2|pages=156–168}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.um.edu.mt/library/oar/bitstream/handle/123456789/21156/Spanish%20influence%20(no.%2070).pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y |title=Archived copy |access-date=2018-06-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180113015747/https://www.um.edu.mt/library/oar/bitstream/handle/123456789/21156/Spanish%20influence%20%28no.%2070%29.pdf?sequence=1 |archive-date=2018-01-13 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.independent.com.mt/articles/2012-03-12/local-news/Interview:-Fort-St-Angelo---Bringing-An-icon-back-to-life-307095|title=Interview: Fort St Angelo - Bringing An icon back to life - The Malta Independent|website=www.independent.com.mt}}</ref>

By 1445 a Mariam [[confraternity]], one of the eldest in Maltese history, had its [[convent]] located at the site.<ref>{{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20160417171336/http://melitensiawth.com/incoming/Index/L-Imnara/L-Imnara.%2010(2012)1=36/05s.pdf p. 22]}}</ref> A middle-ages window was discovered during renovations. It is documented that this had been walled up soon after the arrival of the knights.<ref>{{cite journal|journal=Journal of Maltese Studies|last=Ellul|first=Michael|date=1988|title=Punti d'incontro nell' architettura a Malta e in Sicilia|url=https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/155235432.pdf|language=it|pages=189–196|volume=18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190502140133/https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/155235432.pdf|archive-date=2 May 2019}}</ref>

===Knights' period=== [[File:St Anne Chapel at Fort St. Angelo 11.jpg|thumb|St. Anne's Chapel]] When the [[Knights Hospitaller|Order of Saint John]] arrived in Malta in 1530, they chose to settle in [[Birgu]], when it was observed the site of Fort St Angelo was partially abandoned and in ruins.<ref>{{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20160416134550/http://melitensiawth.com/incoming/Index/Melita%20Historica/MH.02(1956-59)/MH.2(1956)1/orig05.pdf p. 22]}}</ref> After renovation it became the seat of the [[List of Grand Masters of the Knights Hospitaller|Grand Master]], which included the refurbishing of the Castellan's House and the [[Chapel of St Anne, Fort St Angelo|Chapel of St Anne]]. The Knights made this their primary fortification and substantially reinforced and remodelled it, including the cutting of the dry ditch to make it a moat and the D'Homedes Bastion built by 1536. By 1547, a large [[Cavalier (fortification)|cavalier]] designed by [[Antonio Ferramolino]] was built behind the D'Homedes Bastion, and De Guirial Battery was built at the tip of the fort by sea level to protect the entrance to Dockyard Creek. These works transformed the fort into a gunpowder fortification. Fort St Angelo withstood the [[Ottoman Empire|Turks]] during the [[Great Siege of Malta]], during which it succeeded in repulsing a sea attack by the Turks on Senglea on 15 August 1565.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Spiteri|first1=Stephen C.|title=Fort St Angelo during the Great Siege|url=http://www.militaryarchitecture.com/index.php/Fortifications/fort-st-angelo-during-the-great-siege.html|website=MilitaryArchitecture.com|access-date=16 September 2014|date=26 July 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170111231143/http://www.militaryarchitecture.com/index.php/Fortifications/fort-st-angelo-during-the-great-siege.html |archive-date=11 January 2017}}</ref> In the aftermath of that siege, the Knights built the fortified city of [[Valletta]] on Mount Sciberras on the opposite side of the Grand Harbour, and the administrative centre for the knights moved there.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Blouet|first=Brian W.|title=Town Planning in Malta, 1530-1798|journal=Town Planning Review|volume=35|issue=3|date=October 1964|page=183|publisher=[[Liverpool University Press]]|doi=10.3828/tpr.35.3.383v818680j843v8}}</ref>

