List of former sovereign states

{{Short description|none}} A '''historical sovereign state''' is a [[Sovereign state|state]] that once existed, but has since been dissolved due to conflict, war, rebellion, annexation, or uprising. This page lists [[sovereign state]]s, [[country|countries]], [[nation]]s, or [[empire]]s that ceased to exist as political entities sometime after 1453, grouped geographically and by constitutional nature.{{NoteTag|The asserted [[sovereignty]] of some states listed here was generally unrecognized; the [[list of historical unrecognized states and dependencies]] article may contain further information regarding such states.}}

==Criteria for inclusion== The criteria for inclusion in this list are similar to that of the [[list of states with limited recognition]]. To be included here, a polity must have claimed statehood and either: * had de facto control over a territory, a population, a government, a capacity to enter into relations with other states, or * have been recognised as a state by at least one other state.

This is not a list for all variant governments of a state, nor is it a list of variations of countries' official long form name. For purposes of this list, the cutoff between medieval and early modern states is the [[fall of Constantinople]] in 1453.

==Ancient and medieval states== * [[Copper Age state societies|List of Copper Age states]] * [[List of Bronze Age states]] * [[List of Iron Age states]] * [[List of Classical Age states]] * [[List of states during Late Antiquity]] * [[List of states during the Middle Ages]]

==Modern states and territories by geography== ===Africa=== {{See also|List of kingdoms in Africa throughout history}} {{See also|List of African Great Lakes kingdoms}} {{Contradicts other|date=June 2013|1=List of pre-modern states}} ====Morocco (Maghreb al-Aqsa)==== * [[File:Emblem of Marinid Sultanate.svg|border|20x20px]] [[Marinid Sultanate]] (1244–1465) * [[Principality of Debdou]] (1430–1563) * [[File:Wattasid dynasty flag.png|border|21x21px]] [[Wattasid dynasty]] (1472–1549) * [[File:Saadi flag.svg|border|22x22px]] [[Saadi Sultanate]] (1510–1649) * [[Tétouan|Naqsid Principality of Tetouan]] (1597–1673) * [[Kingdom of Tazeroualt]] (c. 17^th century–c. 20^th century) * [[File:Flag of the Republic of Salé (1624-1668).svg|20px|border]] [[Republic of Salé]] (1627–1668) * [[File:Flag of Morocco (1666–1915) second variant.svg|border|20x20px]] [['Alawi dynasty]] (1631–1912) * [[Zawiya Dila'iya]] (1637–1668) * [[Alawi Sultanate|Sharifian Sultanate]] (1666–1912) * [[Zaian Confederation]] (1914–1921) * [[File:Flag of the Republic of the Rif.svg|20px|border]] [[Republic of the Rif]] (1921–1926)

====Egypt, Sudan and Libya==== * [[File:The flag of the 'Kingdom of Dongola' (Makuria) in the "Book of all kingdoms" (C. 1350).svg|20px|border]] [[Makuria]] (5^th century–1518) * [[File:Possible Flag of the Kingdom of Alodia (c. 1350).svg|20px|border]] [[Alodia]] (6^th century–1504) * [[Kingdom of al-Abwab]] (13^th century–15^th/16^th century?) * [[File:Kingdom of banu talis flag.png|border|20x20px]] [[Emirate of Banu Talis]] (1228 – 1551) * [[File: Mameluke Flag.svg|20px|border]] [[Mamluk Sultanate]] (1250–1517) * [[File:Flag of the Shilluk.svg|20px|border]] [[Shilluk Kingdom]] (15^th century–1861) * [[Kingdom of Fazughli]] ({{circa|1500}}–1685) * [[File:Royal Funj "wasm" (branding mark).png|31x31px]] [[Sennar (sultanate)|Sultanate of Sennar]] (1504–1821) * [[File:Flag of Egypt (1844-1867).svg|20px|border]] [[Egypt Eyalet]] (1517–1867) * [[File:Flag of Fezzan-Ghadames.svg|border|22x22px]] [[Awlad Muhammad|Fezzan Sultanate]] (1550–1812) * [[File:Flag of Darfur Liberation Front.svg|border|23x23px]] [[Sultanate of Darfur]] (1603–1874/1898–1916) * [[Taqali]] (1750–1969) * Mamluk beylicate (c. 1760–1798) * [[File:Flag of the Senussi Dynasty.svg|20px|border]] [[Sanusiyya|Senussi Order]] (1837–1932) * [[File:Flag of the Mahdi movement in Sudan.svg|20px|border]] [[Mahdist State]] (1885–1899) * [[File:Flag of the Tripolitanian Republic (Fictional).svg|20px|border]] [[Tripolitanian Republic]] (1918–1922) * [[Sultanate of Mit Ghamr]] (1919) * [[File:Flag_of_Egypt_(1922-1958).svg|20px|border|Flag of Egypt (1922–1953)]] [[Kingdom of Egypt]] (1922-1953) * [[File:Flag of Cyrenaica.svg|20px|border]] [[Emirate of Cyrenaica]] (1949–1951) * [[File:Flag of the United Arab Republic (1958–1971), Flag of Syria (1980–2024).svg|20px|border]] [[United Arab Republic]] (1958–1971) * [[File:Flag of Libya (1972–1977).svg|20px|border]] [[History_of_Libya_under_Muammar_Gaddafi#Libyan_Arab_Republic|Libyan Arab Republic]] (1969–1977) * [[File:Flag of Libya (1977–2011).svg|20px|border]] [[History_of_Libya_under_Muammar_Gaddafi#Great_Socialist_People's_Libyan_Arab_Jamahiriya_(1977–2011)|Great Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya]] (1977–2011) * [[File:Flag of Jihad.svg|20px|border]] [[Imbaba#Siege_of_Imbaba|Emirate of Imbaba]] (1989–1992)

====Algeria and Tunisia (Central Maghreb)==== * [[File:Hafsid Flag - Tunisia.svg|20px|border]] [[Hafsid dynasty]] (1229–1574) * [[File:Dz tlem2.png|20px|border]] [[Kingdom of Tlemcen]] (1235–1556) * [[File:Flag of Béjaïa (14th century).svg|20px|border]] [[Hafsids of Béjaïa|Hafsid Emirate of Béjaïa]] (1285–1510) * [[Sultanate of Tuggurt]] (1414–1871) * [[File:Drapeau Royaume Ait Abbas (Beni Abbès).svg|20px|border]] [[Kingdom of Beni Abbas]] (1510–1871) * [[File:Flag Kingdom of Kuku.svg|20px|border]] [[Kingdom of Kuku]] (1515–1638) * {{flagicon image|Flag of Algiers.jpg}} [[Ottoman Algeria|Regency of Algiers]] (1516–1830) * [[File:Flag in 811 according to the chronicle by Constantine Manasses (12th c.).svg|border|23x23px]] [[Beylik of Constantine]] (1528–1837) * {{Flag|Beylik of Tunis}} (1705–1881) * [[Kel Ahaggar]] (1750–1977) * [[File:Flag of the Emirate of Mascara.svg|20px|border]] [[Emirate of Abdelkader|Emirate of Mascara]] (1832–1847)

==== Comoro Islands ==== * [[File:Flag of Anjouan (1997-2012).svg|20px|border]] [[Anjouan#Early and colonial history|Sultanate of Ndzuwani]] (15^th century–1912) * [[File:Flag of the Mwali Sultanate.svg|20px|border]] [[Mohéli|Sultanate of Mwali]] (19^th century–1912) * [[File:Flag of the Comoros (1975–1978).svg|20px|border]] [[Ali Soilih|Ali Soilih Regime]] (1976–1978) * [[File:Flag of Anjouan (official).svg|20px|border]] [[Anjouan|State of Anjouan]] (1997–2002, 2007–2008) * [[File:Flag of Mohéli.svg|20px|border]] [[Mohéli|State of Mohéli]] (1997–1998)

==== Madagascar ==== * [[File:Flag of the Merina Kingdom.svg|20px|border]] [[Kingdom of Imerina]] (1540–1897) * [[File:Flag of the Antankarana Kingdom.svg|20px|border]] [[Antankarana|Kingdom of Antankarana]] (1614?–1843/1895) * [[File:Flag of the Menabe Kingdom.svg|20px|border]] [[Menabe|Kingdom of Menabe]] ({{circa|1685}}–1834) * [[File:Flag of the Boina Kingdom.svg|20px|border]] [[Boina Kingdom|Kingdom of Boina]] ({{circa|1690}}–1840) * [[File:Flag of the Tamatave Kingdom (1750-1819).svg|20px|border]] [[Tamatave|Kingdom of Tamatave]] (1712–1828) * [[File:Flag of the Antongila Kingdom (1773-1786).svg|20px|border]] [[Maurice Benyovszky#First expedition to Madagascar|Kingdom of Antongil]] (1773–1786) * [[File:Flag of the Tanibe Kingdom (1822-1828).svg|20px|border]] [[Tanibe|Kingdom of Tanibe]] (1822–1828)

====Sub-Saharan Africa==== * [[File:Bornu flag.tif|20px|border]] [[Bornu Empire]] ({{circa|1380}}–1893) * [[File:Flag of the Shilluk.svg|20px|border]] [[Shilluk Kingdom]] (15^th century–1861) * [[Kingdom of Baguirmi]] (1480/1522–1897) * [[File:Wadai.png|border|20x20px]] [[Wadai Empire]] (1501–1912)

==== Horn of Africa ==== * [[Sultanate of Mogadishu]] (10^th century–16^th Century) * [[Medri Bahri]] ({{circa|1137}}–1879) * [[Hadiya Sultanate]] (13^th century–15^th century) * [[File:Muzzaffar (Mogadishu area) flag according to 1576 Portuguese map.svg|20px|border]] [[Ajuran Sultanate]] (13^th/14^th century–17^th century) * [[Kingdom of Wolaita|Welayta Kingdom]] (c.1251–1896) * [[File:Flag of Ethiopia (1897–1974).svg|border|21x21px]] [[Ethiopian Empire]] (1270–1974) * [[Ennarea]] (14^th century–{{circa|1710}}) * [[Kingdom of Kaffa]] ({{circa|1390}}–1897) * [[Kingdom of Janjero]] (c. 15^th century–1894) * [[File:Red flag.svg|20px|border]] [[Majeerteen Sultanate]] (15^th/16^th century–1927) * [[File:Flag of Adal Sultanate.svg|20px|border]] [[Adal Sultanate]] (1415–1559) * [[File:Red flag.svg|20px|border]] [[Imamate of Aussa]] (1577–1734) * [[Warsangali Sultanate]] (1613–1920) * [[Emirate of Harar]] (1647–1887) * [[Sultanate of the Geledi]] (1695–1911) * [[File:Red flag.svg|20px|border]] [[Aussa Sultanate]] (1734–1936) * [[File:Isaaq Flag.svg|20px|border]] [[Isaaq Sultanate]] (1750–1884) * [[Habr Yunis Sultanate]] ({{circa|1769}}–1907) * [[Kingdom of Gumma]] ({{circa|1770}}–1902) * [[Kingdom of Gomma]] ({{circa|1780}}–1886) * [[Kingdom of Jimma]] (1790–1932) * [[Kingdom of Limmu-Ennarea]] (1801–1891) * [[Kingdom of Gera]] (1835–1887) * [[File:Red flag.svg|20px|border]] [[Sultanate of Hobyo]] (1878–1927) * {{flagicon image|Dervish Somali flag.png}} [[The Dervish State]] (1899–1920) * [[Western Galla Confederation]] (1936) * [[File:Flag of Jubaland.svg|20px|border]] [[Jubaland]] (1998–2001) * [[File:Flag of Puntland.svg|20px|border]] [[Puntland]] (1998–2004) * [[File:Flag of Jihad.svg|20px|border]] [[Islamic Courts Union]] (2006) * [[File:Flag of Maakhir 2008.svg|20px|border]] [[Maakhir]] (2007–2009) * [[File:Flag of Azania.svg|20px|border]] [[Azania (Somalia)|Republic of Azania]] (2011–2013) * [[File:Flag of Khaatumo State of Somalia.svg|20px|border]] [[North East State of Somalia|Khatumo State]] (2012–2017) * [[File:Flag of South West State of Somalia.svg|20px|border]] [[South West State of Somalia|South West State]] (2026)

