{{Short description|Polygonal fort in Żabbar, Malta}} {{Infobox military installation |name = Fort Leonardo |native_name = Il-Fortizza San Leonardu |location = Żabbar, Malta |image = Malta283.JPG |image_size = 300px |caption = Main gate of Fort Leonardo |type = Polygonal fort |coordinates = {{coord|35|52|40.1|N|14|33|34.9|E|display=inline|region:MT_type:landmark_source:GNS-enwiki}} |ownership = |controlledby = |open_to_public = No |site_area = {{convert|70000|m2|abbr=on}}<ref>{{cite web|title=The American University of Malta - Preliminary Alternative Sites Evaluation Report|url=https://opm.gov.mt/en/Documents/AUM/Preliminary%20Alternative%20Sites%20Evaluation%20Report.pdf|website=Office of the Prime Minister|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151116215006/https://opm.gov.mt/en/Documents/AUM/Preliminary%20Alternative%20Sites%20Evaluation%20Report.pdf|archivedate=16 November 2015|page=8|date=August 2015}}</ref> |built = 1872–1878 |used = 1878–1970s |builder = British Empire |materials = Limestone |height = |condition = Intact but neglected |battles = World War II }}

'''Fort Leonardo''' ({{langx|mt|Il-Fortizza San Leonardu}}), also known as '''Fort San Leonardo''' or '''Fort San Anard''', is a polygonal fort in Żabbar, Malta. It was built between 1872 and 1878 by the British between the villages of San Leonardo and Żonqor above the shore east of the Grand Harbour.

==History== Fort Leonardo was built between 1872 and 1878 by the British, as part of a programme of improvements to Malta's fortifications recommended in Colonel Jervois' Report of 1866. The fort was to be called '''Fort Tombrell''' but the name was changed to Fort Leonardo when construction began.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Formosa|first1=Christian|title=Colonel Jervois Report of 1866|url=http://www.maltamilitary.0catch.com/html/jervois_report.html|website=Malta Military|accessdate=31 December 2014|archive-date=17 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151117223615/http://www.maltamilitary.0catch.com/html/jervois_report.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>

Its layout is complicated, with a smaller inner fort forming one corner within the larger part of the fort that contains the gun emplacements. The fort was initially armed with 11 inch rifled muzzle-loading guns, which were later superseded by 9.2 inch breech loading guns.

In 1882, Żonqor Battery was built about a kilometre away from Fort Leonardo. The battery was manned by the gun crew and garrison stationed in Fort Leonardo.<ref>{{cite web|title=Marsaskala|url=http://www.douzelage.org/fileadmin/Documents/2009_Altea/ANNEX_K_Marsaskala.pdf|website=douzelage.org|accessdate=25 January 2015}}</ref>

Fort Leonardo was used for coastal defence in World War II. On 17 May 1942, the fort helped repel an attacks by at least four Italian E-boats.<ref>{{cite web|title=17 May 1942: Stealth E-Boat Attack Repulsed|url=http://maltagc70.wordpress.com/2012/05/17/17-may-1942-stealth-e-boat-attack-repulsed/|website=Malta: War Diary|accessdate=31 December 2014|date=17 May 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141231045751/http://maltagc70.wordpress.com/2012/05/17/17-may-1942-stealth-e-boat-attack-repulsed/|archive-date=31 December 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref>

The fort remained in use by the British military until the 1970s.

===Present day=== thumb|Interior of Fort Leonardo Fort Leonardo was rented to a cattle farmer in 1973 for an annual sum of €93, and was used as a farm until the early 2010s.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Debono|first1=James|title=Benghajsa fort to be returned to government|url=http://www.maltatoday.com.mt/news/national/14658/benghajsa-fort-to-be-returned-to-government|accessdate=31 December 2014|work=Malta Today|date=21 December 2011}}</ref>

The fort itself is still in reasonable repair, though a house has been built inside the ditch and the ditch in-filled to create an access. The seaward ditches are all in good repair. A modern construction, possibly a reservoir, alongside the shoreward side of the fort detracts from its original appearance, and the approach to the main gate has been mined for rubble and is substantially damaged.

In 2011, a 60-metre high communications tower of the telecommunications company GO was approved to be built on the glacis of the fort.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Debono|first1=James|title=60-metre communications tower set to rise from historic fort St Leonard|url=http://www.maltatoday.com.mt/news/national/12666/60-metre-communications-tower-set-to-rise-from-historic-fort-st-leonard|accessdate=25 January 2015|work=Malta Today|date=13 September 2011}}</ref>

In 2014, it was proposed that the fort would be turned into a boutique hotel. Din l-Art Ħelwa said that the fort should be restored, but its military context should not be lost as was done with Cambridge Battery on Tigné Point.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Muscat|first1=Caroline|title=Hotels an excuse for 'Buġibba in south'|url=http://www.timesofmalta.com/articles/view/20141108/local/Hotels-an-excuse-for-Bu-ibba-in-south-.543080|accessdate=25 January 2015|work=Times of Malta|date=8 November 2014}}</ref>

In 2015, the government made a proposal to include Fort Leonardo in the campus of the American University of Malta, which was to open in 2016, on the condition that the fort is rehabilitated and opened to the public.<ref>{{cite news|title=Fort San Leonardo may be incorporated in new university campus|url=http://www.timesofmalta.com/articles/view/20150505/local/update-3-fort-san-leonardo-may-be-incorporated-in-new-university.566883|accessdate=5 May 2015|work=Times of Malta|date=5 May 2015}}</ref> This proposal was not implemented, as the campus was split up between Dock No. 1 in Cospicua and Żonqor Point in Marsaskala.<ref>{{cite news|title='American' University to occupy Dock 1 buildings and reduced Zonqor site|url=http://www.timesofmalta.com/articles/view/20150820/local/update-3-american-university-to-occupy-dock-1-buildings-and-reduced.581335|accessdate=20 August 2015|work=Times of Malta|date=20 August 2015}}</ref>

In May 2015, opposition MP Jason Azzopardi also proposed that the site should be opened for the public.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.timesofmalta.com/articles/view/20150503/environment/End-of-the-line-for-land-squatters-.566609|title = End of the line for land squatters?}}</ref>

==References== {{commons category}} {{reflist}}

{{Forts in Malta}}

Leonardo Category:Military installations established in 1878 Category:Żabbar Leonardo Category:World War II sites in Malta Category:Limestone buildings in Malta Category:Military installations closed in the 1970s Category:19th-century fortifications