{{CSS image crop |Image = Le Gouverneur de Fort St. Ange. Vue du palais Bighi et du dit Fort (NYPL b14896507-120283).tiff |bSize = 360 |cWidth = 220 |cHeight = 270 |oTop = 60 |oLeft = 40 |Location = right |Description = 18th century painting of the Hospitaller Governor of Fort St Angelo, with the fort itself in the background }}

In 1644, Giovanni de’ Medici proposed that a new fort be constructed on Orsi Point (the site where [[Fort Ricasoli]] was later built), and the name and garrison of Fort St. Angelo be transferred to the new fort. He drew up plans for the proposed fort, but they were never implemented.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Quintano|first1=Anton|title=Fortifications: Fort Ricasoli|journal=Heritage: An Encyclopedia of Maltese Culture and Civilization|volume=4|pages=1101–1107|publisher=Midsea Books Ltd}}</ref>

In the 1690s the fort again underwent major repairs. Today's layout of the fort is attributed to these works which were designed by [[Carlos de Grunenbergh]], who also paid for the construction of four gun batteries on the side of the fort facing the entrance to Grand Harbour. As a result, one can still see his coat of arms above the main gate of the fort.<ref name=interview/> When the French arrived in 1798, the fort had become a powerful fortification housing some 80 guns, 48 of which pointed towards the entrance of the port. During the short two-year period of [[French occupation of Malta|French occupation]], the Fort served as the headquarters of the French Army.

===British period=== With the coming of the British to Malta the fort retained its importance as a military installation, first in use by the Army as a Wireless Station.<ref>{{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20160416153519/http://melitensiawth.com/incoming/Index/Melita%20Historica/MH.02(1956-59)/MH.2(1957)2/orig02.pdf 71]}}</ref> In fact, in 1800, two battalions of the 35th Regiment were resident in the fort{{Citation needed|date=October 2017}}. However, at the start of the 20th century, the fort was taken over by the Navy and it was commissioned as a [[stone frigate]], originally in 1912 as [[HMS Egmont|HMS ''Egmont'']],<ref>{{cite web|title=Fort St Angelo|url=http://www.lonelyplanet.com/malta/vittoriosa/sights/military/fort-st-angelo|website=[[Lonely Planet]]|access-date=16 September 2014}}</ref> when it became a base for the Royal Navy in the [[Mediterranean]] and in 1933 renamed as HMS ''St Angelo''. The British did not make any major modifications to the fort, although they converted No. 2 Battery into a casemated battery for three [[RML 9 inch 12 ton gun|nine-inch RML guns]] in the 1860s, and built a cinema and a water distillation plant in the early 20th century.

During [[World War II]], the fort again withstood the siege with an armament of 3 [[Bofors 40 mm Automatic Gun L/60|Bofors gun]]s (manned by the [[Royal Marines]] and later by the [[Royal Malta Artillery]]). In total, the fort suffered 69 direct hits between 1940 and 1943. When the [[Royal Navy]] left Malta in 1979 the Fort was handed to the Maltese government and since then parts of the fort fell into a state of disrepair, mostly after a failed project to transform it into a hotel during the 1980s.

===Recent history=== [[File:Fort St. Angelo interior 02.jpg|thumb|500px|Panoramic view of the fort from D'Homedes Bastion after restoration]]

On 5 December 1998, a treaty was signed between Malta and the [[Sovereign Military Order of Malta]] granting the upper part of Fort St Angelo, including the Grand Master's House and the Chapel of St Anne, to the Order with limited [[extraterritoriality]].