==== Western Africa ==== * [[Kingdom of Nri]] (9^th century–1911) * [[Mossi Kingdoms|Mossi States]] (11^th century–1897) ** [[List of rulers of the Gurma Mossi state of Macakoali|Macakoali]] (11^th century-1897) ** [[List of rulers of the Gurma Mossi state of Piela|Piela]] (11^th century-1897) ** [[List of rulers of the Gurma Mossi state of Bilanga|Bilanga]] (11^th century–1897) ** [[List of rulers of the Gurma Mossi state of Con|Con]] (11^th-13^th century–1896) ** [[List of rulers of the Mossi state of Tenkodogo|Tenkodogo]] ({{circa|1120}}–1897) ** [[List of rulers of the Gurma Mossi state of Bilayanga|Bilayanga]] (1182–1897) ** [[List of rulers of the Mossi state of Wogodogo|Wogodogo]] (1182?–1897) ** [[List of rulers of the Gurma Mossi state of Nungu|Nungu]] (1204–1895) ** [[List of rulers of the Mossi state of Yatenga|Yatenga]] (15^th century–1895) ** [[List of rulers of the Gurma Mossi state of Bongandini|Bongandini]] (16^th century–1897) ** [[Gwiriko|Gwiriko Kingdom]] (1714–1897) ** [[List of rulers of Liptako|Liptako]] (1718–1897, fully disestablished 1963) ** [[List of rulers of the Mossi state of Gurunsi|Gurunsi]] ({{circa|1870}}–1899) * [[Bono state|Bonoman]] (11^th century–20^th century) * [[File:Unidentified West African flag.svg|border|24x24px]] [[Kingdom of Benin]] (1180–1897) * [[File:Flag of the Mali Empire.svg|border|25x25px]] [[Mali Empire]] ({{circa|1230}}–1672) * [[Bambara Empire]] (1712–1861) * [[Ségou Empire]] (1712–1861) * [[Kingdom of Dagbon]] ({{circa|1250}}–1899?) * [[Mankessim Kingdom]] (1252–1844) * [[Waalo|Kingdom of Waalo]] (1287–1855) * [[Oyo Empire]] ({{circa|1300}}–1896) * [[File:Flag of the Songhai Empire.jpg|border|23x23px]] [[Songhai Empire]] ({{circa|1340}}–1591) * [[Jolof Empire]] (1350–1549) * [[Sultanate of Agadez]] (1449–1900) * [[Gyaaman]] ({{circa|1450}}–1895) * [[Empire of Great Fulo]] (Denanke Kingdom) [1490–1776] * [[Saloum|Kingdom of Saloum]] (1494–1864, fully disestablished 1969) * [[Fante Confederacy]] (16^th century–1873) * [[Denkyira]] ({{circa|1500}}–1701) * [[Kwararafa Confederacy]] ({{circa|1500|1840}}) * [[Kingdom of Sine]] (c. 1520–1867, fully disestablished 1969) * [[Kaabu]] (1537–1867) * [[File:Flag Of Cayor2.png|20px|border]] [[Cayor|Kingdom of Cayor]] (1549–1879) * [[Kingdom of Jolof]] (1549–1875) * [[Baol|Kingdom of Baol]] (1555–1895) * [[Kingdom of Whydah]] ({{circa|1580}}–1727) * [[Emirate of Tagant]] (1581–1905) * [[Khasso]] (17^th century–19^th century) * [[Solimana (state)|Solimana]] (17^th century–1869) * [[Emirate of Brakna]] ({{circa|1600}}–1904) * [[File:Flag of Ghezo of Dahomey.svg|20px|border]] [[Dahomey|Kingdom of Dahomey]] ({{circa|1600}}–1904) * [[Emirate of Trarza]] (1640–1902) * [[File:Flag of Ashanti.svg|20px|border]] [[Asante Empire]] (1670/1701–1902, still exists as a region) * [[File:Flag of the Aro Confederacy.svg|20px|border]] [[Aro Confederacy]] (1690–1902) * [[Bundu (state)|Bundu]] (1690–1858) * [[Kong Empire]] (1710–1898) * [[File:Flag of the Mali Empire.svg|border|21x21px]] [[Bamana Empire]] (1712–1861) * [[File:Flag of the Imamate of Futa Djallon (pre-1896).svg|20px|border]] [[Imamate of Futa Jallon]] (1725–1912) * [[Imamate of Futa Toro]] (1725–1861) * [[Sultanate of Damagaram]] (1731–1851) * [[File:Flag of the Sokoto Caliphate.svg|20px|border]] [[Sokoto Caliphate]] (1804–1903) * [[File:Flag of the Republic of Maryland.svg|20px|border]] [[Republic of Maryland]] (1854–1857) * [[Zabarma Emirate]] (1860–1897) * [[Toucouleur Empire]] (1861–1890) * [[File:Possible Flag of the Wassoulou Empire.svg|21px|border]] [[Wassoulou Empire]] (1878–1898) * [[File:Flag of Benin.svg|20px|border]] [[Republic of Dahomey]] (1958–1975) * [[File:Flag of Upper Volta.svg|20px|border]] [[Republic of Upper Volta]] (1958–1984) * [[File:Flag of Cameroon (1961–1975).svg|20px|border]] [[Cameroon#Independence|Federal Republic of Cameroon]] (1961–1975) * [[File:Flag of the Union of African States (1961–1962).svg|20px|border]] [[Union of African States]] (1961–1963) * [[File:Flag of the union of the Niger delta Republic.jpg|20px|border]] [[Isaac_Adaka_Boro#Niger_Delta_revolt|Niger Delta Republic]] (1966) * [[File:Flag of Biafra.svg|20px|border]] [[Biafra]] (1967–1970) ** [[File:Flag of the Republic of Benin.svg|20px|border]] [[Republic of Benin (1967)|Republic of Benin]] (September 19, 1967 – September 20, 1967) * [[File:Flag of Benin (1975–1990).svg|20px|border]] [[People's Republic of Benin]] (1975–1990) * [[File:Flag of the Democratic Republic of Bakassi.svg|20px|border]] [[Bakassi Movement for Self-Determination|Democratic Republic of Bakassi]] (2006) * [[Tuareg rebellion (2007–2009)|Republic of Toumoujagha]] (2007) * [[File:MNLA flag.svg|20px|border]] [[Azawad]] (2012–2013)

==== African Great Lakes ==== * [[File:Flag of Busoga (royal standard).png|20px|border]] [[Busoga]] (?–1906, still exists as traditional kingdom) * [[Kingdom of Rwanda]] (11^th century–1885, fully disestablished 1962) * [[File:Flag of Bunyoro, Uganda.svg|20px|border]] [[Bunyoro]] (13^th century–1897, still exists as traditional kingdom) * [[File:Flag of Buganda (1892).svg|20px|border]] [[Buganda]] (14^th century–1894, still exists as traditional kingdom) * [[Kingdom of Karagwe]] (1450–1963) * [[File:Flag of Ankole.svg|20px|border]] [[Ankole]] (1478–1901, fully disestablished 1967) * [[File:Flag of Burundi (1962–1966).svg|20px|border]] [[Kingdom of Burundi]] (1680–1890/1962–1966) * [[File:Flag of the Tooro Kingdom.svg|20px|border]] [[Tooro Kingdom]] (1830–1876, still exists as traditional kingdom) * [[File:Rwenzururu Flag (1962–1982).svg|20px|border]] [[Rwenzururu movement|Kingdom of Rwenzururu]] (1962–1982) * [[File:Flag of Martyazo.svg|20px|border]] [[Martyazo|Republic of Martyazo]] (1972)

==== Eastern Africa ==== * [[Malindi Kingdom]] (9^th century–15^th century) * [[File:Flag_used_in_the_east_coast_of_Tanzania_according_to_a_Portuguese_1576_map.svg|20px|border]] [[Kilwa Sultanate]] (957–1513) * [[List of rulers of Pate|Pate Sultanate]] (1203–1870) * [[Maravi|Kingdom of Maravi]] ({{circa|1480}}–1891) * [[List of rulers of Mombasa|Mombasa Sultanate]] (1502–1887, fully disestablished 1963) * [[File:Flag of the Sultanate of Zanzibar (1963).svg|20px|border]] [[Sultanate of Zanzibar]] (pre–1503/4, 1856–1890, 1963–1964) * [[File:Flag of the Witu Protectorate (1893-1920).svg|20px|border]] [[Wituland|Witu Sultanate]] ({{circa|1810}}–1905/1923) * [[File:Sultanate of M'Simbati flag.svg|20px|border]] [[Sultanate of M'Simbati]] (1959) * [[File:Flag of Tanganyika (1961–1964).svg|20px|border]] [[Tanganyika (1961–1964)|Tanganyika]] (1961–1964) ** [[File:Flag of Zanzibar (January-April 1964).svg|20px|border]] [[People's Republic of Zanzibar]] (1964)

====Central Africa==== * [[Anziku Kingdom]] (?–19^th century) * [[File:Flag of the Kingdom of Kongo according to Giovanni Cavazzi da Montecuccolo.svg|20px|border]] [[Kingdom of Kongo]] (1390–1914) * [[File:Royal Banner of the Kingdom of Kakongo (c. 1883).svg|20px|border]] [[Kingdom of Kakongo]] (pre-13^th century–1885) * [[Kingdom of Ndongo]] (16^th century–1671) * [[File:Flag of the Kingdom of Loango.svg|20px|border]] [[Kingdom of Loango]] ({{circa|1550|1883}}) * [[Kingdom of Luba]] (1585–1889) * [[Yaka people#Exodus to Kwango Region and establishment of the Yaka kingdom|Yaka Kingdom]] (17^th century–18^th century) * [[Kingdom of Lunda]] ({{circa|1600}}–1887) * [[Kasanje Kingdom]] (1620–1910) * [[Kuba Kingdom]] (1625–1884) * [[Kingdom of Matamba]] (1631–1744) * [[File:Flag of the Mbunda Kingdom.png|border|26x26px]] [[Mbunda Kingdom]] (1700–1914) * [[Kazembe#Pre-colonial history|Kazembe Kingdom]] (c. 1740–1894) * [[Chokwe people#History|Chokwe Kingdom]] (19^th century–1930) * [[Yeke Kingdom]] (1856–1891) * [[File:Flag of the Congo Free State.svg|border|20x20px]] [[International Association of the Congo]] (1879–1885) * [[Tippu Tip's state|Sultanate of Utetera]] (1860–1894) * [[File:Flag of the Congo Free State.svg|20px|border]] [[Congo Free State]] (1885–1908) * [[File:Flag of Katanga.svg|20px|border]] [[State of Katanga]] (1960–1963) * [[File:Flag of South Kasai.svg|20px|border]] [[South Kasai]] (1960–1962) * [[File:Flag of the Party of the People's Revolution.svg|20px|border]] [[Maquis of Fizi]] (1967–1986) * [[File:Flag of the People's Republic of the Congo.svg|20px|border]] [[People's Republic of the Congo]] (1969–1992) * [[File:Flag of Zaire (1971–1997).svg|20px|border]] [[Republic of Zaire]] (1971–1997) * [[File:Flag of Cabinda (FLEC propose).svg|20px|border]] [[Republic of Cabinda]] (1975–1976, 1999) * [[File:Imperial Standard of Bokassa I (1976–1979).svg|20px|border]] [[Central African Empire]] (1976–1979) * [[File:Flag of Dar El Kuti Republic.svg|20px|border]] [[Republic of Logone]] (2015–2021)

====Southern Africa==== * [[File:Coat of arms granted in 1569 by the King of Portugal to Monomatapa.svg|20px|border]] [[Kingdom of Mutapa]] (1430–1760) * [[Kingdom of Butua]] (1450–{{circa|1683}}) * [[Lozi Kingdom]] (17^th century–{{circa|1840}}, 1864–1899) * [[Rozvi Empire]] (1660–1889) * [[Gciriku]] (1780–1894) * [[Mthethwa Paramountcy|Mthethwa Empire]] ({{circa|1780}}–1817) * [[File:Flag of the Netherlands.svg|20px|border]] [[Republic of Graaff-Reinet|Graaff-Reinet]] (1795–1796) * [[File:Flag of the Netherlands.svg|20px|border]] [[Republic of Swellendam|Swellendam]] (1795) * [[File:FlagGriekwalandEast.svg|20px|border]] [[Griqualand West]] (1813) * [[File:Zulu flag.svg|border|21x21px]] [[Zulu Kingdom]] (1816–1897) * [[Mthwakazi|Kingdom of Mthwakazi]] (1823–1894) *[[Gaza Empire]] (1824–1895) * [[File:Voortrekker flag.svg|20px|border]] [[Potchefstroom|Potchefstroom Republic]] (1830–1838) * [[File:Voortrekker flag.svg|20px|border]] [[Winburg|Winburg Republic]] (1836–1838) * [[Matabeleland|Ndebele Kingdom]] (1837–1840) * [[File:Voortrekker flag.svg|20px|border]] [[Potchefstroom|Republic of Winburg-Potchefstroom]] (1838) * [[File:Flag of Natalia Republic.svg|20px|border]] [[Natalia Republic]] (1839–1843) * [[File:Voortrekker flag.svg|20px|border]] [[Ohrigstad|Andries-Ohringstad Republic]] (1845–1849) * [[File:South African Burgers Flag.svg|20px|border]] [[Republic of Zoutpansberg]] (1849–1864) * [[File:Flag of Transvaal.svg|20px|border]] [[South African Republic]] (Transvaal) [1852–1877, 1881–1902] * [[File:Flag of the Orange Free State.svg|20px|border]] [[Orange Free State]] (1854–1902) * [[File:Flag of the Netherlands.svg|20px|border]] [[Utrecht, South Africa|Utrecht Republic]] (1854–1858) * [[File:Flag of the Netherlands.svg|20px|border]] [[Lydenburg|Lydenburg Republic]] (1856–1860) * [[File:FlagGriekwalandEast.svg|20px|border]] [[Griqualand East]] (1862–1874) * [[File:Flag of the Diggers Republic.svg|20px|border]] [[Stafford Parker|Klipdrift Republic]] (1870–1871) * [[File:Flag of Rehoboth-Basterland.svg|20px|border]] [[Free Republic of Rehoboth]] (1872–1990) * [[File:Flag of the Republic of Goshen.svg|20px|border]] [[State of Goshen]] (1882–1883) * [[File:Flag of Stellaland.svg|20px|border]] [[Stellaland|Republic of Stellaland]] (1882–1885) ** [[File:Flag of Stellaland (1883-5).svg|20px|border]] [[United States of Stellaland]] (1883–1885) * [[File:Flag of Nieuwe Republiek.svg|20px|border]] [[Nieuwe Republiek]] (1884–1888) * [[File:Flag of Germany (1867–1919).svg|20px|border]] [[Upingtonia|Republic of Upingtonia]] (1885–1887) * [[File:Flag of Klein Vrystaat - 2.svg|20px|border]] [[Klein Vrystaat]] (1886–1891) * [[File:Flag of South Africa (1928-1982).svg|20px|border]] [[Union of South Africa]] (1910–1961) * {{Flagcountry|Rhodesia}} (1965–1979) ** {{flagcountry|Zimbabwe Rhodesia}} (1979) * [[File:Flag of Transkei.svg|20px|border]] [[Transkei]] (1976–1994) * [[File:Flag of Bophuthatswana (1972–1994).svg|20px|border]] [[Bophuthatswana]] (1977–1994) * [[File:Flag of Venda (1973–1994).svg|20px|border]] [[Venda (Bantustan)|Venda]] (1979–1994) * [[File:Flag of Ciskei.svg|20px|border]] [[Ciskei]] (1981–1994)

===Asia=== ====Central Asia==== * {{Flagicon image|Flag_of_the_Chagatai_Khanate.svg}} [[Chagatai Khanate]] (1225–1680) * [[Moghulistan]] (1347–1462) * [[Uzbek Khanate]] (1428–1471) * [[Nogai Horde]] (1440–1634) * [[File:Flag of the Kazakh Khanate.svg|border|22x22px]] [[Kazakh Khanate]] (1465–1848) * [[Khanate of Bukhara]] (1506–1785) * {{flagicon image|Flag of the Khanate of Khiva.svg}} [[Khanate of Khiva]] (1511–1920) * [[Yarkent Khanate]] (1514–1705) * [[Dzungar Khanate]] (1634–1755) * [[File:Flag of the Khanate of Kokand.svg|border|24x24px]] [[Khanate of Kokand]] (1709–1868) * {{Flagicon image|Flag_of_the_Emirate_of_Bukhara.svg}} [[Emirate of Bukhara]] (1785–1873) * [[Bukey Horde]] (1801–1849) * [[File:Flag of Yettishar (1873-1877).svg|20px|border]] [[Yettishar|Kashgar Emirate]] (1864–1877) * {{Flagicon image|Proposed Flag of the Alash Autonomy (horizontal).svg}} [[Alash Autonomy]] (1917–1918) * {{flagicon image|Flag of the Turkestan (Kokand) Autonomy.svg}} [[Turkestan Autonomy]] (1917–1918) * {{flagicon image|Confederated Republic of Altai Flag.svg}} [[Karakorum Government|Confederated Republic of Altai]] (1918–1920) * {{flagicon image|Flag of the Bukharan People's Soviet Republic.svg}} [[Bukharan People's Soviet Republic]] (1920–1925) * {{flagicon image|Flag of Khiva 1920-1923.svg}} [[Khorezm People's Soviet Republic]] (1920–1925) * {{flag|First East Turkestan Republic}} (1933–1934) * {{flag|Second East Turkestan Republic}} (1944–1949)

====East Asia==== * In [[China]]: ** [[File:Fictitious Ming Flag.jpg|border|20x20px]] [[Ming dynasty]] (1368–1644) ** [[Xi dynasty]] (1643–1647) ** [[Southern Ming]] (1644–1662) ** [[Shun dynasty]] (1644–1646) ** [[File:Flag of China (1889–1912).svg|20px|border]] [[Qing dynasty]] (1644–1912) ** [[File:Seal of the Taiping heavenly kingdom.svg|20px|border]] [[Taiping Heavenly Kingdom]] (1851–1864) ** [[File:Flag of the Ta Han Szechuan Military Government.svg|20px|border]] [[Great Han Sichuan Military Government]] (1911–1912) ** [[File:Flag of the Republic of China.svg|23px|border]] [[Republic of China (1912–1949)|Republic of China]] (based on [[mainland China]] 1912–1949; [[Republic of China retreat to Taiwan|continued existence]] on Taiwan since 1949) ** [[File:Flag of the Empire of China (1915–1916).svg|20px|border]] [[Empire of China (1915–1916)|Empire of China]] (1915–1916) ** {{flagicon image|Flag of the Chinese Communist Party (Pre-1996).svg}} [[Guangzhou Uprising|Guangzhou Commune]] (1927) ** {{flagicon image|Flag of the Chinese Communist Party (Pre-1996).svg}} [[Autumn Harvest Uprising|Hunan Soviet]] (1927) ** [[File:National Flag of Chinese Soviet Republic.svg|20px|border]] [[Hunan Soviet]] in a continental Chinese province (1927) ** {{flagicon image|中國工農紅軍軍旗.svg}} [[Communist-controlled China (1927–1949)|Soviet Zone of China]] (1927–1949) ** [[File:Chinese soviet flag.svg|25x25px]] [[Jiangxi–Fujian Soviet]] (1931–1934) ** [[File:National Flag of Chinese Soviet Republic.svg|20px|border]] [[Chinese Soviet Republic|Jiangxi Soviet]] (1931–1937) ** {{flagicon image|Flag of Fujian People's Government.svg}} [[People's Revolutionary Government of the Republic of China]] (1933–1934) ** [[File:Flag of China (1912–1928).svg|20px|border]] [[East Hebei Autonomous Government]] (1935–1938) ** [[File:Flag of China (1912–1928).svg|20px|border]] [[Provisional Government of the Republic of China (1937–1940)|Provisional Government of the Republic of China]] (1937–1940) ** {{flagicon image|Flag of China (1912–1928).svg}} [[Reformed Government of the Republic of China]] (1937–1940) ** [[File:Flag of the Great Way Municipal Government of Shanghai.svg|20px|border]] [[Great Way Government|Shanghai Great Way Government]] (1937–1938) ** [[File:Flag of the Republic of China-Nanjing (Peace, Anti-Communism, National Construction).svg|20px|border]] [[Wang Jingwei regime|Reorganized National Government of the Republic of China (Wang Jingwei Regime)]] [1940–1945] * In [[Tibet]]: ** [[Kingdom of Bumthang]] (7^th century – 17^th century) ** [[File:Tibetan snow leopard.svg|20px|border]] [[History of Tibet|Tibetan states]] (1300–1620) ** {{flag|Khoshut Khanate}} (1637–1717) ** [[File:Tibetan snow leopard.svg|20px|border]] [[5th Dalai Lama|Tibet under Ganden Phodrang government]] (1644–1720) ** [[File:Flag of Tibet.svg|20px|border]] [[Tibet (1912–1951)|Tibet]] (1912–1951) ** [[Tibetan People's Republic]] (1936) * In [[Manchuria]]: ** [[File:POL COA Gryf.svg|alt=Coat of Arms of Jaxa|frameless|27x27px]] [[Jaxa (state)|Jaxa]] (1665–1674) ** [[File:Flag of the Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea.svg|20px|border]] [[Korean People's Association in Manchuria]] (1929–1931) ** [[File:Flag of Manchukuo.svg|20px|border]] [[Manchukuo]] (1932–1945) * In [[Outer Mongolia]]: ** [[Northern Yuan]] (1368–1635) ** [[File:Flag of Bogd Khaanate Mongolia.svg|20px|border]] [[Bogd Khanate of Mongolia]] (1911–1924) * In [[Inner Mongolia]]: ** [[File:Flag of the Mengjiang.svg|20px|border]] [[Mengjiang|Mengjiang United Autonomous Government]] (1939–1945) ** [[File:Flag of Inner-Mongolian Autonomous Government.svg|20px|border]] [[Inner Mongolian People's Republic]] (1945) ** {{flag|Mongolian Republic of Alxa}} (1949) * In [[Taiwan]]: ** [[File:Flag of Ming Cheng.svg|frameless|20px|border]] [[Kingdom of Tungning]] (1661–1683) ** [[File:Flag of the Republic of Formosa (1895).svg|20px|border]] [[Republic of Formosa]] (1895) * In [[Tuva]]: ** [[Uryankhay Republic]] (1911–1914) ** [[File:Flag of Uriankhai (1918-1921).svg|20px|border]] [[Uryankhay Krai]] (1914–1921) ** [[File:Flag of the Tuvan People%27s Republic (1933-1939).svg|20px|border]] [[Tuvan People's Republic]] (1921–1944)