This treaty was ratified on 1 November 2001.<ref>{{cite web|title=Agreement between the Government of Malta and the Government of the Sovereign Hospitalier Order of Saint John of Jerusalem, of Rhodes and of Malta for the restoration and utilisation of parts of Fort St. Angelo |url=http://www.mfa.gov.mt/TreatyDetails.aspx?id=464 |website=[[Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Malta)|Ministry of Foreign Affairs]] |access-date=16 September 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141119024832/http://www.mfa.gov.mt/TreatyDetails.aspx?id=464 |archive-date=19 November 2014 }}</ref> The agreement has a duration of 99 years but the document allows the Maltese Government to terminate it at any time after 50 years.<ref>{{cite web|title=The Order and its Institutions - Mission|url=http://www.orderofmalta.int/the-order-and-its-institutions/225/mission/?lang=en|website=[[Sovereign Military Order of Malta]]|access-date=26 December 2011|archive-date=20 July 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080720045346/http://www.orderofmalta.org/missione.asp?idlingua=5|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=After two centuries, the Order of Malta flag flies over Fort St. Angelo, beside the Maltese flag |url=http://www.orderofmalta.int/news/39146/after-two-centuries-the-order-of-malta-flag-flies-over-fort-st-angelo-beside-the-maltese-flag/?lang=en |access-date=16 September 2014 |work=[[Sovereign Military Order of Malta]] |date=13 March 2001 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131020195647/http://www.orderofmalta.int/news/39146/after-two-centuries-the-order-of-malta-flag-flies-over-fort-st-angelo-beside-the-maltese-flag/?lang=en |archive-date=20 October 2013 }}</ref> In terms of the agreement, the [[flag of Malta]] is to be flown together with the [[Flag and coat of arms of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta|flag of the Order]] in a prominent position over Saint Angelo. No asylum may be granted by the Order and generally the Maltese courts have full jurisdiction and Maltese law shall apply. A number of immunities and privileges are mentioned in the second bilateral treaty.

Other parts of the fort are leased to the Cottonera Waterfront Group, a private consortium.<ref>{{cite news|title=Heritage Malta wants to transform Fort St Angelo into a cultural experience|url=http://www.timesofmalta.com/articles/view/20100903/local/heritage-malta-wants-to-transform-fort-st-angelo-into-a-cultural-experience.325285|access-date=30 July 2011|work=[[Times of Malta]]|date=3 September 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Restoration of Fort St Angelo underway|url=http://www.militaryarchitecture.com/index.php/News/restoration-of-fort-st-angelo-underway.html|access-date=16 September 2014|work=Military Architecture|date=8 September 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160311154031/http://www.militaryarchitecture.com/index.php/News/restoration-of-fort-st-angelo-underway.html |archive-date=11 March 2016}}</ref> [[File:Fort St. Angelo interior 03.jpg|left|thumb|Interior of the fort after restoration]] On 5 March 2012, it was confirmed that the [[European Regional Development Fund]] allocated €13.4 million for the restoration, conservation and re-use of the site, allowing for the Fort to be opened as a major visitor attraction highlighting its history and roles through the ages as well as to cater for educational programs, cultural events and live historical experiences. The restoration was managed by [[Heritage Malta]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Funds available at last for Fort St Angelo restoration|url=http://www.timesofmalta.com/articles/view/20120305/local/funds-available-at-last-for-fort-st-angelo-restoration.409791|access-date=5 March 2012|work=[[Times of Malta]]|date=5 March 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Progress being made in Fort St Angelo restoration|url=http://www.timesofmalta.com/articles/view/20130402/local/progress-being-made-in-fort-st-angelo-restoration.463908|access-date=16 September 2014|work=[[Times of Malta]]|date=2 April 2013}}</ref> and completed in September 2015.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Micallef|first1=Mario|title=Fort St Angelo restoration completed|url=http://www.tvm.com.mt/en/news/jitlesta-r-restawr-tal-forti-santanglu/|work=[[TVM (Malta)|TVM]]|date=20 September 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160214164828/http://www.tvm.com.mt/en/news/jitlesta-r-restawr-tal-forti-santanglu/|archive-date=14 February 2016}}</ref> It frequently participates in hosting events of national importance including the [[Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting 2015]]<ref>{{cite news|title=UN chief to attend CHOGM|url=http://www.timesofmalta.com/articles/view/20150928/local/un-chief-to-attend-chogm.586134|access-date=29 September 2015|work=[[Times of Malta]]|date=28 September 2015}}</ref> and the 2017 Maltese EU presidency.