===== Japanese Archipelago ===== * [[File:Ashikaga mon.svg|20px|border]] [[Ashikaga shogunate]] (1336–1573) * [[File:Flag of Ryukyu.svg|20px|border]] [[Ryukyu Kingdom]] (1429–1879) * [[File:Oda ka (No background and Black color drawing).svg|20px|border]] [[Azuchi–Momoyama period|Azuchi–Momoyama]] (1568–1600) * [[File:Mitsubaaoi.svg|20px|border]] [[Tokugawa shogunate]] (1603–1868) * [[File:Flag of Japan (1870–1999).svg|20px|border]] [[Empire of Japan]] (1868–1947) * [[File:Seal of Ezo.svg|20px|border]] [[Republic of Ezo]] (1869) * [[File:Flag of Allied Occupied Japan.svg|20px|border]] [[Occupation of Japan|Allied Occupied Japan]] (1945–1952)

===== Korean Peninsula ===== * [[File:Flag of the king of Joseon.svg|20px|border]] [[Joseon]] (1392–1897) * [[File:Flag of Korea (1899).svg|20px|border]] [[Korean Empire]] (1897–1910) * [[File:Flag_of_the_People%27s_Committee_of_Korea.svg|20px|border]] [[People's Republic of Korea]] (1945–1946) * {{flagicon image|Flag_of_the_Provisional_Government_of_the_Republic_of_Korea.svg}} [[Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea]] (1945) * {{flagicon image|Flag of the Provisional People's Committee for North Korea.svg}} [[Provisional People's Committee of North Korea]] (1946–1947) * {{flagicon image|Flag of the Provisional People's Committee for North Korea.svg}} [[People's Committee of North Korea]] (1947–1948) * {{flagicon image|Flag_of_South_Korea_(1949–1984).svg}} [[First Republic of Korea]] (1948–1960) * {{flagicon image|Flag_of_South_Korea_(1949–1984).svg}} [[Second Republic of Korea]] (1960–1961) * {{flagicon image|Flag_of_the_chairman_of_the_Supreme_Council_for_National_Reconstruction.svg}} [[Supreme Council for National Reconstruction]] (1961–1963) * {{flagicon image|Flag_of_South_Korea_(1949–1984).svg}} [[Third Republic of Korea]] (1963–1972) * {{flagicon image|Flag_of_South_Korea_(1949–1984).svg}} [[Fourth Republic of Korea]] (1972–1981) * {{flagicon image|Flag_of_South_Korea_(1984–1997).svg}} [[Fifth Republic of Korea]] (1981–1988)

====West Asia==== ===== Afghanistan ===== * [[File:Black flag.svg|20px|border]] [[Hotak dynasty]] (1709–1738) * [[File:Flag of the Durrani Kingdom.svg|border|20x20px]] [[Durrani Empire]] (1747–1823) * [[File:Flag of Herat until 1842.svg|border|20x20px]] [[Herat (1793–1863)|Herat]] (1793–1863) * [[File:Flag of Kandahar (1818–1856).svg|20px|border]] [[Principality of Kandahar]] (1818–1856) * [[File:Flag of Afghanistan (1823–1839).svg|border|41x41px]] [[Principality of Kabul]] (1823–1834) * [[File:Flag of Afghanistan (1919–1921).svg||20px|border]] [[Emirate of Afghanistan]] (1834–1926) * [[File:Flag of Afghanistan (1931–1973).svg|20px|border]] [[Kingdom of Afghanistan]] (1926–1973) * [[File:Flag of Afghanistan (1974–1978).svg|20px|border]] [[Republic of Afghanistan (1973–1978)|Republic of Afghanistan]] (1973–1978) * [[File:Flag of Afghanistan (1978–1980).svg|20px|border]] [[Democratic Republic of Afghanistan]] (1978–1992) * {{flagicon image|Flag of Jihad.svg}} [[Islamic Emirate of Kunar]] (1991) * [[File:Flag of Afghanistan (1992–2001).svg|20px|border]] [[Islamic State of Afghanistan]] (1992–2002) * [[File:Flag of the Taliban.svg|20px|border]] [[Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan (1996–2001)|First Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan]] (1996–2001) * {{flagicon image|Flag of Jihad.svg}} [[Islamic Emirate of Badakhshan]] (1996) * [[File:Flag of Afghanistan (2002–2004).svg|20px|border]] [[Transitional Islamic State of Afghanistan]] (2002–2004) * {{flag|Islamic Republic of Afghanistan}} (2004-2021, still recognized as the legitimate government of Afghanistan)

===== Balochistan ===== * {{Flagicon image|FlagofKalat.svg}} [[Khanate of Kalat]] (1666–1736, 1747–1749, 1758–1955) * [[File:Flag of Herat until 1842.svg|20px|border]] [[Durrani Empire]] (1749–1758)

=====Anatolia===== * [[File:Komnenos-Trebizond-Arms.svg|20px|border]] [[Empire of Trebizond]] (1204–1461) * [[Emirate of Hasankeyf]] (1232–1524) * [[Karamanids|Beylik of Karaman]] (1250–1487) * [[File:Candar.svg|20px|border]] [[Candar dynasty|Beylik of Candar]] (1292–1461) * [[File:Flag of the Afshar Tribe.svg|20px|border]] [[Alaiye|Beylik of Alaiye]] (1293–1471) * [[File:Flag of the Ottoman Empire.svg|20px|border]] [[Ottoman Empire]] ({{circa|1299}}–1923) * [[Beylik of Bafra]] (14^th century–1460) * [[Beylik of Dulkadir]] (1337–1522) * [[Ramadanid Emirate]] (1352–1608) * [[Kara Koyunlu]] (1374–1468) * [[Aq Qoyunlu]] (1378–1501) * [[File:Flag of Administration of Western Armenia.svg|20px|border]] [[Occupation of Western Armenia|Republic of Van]] (1915–1918) * [[File:Flag of the South West Caucasian Republic.svg|20px|border]] [[Kars Republic]] (1918–1919) * [[File:Kurdish flag (Khoiboun).svg|20px|border]] [[Republic of Ararat]] (1927–1931)

=====Cyprus===== * [[File:Stemma reale di Giano di Cipro.svg|20px|border]] [[Kingdom of Cyprus]] (1192–1489) * {{flagicon|Turkey}} [[Turkish Federated State of Cyprus]] (1975–1983)

=====Mesopotamia===== * [[File:Flag of Kingdom of Kurdistan (1922-1924).svg|border|21x21px]] [[Kingdom of Kurdistan]] (1922–1924) *[[File:Flag_of_Iraq_(1924–1959).svg|20px|border|Iraq flag from 1924-1959]][[Kingdom of Iraq|Hashemite Kingdom of Iraq]] (1932–1958) *[[File:Flag of the Arab Federation.svg|20px|border]] [[Arab Federation]] (1958) *[[File:Flag_of_Iraq_(1959–1963).svg|20px|border|Flag of Iraq (1959–1963)]] [[First Republic of Iraq|First Iraqi Republic]] (1958–1968) *[[File:Flag_of_Iraq_(1963–1991).svg|20px|border|Iraq flag from 1963-1991]] [[Ba'athist Iraq]] (1968–2003)

=====Iran (Persia)===== * [[Baduspanids]] (665–1598) * [[Mihrabanids|Mihrabanid dynasty]] (1236–1537) * [[Afrasiyab dynasty]] (1349–1504) * [[Mar'ashis|Marashiyan dynasty]] (1359–1596) * [[Kar-Kiya dynasty]] (1370s–1592) * [[File:Timurid.svg|20px|border]] [[Timurid Empire|Iran-u-Turan (Timurid)]] (1370–1507) * [[File:Safavid Flag.svg|20px|border]] [[Safavid Iran|The Expansive Realm of Iran (Safavid dynasty)]] [1501–1736] * [[File:Afsharid Imperial Standard (3 Stripes).svg|20px|border]] [[Afsharid Iran|Guarded Domains of Iran (Afsharid dynasty)]] [1736–1796] * [[File:Zand Dynasty flag.svg|20px|border]] [[Zand Iran|Guarded Domains of Iran (Zand dynasty)]] [1751–1794] * [[File:State flag of Persia (1907–1933).svg|20px|border]] [[Qajar Iran|Sublime State of Persia/Iran]] (1794–1925) * {{Flagicon|Russia}} [[Mughan clashes|Military Dictatorship of Mughan]] (1918–1919) * [[File:Flag of Persian Socialist Soviet Republic.svg|20px|border]] [[Persian Socialist Soviet Republic]] in Gilan (Iran) [1920–1921] * [[File:State flag of Iran (1964–1980).svg|20px|border]] [[Pahlavi Iran|Imperial State of Persia/Iran]] (1925–1979) * [[File:Azerbaijan people's government flag.svg|20px|border]] [[Azerbaijan People's Government]] (1945–1946) * [[File:Flag of Mahabad (1946–1947).png|20px|border]] [[Republic of Mahabad]] (1946)

=====Levant===== * [[File:Chehab Emirate flag.svg|20px|border]] [[Emirate of Mount Lebanon]] (1516–1842) * [[File:Flag of Kingdom of Syria (1920-03-08 to 1920-07-24).svg|20px|border]] [[Arab Kingdom of Syria]] (1920) * [[File:Flag of Hejaz (1917).svg|20px|border]] [[All-Palestine Government]] (1948–1967) * [[File:Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Republic_(1958–1971),_Flag_of_Syria_(1980–2024).svg|20px|border]] [[United Arab Republic]] (1958–1971) ** [[File:Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Republic_(1958–1971),_Flag_of_Syria_(1980–2024).svg|20px|border]] [[Ba'athist Syria|Syrian Arab Republic]] (1971–2024) * {{Flagicon image|Former Flag of the Lebanese Army.svg}} [[Free Lebanon State]] (1979–1984) * [[File:AQMI Flag asymmetric.svg|20px|border]] [[Territory of the Islamic State|Islamic State]] (2014–2017)