==Layout== [[File:Veduta del Forte Sant Angelo 02.jpg|thumb|View of Fort St. Angelo, with the four batteries constructed by Grunenburgh visible to the left.]]

Upon the arrival of the Order in 1530, the ''Castrum Maris'' consisted of a [[shell keep]] containing various buildings, including the Castellan's house and the Chapel of St. Mary (later rededicated to St. Anne), and an [[Outer bailey|outer ward]]. The castle also included a chapel dedicated to St. Angelo, which was later [[Church of Mary's Nativity within the Fort|rededicated to the Nativity of Our Lady]].<ref>{{cite web|last1=Scerri|first1=John|title=Birgu|url=http://www.malta-canada.com/churches-chapels/Birgu.htm|website=Malta-Canada.com|access-date=27 June 2015}}</ref>

By the time of the [[Great Siege of Malta]] of 1565, the fort still retained most of its medieval features, but a number of modifications had been made by the Order, including: *D'Homedes Bastion – built during the reign of [[Juan de Homedes y Coscon]]. It was heavily altered since the 16th century, especially when it was converted into a [[gunpowder magazine]]. Part of the bastion was destroyed in [[World War II]], but the damage was repaired in the 1990s.<ref>{{cite web|title=D'Homedes Bastion – Fort St Angelo|url=http://www.culturalheritage.gov.mt/filebank/inventory/Knights%20Fortifications/1480.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150714003041/http://www.culturalheritage.gov.mt/filebank/inventory/Knights%20Fortifications/1480.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-date=July 14, 2015|website=National Inventory of the Cultural Property of the Maltese Islands|access-date=13 July 2015|date=28 June 2013}}</ref> *Ferramolino's Cavalier – a high [[Cavalier (fortification)|cavalier]] near D'Homedes Bastion, built between 1542 and 1547.<ref name=deguiral/> Its roof had eight embrasures, and several magazines and a beacon were also located on the cavalier.<ref>{{cite web|title=Cavalier – Fort St Angelo|url=http://www.culturalheritage.gov.mt/filebank/inventory/Knights%20Fortifications/1481.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150714005329/http://www.culturalheritage.gov.mt/filebank/inventory/Knights%20Fortifications/1481.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-date=July 14, 2015|website=National Inventory of the Cultural Property of the Maltese Islands|access-date=13 July 2015|date=28 June 2013}}</ref> *De Guiral Battery – a small sea-level [[artillery battery|battery]] on the western side of the fort at the waterline.<ref>{{cite web|title=De Guiral Battery – Fort St Angelo|url=http://www.culturalheritage.gov.mt/filebank/inventory/Knights%20Fortifications/1492.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150713225002/http://www.culturalheritage.gov.mt/filebank/inventory/Knights%20Fortifications/1492.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-date=July 13, 2015|website=National Inventory of the Cultural Property of the Maltese Islands|access-date=13 July 2015|date=28 June 2013}}</ref> It was named after the Chevalier Francesco de Guiral, its commander during the Great Siege. The battery was altered in the 17th and 18th centuries, again by the British.<ref name=deguiral>{{cite web|title=De Guiral Battery spared a restaurant|url=http://www.militaryarchitecture.com/index.php/News/de-guiral-battery-spared-a-restaurant.html|website=MilitaryArchitecture.com|access-date=27 June 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101027113253/http://www.militaryarchitecture.com/index.php/News/de-guiral-battery-spared-a-restaurant.html|archive-date=27 October 2010|url-status=bot: unknown}}</ref>

Most of the present configuration of the fort dates back to reconstruction in the 1690s. Among the features added by Grunenbergh were four batteries facing the entrance to the Grand Harbour. No. 1, No. 2 and No. 4 Batteries were heavily altered by the British, while No. 3 Battery retains more of its original features.<ref>{{cite web|title=Sea-level (no1 ) battery – Fort St Angelo|url=http://www.culturalheritage.gov.mt/filebank/inventory/Knights%20Fortifications/1486.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150714005711/http://www.culturalheritage.gov.mt/filebank/inventory/Knights%20Fortifications/1486.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-date=July 14, 2015|website=National Inventory of the Cultural Property of the Maltese Islands|access-date=13 July 2015|date=28 June 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=No. 2. Battery – Fort St Angelo|url=http://www.culturalheritage.gov.mt/filebank/inventory/Knights%20Fortifications/1487.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150714003245/http://www.culturalheritage.gov.mt/filebank/inventory/Knights%20Fortifications/1487.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-date=July 14, 2015|website=National Inventory of the Cultural Property of the Maltese Islands|access-date=13 July 2015|date=28 June 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=No. 3 Battery – Fort St Angelo|url=http://www.culturalheritage.gov.mt/filebank/inventory/Knights%20Fortifications/1488.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150714011918/http://www.culturalheritage.gov.mt/filebank/inventory/Knights%20Fortifications/1488.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-date=July 14, 2015|website=National Inventory of the Cultural Property of the Maltese Islands|access-date=13 July 2015|date=28 June 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=No. 4 Battery – Fort St Angelo|url=http://www.culturalheritage.gov.mt/filebank/inventory/Knights%20Fortifications/1489.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150713235726/http://www.culturalheritage.gov.mt/filebank/inventory/Knights%20Fortifications/1489.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-date=July 13, 2015|website=National Inventory of the Cultural Property of the Maltese Islands|access-date=13 July 2015|date=28 June 2013}}</ref>

==Gallery== <gallery class="center" heights="120px" perrow="5"> File:Malta StAngelo two.jpg| West face of the seaward bastion File:Sudika Birgu San Angelo gate.jpg| Main Gate before renovation File:Malta StAngelo three.jpg| Inscription over the gate File:Fort St. Angelo interior 01.jpg|Private part of the fort dedicated to the [[Sovereign Military Order of Malta|SMOM]] File:Malta StAngelo four.jpg| Chapel of the Nativity of Our Lady </gallery>

==Other buildings and art== *[https://www.orderofmalta.int/wp-content/uploads/archive/pubblicazioni/TheTreasureoftheKnight.pdf Treasures of the Knights] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150605135858/http://www.orderofmalta.int/wp-content/uploads/archive/pubblicazioni/TheTreasureoftheKnight.pdf |date=2015-06-05 }}

==References== {{Reflist}}

==External links== {{Commons category|Fort St. Angelo}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20150518103820/http://www.culturalheritage.gov.mt/filebank/inventory/Knights%20Fortifications/1479.pdf National Inventory of the Cultural Property of the Maltese Islands] * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x3O7hG7dAgU Video showing the development of Fort St. Angelo from a medieval castle to a gunpowder fortress] * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ss4YnYZuspA Video showing a 3D model of Fort St. Angelo]

{{Forts in Malta}}{{SMOM territory}} {{Authority control}}

[[Category:Hospitaller fortifications in Malta|Saint Angelo]] [[Category:Forts in Malta|Saint Angelo]] [[Category:Royal Navy bases outside the United Kingdom|Saint Angelo]] [[Category:World War II sites in Malta]] [[Category:Buildings and structures in Birgu]] [[Category:Buildings and structures of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta]] [[Category:Limestone buildings in Malta]] [[Category:Defunct prisons in Malta]] [[Category:Castles in Malta]] [[Category:Military installations closed in 1979]] [[Category:National Inventory of the Cultural Property of the Maltese Islands]] [[Category:16th-century fortifications]] [[Category:17th-century fortifications]] [[Category:Sites managed by Heritage Malta]]