=====Arabian Peninsula===== * [[File:Flag of the Imamate of Oman (1954–1959).svg|20px|border]] [[Imamate of Oman]] (749–1959) * [[File:Kathiri flag.svg|20px|border]] [[Kathiri|Kathiri Sultanate in Hadhramaut]] (14^th century–1888) * [[File:Flag of Dhala.svg|20px|border]] [[Emirate of Dhala]] (15^th century–1904) * [[File:Flag of the Sultanate of Fadhli.svg|20px|border]] [[Fadhli Sultanate]] (15^th century–1888) * [[File:Flag of the Mahra Sultanate.svg|20px|border]] [[Mahra Sultanate|Mahra State of Qishn and Socotra]] (1432–1886) * [[File:Flag of Kuwait 1940-1961.png|20px|border]] [[Sheikhdom of Kuwait]] (1613–1961) * [[File:Flag of Wahidi Balhaf.svg|20px|border]] [[Wahidi Balhaf|Wahidi Sultanate of Balhaf]] (1640–1888) * [[File:Flag of Wahidi Haban.svg|20px|border]] [[Wahidi Haban|Wahidi Sultanate of Haban]] (1640–1895) * [[File:Flag of Bani Khalid Emirate.svg|20px|border]] [[Bani Khalid Emirate]] (1669–1796) * [[File:Flag of Beihan.svg|20px|border]] [[Emirate of Beihan]] (1680–1872) * [[File:Flag of the Omani Empire.svg|20px|border]] [[Omani Empire]] (1696–1856) * [[File:Flag of the Sultanate of Lahej.svg|20px|border]] [[Sultanate of Lahej]] (1728–1839) * [[File:Flag of the 1st and 2nd Saudi State.svg|20px|border]] [[Emirate of Diriyah]] (1744–1812) * [[File:Flag of the State of Upper Yafa.svg|20px|border]] [[Sultanate of Upper Yafa]] (1800–1903) * [[File:Flag of Lower Yafa.svg|20px|border]] [[Sultanate of Lower Yafa]] (1800–1895) * [[File:Flag of the Second Saudi State.svg|20px|border]] [[Emirate of Nejd]] (1812–1891) * [[File:Flag of Muscat.svg|20px|border]] [[Muscat and Oman]] (1820–1970) * [[File:Flag of the Emirate of Ha%27il.svg|20px|border]] [[Emirate of Jabal Shammar]] (1836–1921) * [[File:Flag of the Qu'aiti Sultanate from 1939 until 1967.svg|20px|border]] [[Qu'aiti|Qu'aiti Sultanate in Hadhramaut]] (1858–1888) * [[File:Flag of the Second Saudi State.svg|20px|border]] [[Emirate of Riyadh]] (1902–1913) * [[File:Flag of the Emirate of Asir.svg|20px|border]] [[Emirate of Asir]] (1906–1934) * [[File:Flag of the Emirate of Nejd and Hasa.svg|20px|border]] [[Emirate of Nejd and Hasa]] (1913–1921) * [[File:Flag of Upper Asir.svg|20px|border]] [[Sheikdom of Upper Asir]] (1916–1920) * [[File:Flag of Hejaz (1917).svg|20px|border]] [[Kingdom of Hejaz]] (1916–1925) * [[File:Flag of the Mutawakkilite Kingdom of Yemen.svg|20px|border]] [[Mutawakkilite Kingdom of Yemen]] (1918–1970) * [[File:Flag of the Sultanate of Nejd.svg|20px|border]] [[Sultanate of Nejd]] (1921–1925) * [[File:Flag of the Kingdom of Hejaz and Nejd.svg|20px|border]] [[Kingdom of Hejaz and Nejd]] (1926–1932) * [[File:Flag of the Federation of South Arabia.svg|20px|border]] [[Federation of South Arabia]] (1962–1967) * [[File:Flag of the Yemen Arab Republic.svg|20px|border]] [[Yemen Arab Republic]] (1962–1990) * [[File:Flag of South Yemen.svg|20px|border]] [[South Yemen|People's Democratic Republic of Yemen]] (1967–1990) * [[File:Flag of Kuwait.svg|20px|border]] [[Republic of Kuwait]] (1990)

====South Asia==== * [[Jaintia Kingdom]] (500–1835) * [[Laur Kingdom]] (600–1565) * [[File:Insignia of Mewar, inside the City Palace, Udaipur.jpg|20px|border]] [[Udaipur State]] (734–1818) * [[File:Flag of the Princely State of Tehri Garhwal.svg|20px|border]] [[Garhwal Kingdom]] (823–1949) * [[File:Cochin flag.svg|20px|border]] [[Kingdom of Cochin]] (before 12^th century AD–1949) * [[File:Flag of the Sultan of The Maldives.svg|20px|border]] [[List of sultans of the Maldives|Sultanate of Maldives]] (1117–1796, 1954–1968) * [[File:Sultan of Delhi Flag according to the Catalan Atlas (1375).png|20px|border]] [[Delhi Sultanate]] (1206–1526) * [[File:Bengal Sultanate Flag.gif|20px|border]] [[Bengal Sultanate]] (1352–1576) * [[Jaunpur Sultanate]] (1394–1479) * [[File:Flag of Kingdom of Mysore.svg|20px|border]] [[Kingdom of Mysore]] (1399–1948) * [[File:Unofficial flag of Tripura.png|20px|border]] [[Manikya dynasty]] (1400–1761) * [[File:Royal flag of Partabgarh.svg|border|23x23px]] [[Pratapgarh Kingdom]] (1489–1700s) * [[File:Flag of the Bijapur Sultanate.png|25x25px]] [[Bijapur Sultanate]] (1490–1686) * [[File:Qutbshahi Flag.svg|20px|border]] [[Sultanate of Golconda]] (1518–1687) * [[File:Alam of the Mughal Empire.svg|20px|border]] [[Mughal Empire]] (1526–1857) * [[Sur Empire]] (1540–1556) * [[File:Flag of Sikkim (1967-1975).svg|20px|border]] [[Kingdom of Sikkim|Sikkim]] (1642–1975) * [[File:Flag of the Maratha Empire.svg|20px|border]] [[Maratha Confederacy]] (1674–1820) * [[File:Bengal subah flag (Nautical).svg|20px|border]] [[Bengal Subah]] (1717–1757){{NoteTag|The [[Nawabs of Bengal]] ruled the [[Bengal Subah]] – a province of the [[Mughal Empire]] which pretty much became independent from 1717.}} * [[File:Asafia flag of Hyderabad State.svg|20px|border]] [[Hyderabad State]] (1724–1798) * [[File:Flag of Kingdom of Travancore.svg|alt=|20px|border]] [[Travancore]] (1729–1949) * [[File:Sikh Empire Flag.png|20px|border]] [[Sikh Empire]] (1799–1849) * [[File:1931 Flag of India.svg|20px|border]] [[Azad Hind|Provisional Government of Free India]] (1943–1945) * [[File:Flag of the United Suvadive Republic.svg|20px|border]] [[United Suvadive Republic]] (1959–1963)

====Southeast Asia==== * In [[Cambodia]]: ** [[File:Flag of Cambodia (pre-1863).svg|20px|border]] [[Post-Angkor Period|Kingdom of Cambodia]] (1431–1863) ** [[File:Flag of Cambodia (1863–1948).svg|20px|border]] [[Kingdom of Kampuchea (1945)|Kingdom of Kampuchea]] (1945) ** [[File:Flag of the Khmer Republic.svg|20px|border]] [[Khmer Republic]] (1970–1975) ** [[File:Flag of Democratic Kampuchea.svg|20px|border]] [[Democratic Kampuchea]] (1975–1979) ** [[File:Flag of the People's Republic of Kampuchea.svg|20px|border]] [[People's Republic of Kampuchea]] (1979–1992) * In [[Laos]]: ** [[File:Flag of the Kingdom of Luang Phrabang (1707-1893).svg|20px|border]] [[Kingdom of Luang Phrabang]] (1707–1893) ** [[File:Flag of the Kingdom of Vientiane (1707–1828).svg|20px|border]] [[Kingdom of Vientiane]] (1707–1828) ** [[File:Flag of the Kingdom of Champasak (1713-1947).svg|20px|border]] [[Kingdom of Champasak]] (1713–1904) ** [[File:Flag of the Kingdom of Luang Phrabang (1945).svg|20px|border]] [[Kingdom of Luang Prabang (Japanese puppet state)|Kingdom of Luang Phrabang]] (1945) ** [[File:Flag of Laos.svg|20px|border]] [[Lao Issara]] (1945–1946) ** [[File:Flag of Laos (1952–1975).svg|20px|border]] [[Kingdom of Laos]] (1947–1975) * In [[Vietnam]]: ** [[Champa|Champa kingdom]] (192–1832) ** [[File:Flag of the Đại Việt Quốc Gia Liên minh (Hanoi, 1944-1945) Indomemoires 02.png|border|22x22px]] [[Đại Việt]] (1428–1804) ** [[File:Flag of the Communist Party of Vietnam.svg|20px|border]] [[Nghệ-Tĩnh Soviets|Nghệ-Tĩnh Soviet]] (1930–1931) ** [[File:Flag of the Empire of Vietnam (1945).svg|20px|border]] [[Empire of Vietnam]] (1945) ** [[File:Flag of Vietnam.svg|20px|border]] [[Democratic Republic of Vietnam]] (North Vietnam) [1945–1976] ** [[File:Flag of Republic of Cochinchina.svg|20px|border]] [[Republic of Cochinchina]] (1946–1949) ** [[File:Flag of the Taï Dam (Black Tai) people - 16-rayed sun - Chrystian Kretowicz.gif|20px|border]] [[Sip Song Chau Tai]] (Tai Federation) [1947–1955] ** [[File:Flag of South Vietnam.svg|20px|border]] [[Provisional Central Government of Vietnam]] (1948–1949) ** [[File:Flag of South Vietnam.svg|20px|border]] [[State of Vietnam]] (known as South Vietnam after the Geneva Conference of 1954) [1949–1955] ** [[File:Flag of South Vietnam.svg|20px|border]] [[Republic of Vietnam]] (South Vietnam) [1955–1975] ** [[File:Flag of the National Liberation Front of South Vietnam, Flag of South Vietnam (1975–1976).svg|20px|border]] [[Provisional Revolutionary Government of the Republic of South Vietnam|Republic of South Vietnam]] (1975–1976) * In [[Myanmar]] (Burma): ** [[Mon kingdoms]] (13^th–16^th, 18^th centuries) ** [[File:Golden Hintar flag of Burma.svg|20px|border]] [[Hanthawaddy kingdom]] (1287–1552) ** [[Pegu]] (1287–1539, 1747–1757) ** [[File:Flag of the Shan State.svg|20px|border]] [[History of Shan States|Shan States]] (1287–1922) ** [[History of Rakhine|Arakan]] (1287–1784) ** [[File:Royal flag of Ava.jpg|border|22x22px]] [[Ava Kingdom|Ava]] (1364–1555) ** [[Kingdom of Mrauk U]] (1429–1785) ** [[File:Flag of the Alaungpaya Dynasty of Myanmar.svg|20px|border]] [[Taungoo dynasty]] (1486–1752, 2^nd Empire) ** [[File:National flag of Third Burmese Empire (Konbaung Dynasty).svg|20px|border]] [[Konbaung dynasty]] (1752–1885, 3^rd Empire) ** [[File:Flag of Burma 1943.svg|20px|border]] [[State of Burma]] (1943–1945) ** [[File:Flag of Burma (1948–1974).svg|20px|border]] [[Union of Burma (1948–1962)|Union of Burma]] (1948–1962) * In [[Thailand]]: ** [[Langkasuka]] (2^nd–15^th century) ** [[Nakhon Si Thammarat Kingdom]] (13^th century–1782) ** [[Lan Na]] (1292–1775) ** [[File:Flag of Thailand (Ayutthaya period).svg|20px|border]] [[Ayutthaya Kingdom]] (1350–1767) ** [[File:Flag of Patani Kingdom (until 1816).svg|20px|border]] [[Pattani kingdom]] (1516–1902) ** [[File:Singora-cannon-seal.jpg|border|22x22px]][[Sultanate of Singora]] (1605–1680) ** [[File:Flag of Thailand (Ayutthaya period).svg|20px|border]] [[Thonburi Kingdom]] (1767–1782) ** [[File:Flag of Thailand.svg|20px|border]] [[Rattanakosin Kingdom (1782–1932)|Kingdom of Siam]] (1782–1932) ** [[File:Flag of Chiang Rai.gif|border|21x21px]] [[Kingdom of Chiang Mai]] (1782–1894) ** [[File:Flag of Kedah (18th century - 1821).svg|20px|border]] [[Kingdom of Setul Mambang Segara]] (1808–1916) * In [[Indonesia]]: ** [[File:Flag of Indonesia.svg|20px|border]] [[Indonesia|Republic of Indonesia]] (1945–1949){{NoteTag|Partially recognized state existed [[Aftermath of World War II|after WWII]]}} ** [[File:Flag of Indonesia.svg|20px|border]] [[United States of Indonesia]] (1949–1950) *** [[File:Flag of the State of East Indonesia.svg|20px|border]] [[State of East Indonesia]] (1946–1950) *** [[File:Flag of Pontianak Sultanate.svg|20px|border]] [[Pontianak Sultanate|West Kalimantan]] (1946–1950) *** [[File:Flag of Dayak Besar.svg|20px|border]] [[Great Dayak]] (1946–1950) *** [[File:Flag of East Sumatra.svg|20px|border]] [[State of East Sumatra]] (1947–1950) *** [[File:Flag of Various Autonomous Indonesian States.svg|20px|border]] [[State of East Java]] (1948–1950) *** [[File:Flag of Various Autonomous Indonesian States.svg|20px|border]] [[State of Madura]] (1948–1950) *** [[File:Flag of Pasundan.svg|20px|border]] [[Pasundan|State of Pasundan]] (1948–1950) *** [[File:Flag of South Sumatra.svg|20px|border]] [[State of South Sumatra]] (1948–1950) ** In [[Sumatra]]: *** [[File:Flag of the Aceh Sultanate.png|20px|border]] [[Aceh Sultanate|Sultanate of Aceh]] (1496–1903) *** [[File:Flag of Sultanate of Langkat.svg|20px|border]] [[Sultanate of Langkat]] (1568–1946) *** [[File:Flag of the Sultanate of Deli.svg|20px|border]] [[Sultanate of Deli]] (1609–1862, fully disestablished 1956) *** [[File:Sultanate of Jambi Flag.png|border|22x22px]] [[Jambi Sultanate]] (1615–1904) *** [[Palembang Sultanate]] (1659–1823) *** [[File:Flag of Sultanate of Siak Sri Indrapura.svg|20px|border]] [[Sultanate of Siak Sri Indrapura]] (1723–1945) *** [[File:Royal Malay Banner (Yellow).svg|20px|border]] [[Sultanate of Serdang]] (1723–1946) ** In [[Java]]: *** [[File:Flag of the Majapahit Empire.svg|20px|border]] [[Majapahit]] (1293–1527) *** [[File:COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM Katoenen banier met Arabische kalligrafie TMnr 5663-1.svg|20px|border]] [[Sultanate of Cirebon]] (1445–1677) *** [[Sultanate of Demak]] (1475–1548) *** [[File:Flag of the Sultanate of Banten.svg|20px|border]] [[Sultanate of Banten]] (1527–1813) *** [[Kingdom of Pajang]] (1568–1586) *** [[File:Flag of the Mataram Sultanate.svg|20px|border]] [[Mataram Sultanate|Sultanate of Mataram]] (1588–1681) ** In [[Lesser Sunda Islands]] *** [[File:Old Flag of Bali.svg|20px|border]] [[Bali Kingdom]]s (914–1908) *** [[Kingdom of Larantuka]] (1515–1904) *** [[File:Bendera Kesultanan Bima.png|20px|border]] [[Bima Sultanate]] (1620–1951, fully disestablished 1958) ** In [[Sulawesi]]: *** [[Kingdom of Banggai]] (? – 1907) *** [[File:Flag of the Sultanate of Gowa.svg|20px|border]] [[Sultanate of Gowa]] (14th century–1911, fully disestablished 1945) *** [[File:Bendera Kesultanan Bone.png|20px|border]] [[Bone state|Sultanate of Bone]] (14th century – 1905) *** [[Wajoq|Kingdom of Wajoq]] ({{circa|1400}}–1906, fully disestablished 1957) ** In [[Maluku Islands|Maluku]]: *** [[File:Bendera Ternate - Almulk Buldan Ternate.svg|20px|border]] [[Sultanate of Ternate]] (1257–1914) *** [[File:Flag of the Sultanate of Tidore.png|border|20x20px]] [[Sultanate of Tidore]] (1273–1920) *** [[File:Flag of South Moluccas.svg|20px|border]] [[Republic of South Maluku]] (1950–1963) ** In [[Borneo]]: *** Kingdom of [[Kutai]] Martadipura (399–1635) *** [[Berau Regency|Berau Sultanate]] (14th century–1810) *** Sultanate of [[Kutai]] Kartanegara (1300–1844) *** [[File:Old Flag of Brunei.svg|20px|border]] [[Bruneian Empire]] (1368–1888) *** [[File:Banjar Sultanate Flag.svg|20px|border]] [[Sultanate of Banjar]] (1526–1860) *** [[Sambas Sultanate]] (1609–1819, fully disestablished 1956) *** [[File:Flag of Bulungan.svg|20px|border]] [[Sultanate of Bulungan]] (1731–{{circa|1880}}, fully disestablished 1964) *** [[File:Flag of Pontianak Sultanate.svg|20px|border]] [[Pontianak Sultanate]] (1771–1779) *** [[File:Lanfang Republic Reconstructed Flag.svg|20px|border]] [[Lanfang Republic]] (1777–1884) *** [[File:Flag of the Kingdom of Sarawak (1870).svg|20px|border]] [[Kingdom of Sarawak]] (1841–1888) ** In [[Riau Islands]]: *** [[File:Flag of Riau (1818).svg|20px|border]] [[Riau-Lingga Sultanate]] (1824–1911) * In [[Malaysia]]: ** [[File:Flag of Kedah (18th century - 1821).svg|20px|border]] [[Kedah Sultanate]] (1136–1821, 1842–1945) ** [[File:Flag of Malacca.png|border|20x20px]] [[Malacca Sultanate|Sultanate of Malacca]] (1400–1511) ** [[File:Flag of Pahang.svg|border|20x20px]] [[Pahang Sultanate]] (1470–1623) ** [[File:Flag of Johor (1865 - 1871).svg|20px|border]] [[Johor Sultanate]] (1528–1855) ** [[File:Flag of Pahang (1853 - 1887).svg|20px|border]] [[Pahang Kingdom]] (1770–1881) ** [[File:Flag of the Federated Malay States (1895–1946).svg|20px|border]] [[Malayan Union]] (1946–1948) ** [[File:Flag of Malaya.svg|20px|border]] [[Federation of Malaya]] (1957–1963) * In the [[Philippines]] ** [[File:Late 19th Century Flag of Sulu.svg|20px|border]] [[Sultanate of Sulu]] (1405–1915) ** [[File:Flag of Maguindanao.svg|20px|border]] [[Sultanate of Maguindanao]] (1500–1888) ** [[File:Battle Flag of Tagalog Republic.svg|20px|border]] [[Sovereign Tagalog Nation]] (1896–1897) ** [[File:Flag of the Sovereign Tagalog Nation.svg|20px|border]] [[Tejeros Convention|Tejeros Revolutionary Government]] (1897) ** [[File:Flag of the Negros Republic.svg|20px|border]] [[Republic of Negros]] (1898–1899) ** [[File:Negrense revolution banner.svg|20px|border]] [[Cantonal Republic of Negros|Cantonal Government of Negros]] (1898–1901) ** [[File:Flag of the Philippines (1898–1901).svg|20px|border]] [[First Philippine Republic]] (1899–1902) ** [[File:Flag of the Katagalugan Republic.svg|20px|border]] [[Tagalog Republic]] (1902–1906) ** [[File:Flag of the Philippines (1943-1945).svg|20px|border]] [[Second Philippine Republic]] (1943–1945)

===Europe=== {{see also|Former countries in Europe after 1815}}

====Nordic countries==== In the Nordic countries, unions were personal, not unitary * [[File:Flag of Schleswig.svg|20px|border]] [[Duchy of Schleswig|Schleswig]] (1058–1864) * {{flagicon|Kalmar Union}} [[Kalmar Union]] (1397–1523, intermittent) * {{flagicon|Denmark}} [[Denmark–Norway]] (1524–1814, intermittent) * [[File:Flag of Norway (1814–1821).svg|20px|border]] [[Kingdom of Norway (1814)]] * [[File:Union Jack of Sweden and Norway (1844-1905).svg|20px|border]] [[United Kingdoms of Sweden and Norway]] (1814–1905) * [[File:Socialist red flag.svg|20px|border]] [[Finnish Socialist Workers' Republic]] (1918–1919)

====Modern France==== * [[File:Flag of Béarn.svg|20px|border]] [[Viscounty of Béarn]] (9^th century–1620) * [[File:Pavillon royal de la France.svg|20px|border]] [[Kingdom of France]] (843–1792, 1814/15–1848) ** [[File:Ancient Flag of Burgundy.svg|20px|border]] [[Duchy of Burgundy]] (918–1482) ** [[File:Drapeau de la province de Bretagne (1532).svg|20px|border]] [[Duchy of Brittany]] (939–1532) * [[File:Flag of Lorraine.svg|20px|border]] [[Duchy of Lorraine]] (959–1766) * [[File:Flag of the County of Foix.svg|20px|border]] [[County of Foix]] (1010–1607) * [[File:Flag of Corsica.svg|20px|border]] [[Kingdom of Corsica (1736)|Kingdom of Corsica]] (1736) * [[File:Flag of Corsica.svg|20px|border]] [[Corsican Republic]] (1755–1769) * [[File:Flag of Corsica.svg|20px|border]] [[Anglo-Corsican Kingdom]] (1794–1796) * [[File:Flag of France (1790–1794).svg|border|20x20px]] French First Republic (1792-1804) * [[File:Flag of France.svg|20px|border]] French Empire (1804-1814/15, 1852–1870) ** [[File:Flag of France.svg|20px|border]] [[First French Empire]] (1804–1814/15) ** [[File:Flag of France.svg|20px|border]] [[Second French Empire]] (1852–1870) * Kingdom of France (1815-1848) ** [[File:Royal_flag_of_France_during_the_Bourbon_Restoration.svg|26x26px|Royal flag of France during the Bourbon Restoration]] [[Bourbon Restoration in France|Bourbon Restoration]] (1815-1830) ** [[File:Flag of France.svg|20px|border]] [[July Monarchy]] (1830-1848) * [[File:Flag of France.svg|20px|border]] [[French Second Republic]] (1848-1852) * [[File:Flag of the Free Cities of Menton and Roquebrune (1848-1849).svg|20px|border]][[Free Cities of Menton and Roquebrune]] (1848–1849) * [[File:Socialist red flag.svg|20px|border]] [[Paris Commune]] (1871) * [[File:Flag of France.svg|20px|border]] [[Third French Republic]] (1870–1940) ** [[File:Flag_of_Saar_1920-1935.svg|20px|border]] [[Territory of the Saar Basin]] (1920–1935) * [[File:Socialist red flag.svg|20px|border]] [[Alsace-Lorraine Soviet Republic]] (1918) * [[File:Flag of Philippe Pétain, Chief of State of Vichy France.svg|20px|border]] [[Vichy France]] (1940–1944) * [[File:Flag of France.svg|20px|border]] [[Fourth French Republic]] (1946–1958) ** [[File:Flag of Saar (1947–1956).svg|20px|border]] [[Saar Protectorate]] (1946–1956)

====The German-speaking world ====

* '''Modern Germany''' ** [[File:Banner of the Holy Roman Emperor with haloes (1400-1806).svg|20px|border]] [[Holy Roman Empire]] (843–1806) ** [[File:Arms of the Principality of Reuss-Greiz.svg|20px|border]] [[Reuss (state)|Reuss]] (1010–1806) ** [[File:Grunwald Słupsk i Szczecin.svg|20px|border]] [[Duchy of Pomerania|Pomerania]] (1121–1637) ** [[File:Flagge Fürstentum Lippe.svg|20px|border]] [[Principality of Lippe|Lippe]] (1123–1871) ** {{flagicon|Germany}} [[Waldeck (state)|Waldeck]] (1180–1871) ** [[File:Flag of Hamburg.svg|20px|border]] [[Hamburg]] (1189–1871) ** [[File:Flag of the Free City of Lübeck.svg|20px|border]] [[Free City of Lübeck|Lübeck]] (1226–1871) ** [[File:Flag of Lauenburg.svg|20px|border]] [[Saxe-Lauenburg]] (or Duchy of Lauenburg) [1296–1871] ** [[File:Flag of Prussia (1892-1918).svg|20px|border]] [[Prussia]] (1525–1871) *** [[File:Flag of Ducal Prussia.svg|20px|border]] [[Duchy of Prussia]] (1525–1618) *** [[File:Flag of Brandenburg (1660–1750).svg|20px|border]] [[Brandenburg-Prussia]] (1618–1701) *** [[File:Flag of the Kingdom of Prussia (1803-1892).svg|20px|border]] [[Kingdom of Prussia]] (1701–1871) ** [[File:Flagge Fürstentümer Schwarzburg.svg|20px|border]] [[Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt]] (1599–1871) ** [[File:Flagge Fürstentümer Schwarzburg.svg|20px|border]] [[Schwarzburg-Sondershausen]] (1599–1871) ** [[File:Flag of Saxe-Altenburg (1893-1918).svg|20px|border]] [[Saxe-Altenburg]] (1602–1871) ** [[File:Flag of Hohenzollern-Hechingen and Sigmaringen.png|20px|border]] [[Hohenzollern-Hechingen]] (1623–1850) ** [[File:Flag of Hohenzollern-Hechingen and Sigmaringen.png|20px|border]] [[Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen]] (1623–1850) ** [[File:Banner of Saxony (1%5E1).svg|20px|border]] [[Saxe-Gotha]] (1640–1680) ** [[File:Flagge Fürstentum Schaumburg-Lippe.svg|20px|border]] [[Schaumburg-Lippe]] (1647–1871) ** [[File:Flagge Herzogtum Sachsen-Coburg-Gotha (1826-1911).svg|20px|border]] [[Saxe-Hildburghausen]] (1680–1826) ** [[File:Saxe- Meiningen.png|20px|border]] [[Saxe-Meiningen]] (1680–1871) ** [[File:Banner of Saxony (1%5E1).svg|20px|border]] [[Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld]] (1735–1826) ** [[File:Flag of Hesse.svg|20px|border]] [[Electorate of Hesse|Hesse-Kassel]] (or Hesse-Cassel) [Electorate, 1803–1807, 1813–1866] ** [[File:Flagge Herzogtum Anhalt.svg|20px|border]] [[Duchy of Anhalt]] (1806–1918) ** [[File:Flagge Großherzogtum Baden (1891–1918).svg|20px|border]] [[Grand Duchy of Baden]] (1806–1871) ** [[File:Flag of Bavaria (striped).svg|20px|border]] [[Free State of Bavaria|Kingdom of Bavaria]] (1806–1871) ** [[File:Flag of the Free City of Frankfurt.svg|20px|border]] [[Free City of Frankfurt|Frankfurt]] (Free Imperial City of Frankfurt (HRE), before 1806; City of Frankfurt, 1815–1866) ** [[File:Flagge Herzogtum Nassau (1806-1866).svg|20px|border]] [[Nassau (state)|Nassau]] (1806–1866) ** [[File:Flagge Königreich Sachsen (1815-1918).svg|20px|border]] [[Kingdom of Saxony|Saxony]] (kingdom) [1806–1871] ** [[File:Flagge Fürstentum Reuß jüngere Linie.svg|20px|border]] [[Principality of Reuss-Gera]] (1806–1918) ** [[File:Commemorative Medal of the Rhine Confederation.svg|20px|border]] [[Confederation of the Rhine]] (1806–1813) ** [[File:Flagge Königreich Württemberg.svg|20px|border]] [[Württemberg]] (kingdom) [1806–1871] ** [[File:Flagge Großherzogtum Sachsen-Weimar-Eisenach (1897-1920).svg|20px|border]] [[Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach]] (1809–1871) ** [[File:Banner of the Electorate of Mainz.svg|20px|border]] [[Grand Duchy of Frankfurt]] (1810–1813) ** [[File:Flag of Hanover 1837-1866.svg|20px|border]] [[Kingdom of Hanover]] (1814–1866) ** [[File:Flag of Bremen.svg|20px|border]] [[Bremen (state)|Bremen]] (1815–1871) ** [[File:Flagge Herzogtum Braunschweig (1814-1830).svg|20px|border]] [[Duchy of Brunswick|Brunswick]] (1815–1871) ** [[File:War ensign of the German Empire Navy 1848-1852.svg|20px|border]] [[German Confederation]] (1815–1866) ** [[File:Hessen HG flag.svg|20px|border]] [[Hesse-Homburg]] (1815–1866) ** [[File:Holstein Arms.svg|20px|border]] [[Holstein]] (1815–1864) ** [[File:Flagge Großherzogtümer Mecklenburg.svg|20px|border]] [[Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin|Mecklenburg-Schwerin]] (1815–1871) ** [[File:Flagge Großherzogtümer Mecklenburg.svg|20px|border]] [[Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg-Strelitz|Mecklenburg-Strelitz]] (1815–1871) ** [[File:Flag of Oldenburg (Scandinavian Cross).svg|20px|border]] [[Grand Duchy of Oldenburg|Oldenburg]] (1815–1871) ** [[File:Flagge Herzogtum Sachsen-Coburg-Gotha (1911-1920).svg|20px|border]] [[Saxe-Coburg and Gotha]] (1826–1871) ** [[File:Flag of Germany (3-2 aspect ratio).svg|20px|border]] [[German Empire (1848-49)|German Empire]] (1848–1849) ** [[File:Flag of the German Empire.svg|20px|border]] [[North German Federation]] (1867–1871) ** [[File:Flag of the German Empire.svg|20px|border]] [[German Empire]] (1871–1918) ** [[File:Flag of Germany.svg|20px|border]] [[Weimar Republic]] (1918–1933) *** [[File:Socialist red flag.svg|20px|border]] [[Bavarian Soviet Republic]] (1919) ** [[File:Flag of Germany (1935–1945).svg|20px|border]] [[Nazi Germany]] (1933–1945) ** [[File:Flag of East Germany.svg|20px|border]] [[East Germany|German Democratic Republic]] (1949–1990) <small>[also known as '''East Germany''' or '''GDR'''], its states acceded to [[Federal Republic of Germany]] in 1990.</small> *** {{flag|West Berlin}} (1948–1990) {{For|the hundreds of feudal states of various size (mainly [[Kleinstaaterei]]) and nature that were part of the non-centralised [[Holy Roman Empire]] (mainly in Germany, Austria, Benelux countries and various neighbouring regions)|List of states in the Holy Roman Empire}}

** [[File:Flag of the Free State of Bottleneck.svg|20px|border]] [[Free State of Bottleneck]] (1919–1923) ** [[File:Wappen_Schwarzenberg_Erzgebirge.svg|20px|border]] [[Free Republic of Schwarzenberg]] (1945) ** {{Flag|East Germany}} (1949-1990) ** {{Flag|West Germany}} (1949-1990)

* '''Austria''' ** [[File:Flag of Austria (1-1).svg|20px|border]] [[Duchy of Austria]] (1156–1453) ** {{Flagicon image|Flag of Tirol and Upper Austria.svg}} [[County of Tyrol]] (1140–1919) ** {{Flagicon image|Flag of Styria.svg}} [[Duchy of Styria]] (1180–1918) ** [[Prince-Archbishopric of Salzburg]] (1328–1803) ** [[File:Flag of Austria.svg|20px|border]] [[Archduchy of Austria]] (1453–1804, 1867–1918) ** {{Flagicon image|Flag of the Habsburg Monarchy.svg}} [[Austrian Empire]] (1804–1867) ** [[File:Austro-hungarian coat of arms 1914.svg|20px|border]] [[Austria-Hungary]] (1867–1918) ** {{Flagicon image|Flag of Austria.svg}} [[Republic of German-Austria]] (1918–1919) ** [[File:Flag of Austria (1230–1934, 1945–2000).svg|20px|border]] [[First Austrian Republic]] (1919–1934) ** [[File:State flag of Austria (1934–1938).svg|20px|border]] [[Federal State of Austria]] (1934–1938)

==== Switzerland ==== * [[File:Early Swiss cross.svg|20px|border]] [[Old Swiss Confederacy]] (1300–1798) * [[File:Flag of the Helvetic Republic (French).svg|20px|border]] [[Helvetic Republic]] (1798–1803) * [[File:Flag of Canton of Valais (1802–1815).svg|20px|border]] [[Rhodanic Republic]] (1802–1810)

====Italy==== {{See also|Historical states of Italy}} * [[File:Flag of Republic of Venice.svg|20px|border]] [[Republic of Venice]] (697–1797) * [[File:Flag of the Papal States (1825-1870).svg|20px|border]] [[Papal States]] (752–1870) * [[File:Flag of the Marquisate of Finale (12th century-1602).svg|20px|border]] [[Marquisate of Finale]] (967–1602) * [[File:Flag of the Republic of Ancona (c. 1177-1532).svg|20px|border]] [[Republic of Ancona]] ({{circa|1000}}–1532) * [[File:Flag of Genoa.svg|20px|border]] [[Republic of Genoa]] (1095–1797) * [[File:State Flag of the Republic of Florence.svg|20px|border]] [[Republic of Florence]] (1115–1569) * [[File:Bandiera del Regno di Sicilia 4.svg|20px|border]] [[Kingdom of Sicily]] (1130–1816) * [[File:Flag of the Republic of Noli.svg|20px|border]] [[Republic of Noli]] (1192–1797) * [[File:Flag of Lucca (1799-1801).svg|20px|border]] [[Republic of Lucca]] (1160–1805) * [[File:Flag of the Duchy of Mantua (1575–1707).svg|20px|border]] [[Duchy of Mantua]] (1273–1707) * [[File:Bandera de Nápoles - Trastámara.svg|20px|border]] [[Kingdom of Naples]] (1282–1816) * [[File:Bandera de Nápoles - Trastámara.svg|20px|border]] [[Kingdom of Naples]] (1285–1816) * [[Republic of Senarica]] (1343–1797) * [[File:Flag of the Duchy of Milan (1450).svg|20px|border]] [[Duchy of Milan]] (1395–1797) * [[File:Flag of Cospaia.svg|20px|border]] [[Republic of Cospaia]] (1440–1826) * [[File:Flag of Duchy of Urbino.svg|20px|border]] [[Duchy of Urbino]] (1443–1625) * [[File:Flag of the Duchy of Modena.svg|20px|border]] [[Duchy of Modena]] (1452–1796, 1815–1859) * [[File:Flag of Massa and Carrara.png|20px|border]] [[Duchy of Massa and Carrara]] (1473–1829) * [[File:Flag of the Order of St. John (various).svg|20px|border]] [[History of Malta under the Order of Saint John|Sovereign Military Order of Malta]] (1530–1798) * [[File:Flag of the Duchy of Parma.svg|20px|border]] [[Duchy of Parma]] (1545–1859) * [[File:Flag of the Grand Duchy of Tuscany (1840).svg|20px|border]] [[Grand Duchy of Tuscany]] (1569–1801, 1815–1859) * [[File:Flag of Kingdom of Sardinia (1848).svg|20px|border]] [[Kingdom of Sardinia (1720–1861)|Kingdom of Sardinia]] (1720–1861) * [[File:Flag of the Republic of Alba.svg|20px|border]] [[Republic of Alba]] (1796) * {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Transpadane Republic]] (1796–1797) * [[File:Flag of the Repubblica Anconitana.svg|20px|border]] [[Anconine Republic]] (1797–1798) * [[File:Flag of the Repubblica Cisalpina.svg|20px|border]] [[Cisalpine Republic]] (1797–1802) * [[File:Flag of the Cispadane Republic.svg|20px|border]] [[Cispadane Republic]] (1796–1797) * [[File:Flag of the Repubblica Cremasca.svg|20px|border]] [[Republic of Crema]] (1797) * [[File:Flag of the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies (1816).svg|20px|border]] [[Gozo (independent state)|Gozitan Nation]] (1798–1801) * [[File:Etrurian Kingdom and War Flag with Great Royal Coat of Arms.svg|20px|border]] [[Kingdom of Etruria]] (1801–1807) * [[File:Flag of the Italian Republic (1802).svg|20px|border]] [[Italian Republic (Napoleonic)]] [1802–1805] * [[File:Flag of the Napoleonic Kingdom of Italy.svg|20px|border]] [[Kingdom of Italy (Napoleonic)]] [1805–1814] * [[File:Flag of the Principality of Lucca (1805-1809).svg|20px|border]] [[Principality of Lucca and Piombino]] (1805–1814) * [[File:Bandiera Elba.svg|20px|border]] [[Principality of Elba]] ([[Emperor#Elba|Elba]]) [1814–1815] * [[File:Flag of Kingdom of Lombardy-Venetia.svg|20px|border]] [[Kingdom of Lombardy–Venetia]] (1815–1866) * [[File:Flag of the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies (1816).svg|20px|border]] [[Two Sicilies|Kingdom of the Two Sicilies]] (1815–1860) * [[File:Flag of the Duchy of Lucca.svg|20px|border]] [[Duchy of Lucca]] (1815–1847) * [[File:Flag of Tavolara.svg|20px|border]] [[Kingdom of Tavolara]] (1836–1934) * [[File:Flag of Augusto Anfossi.svg|20px|border]] [[Five Days of Milan|Provisional Government of Milan]] (1848) * [[File:Flag of the Republic of San Marco.svg|20px|border]] [[Republic of San Marco]] (1848–1849) * [[File:Flag of Sicilian Kingdom 1848.svg|20px|border]] [[Sicilian revolution of 1848|Kingdom of Sicily]] (1848) * [[File:Flag of the Roman Republic (19th century).svg|20px|border]] [[Roman Republic (19th century)|Roman Republic (19^th century)]] [1849] * [[File:Flag of Italy.svg|20px|border]] [[United Provinces of Central Italy]] (1859–1860) * [[File:Flag of Italy (1861-1946) crowned.svg|20px|border]] [[Kingdom of Italy]] (1861–1946) * {{Flagicon image|Labaro Reggenza Italiana del Carnaro.svg}} [[Italian Regency of Carnaro|Regency of Carnaro]] (1919–1920) * [[File:War flag of the Italian Social Republic.svg|20px|border]] [[Italian Social Republic]] (1943–1945) * [[File:Free Territory Trieste Flag.svg|20px|border]] [[Free Territory of Trieste]] (1947–1954) * [[File:Rose Island Flag.svg|20px|border]] [[Republic of Rose Island]] (1968–1969)

====Modern United Kingdom==== * [[File:Flag of Scotland (1542–2003).svg|23px|border]] [[Kingdom of Scotland]] (843–1707) * [[File:Flag of England.svg|23px|border]] [[Kingdom of England]] (927–1707) * [[File:Banner of Llywelyn.svg|20px|border]] [[Principality of Wales]] (1216–1536) * [[File:Flag of The Commonwealth.svg|23px|border]] [[Commonwealth of England]] (1649–1653) and (1659–1660) * [[File:Standard of Oliver Cromwell (1653–1659).svg|23px|border]] [[The Protectorate]] (1653–1659) * [[File:Flag of Great Britain (1707–1800).svg|23px|border]] [[Kingdom of Great Britain]] (1707–1800) * [[File:Flag of the United Kingdom (1-2).svg|23px|border]] [[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland]] (1801–1922)

====Ireland==== * [[Kingdom of Uí Failghe]] (?–1550) * [[File:Fitzpatrick of Ossary.svg|20px|border=]] [[Osraige]] (150–1541) * [[Airgíalla]] (331–1585) * [[File:O%27Kelly.png|20px|border=]] [[Uí Maine]] ({{circa|357}}–1611) * [[File:Royal Banner of O%27Donnell (Tyrconnell).png|20px|border]] [[Tyrconnell]] (5th century–1607) * [[File:O%27Neill Tyrone.png|20px|border=]] [[Tír Eoghain]] (5th century–1607) * [[File:Flag of Connacht.svg|20px|border]] [[Kings of Connacht|Kingdom of Connacht]] (406–1474) * [[Northern Uí Néill|Ailech]] (450–1617) * [[File:Flag of Leinster.svg|20px|border]] [[Kingdom of Leinster]] (7th century BC–1603) * [[File:Maguire.png|20px|border=]] [[Fermanagh]] (10th century–1607) * [[Magh Luirg]] ({{circa|956}}–1585) * [[File:Sword of Nuada.png|20px|border=]] [[Thomond]] (1118–1543) * [[File:Arms of McCarthy.svg|20px|border=]] [[Kingdom of Desmond]] (1118–1596) * [[File:Banner of the Lordship of Ireland.svg|20px|border]] [[Lordship of Ireland]] (1171–1542) * [[File:O%27Neill of Clanaboy.png|20px|border=]] [[Clandeboye]] (1283–1605) * [[File:Saint Patrick's Saltire.svg|20px|border]] [[Kingdom of Ireland]] (1541–1801) * [[File:Green harp flag of Ireland 17th century.svg|20px|border]] [[Confederate Ireland|Irish Catholic Confederation]] (1641–1649) * [[File:Green harp flag of Ireland.svg|20px|border]] [[Republic of Connacht]] (1798) * {{flagicon image|Socialist red flag.svg}} [[Irish soviets|Irish Soviets]] (1919–1922) ** {{flagicon image|Socialist red flag.svg}} [[Limerick Soviet]] (1919) * {{flag|Irish Free State}} (1922–1937)

====Benelux==== * [[File:LuikVlag.svg|20px|border]] [[Prince-Bishopric of Liège]] (972–1789, 1791–1795) * [[File:Banner of the Duchy of Brabant.svg|20px|border]] [[Duchy of Brabant]] (1183–1794) * [[File:Flag of Bouillon.svg|20px|border]] [[Duchy of Bouillon]] (1456? – 1794) * [[File:Statenvlag.svg|20px|border]] [[Republic of the Seven United Netherlands]] (1581–1795) * [[File:Flag of the Batavian Republic.svg|20px|border]] [[Batavian Republic]] (1795–1806) * [[File:LuikVlag.svg|20px|border]] [[Republic of Liège]] (1789–1791) * [[File:Flag of the Brabantine Revolution.svg|20px|border]] [[United Belgian States]] (1789–1790) * [[File:Flag of the Netherlands.svg|20px|border]] [[Kingdom of Holland]] (1806–1810) * [[File:Flag of the Netherlands.svg|20px|border]] [[Sovereign Principality of the United Netherlands]] (1813–1815) * [[File:Flag of the Netherlands.svg|20px|border]] [[United Kingdom of the Netherlands]] (1815–1839)

====Iberian countries==== * [[File:Bandeirareinogaliza.svg|23px|border]] [[Kingdom of Galicia]] (410–1833) * [[File:Bandera de Reino de Navarra.svg|23px|border]] [[Kingdom of Navarre]] (824–1620) * [[File:Flag of the Couto Misto.svg|18px|border]] [[Couto Misto]] (10th century–1868) * [[File:Royal Banner of the Kingdom of Castile (Variant).svg|20px|border]] [[Kingdom of Castile]] (1065–1833) * [[File:Banderacatalana1231.png|20px|border]] [[Principality of Catalonia]] (12th century – 1714/1833) * [[File:Royal Banner of Aragón.svg|23px]] [[Crown of Aragon]] (1164–1707/1715) * [[File:Royal Banner of the Crown of Castile (Early Style)-Variant.svg|23px]] [[Crown of Castile]] (1230–1716) * [[File:Bandera del Reino de Mallorca.svg|20px|border]] [[Kingdom of Majorca]] (1231–1715) * [[File:Royal Standard of Nasrid Dynasty Kingdom of Grenade.svg|23px]] [[Emirate of Granada]] (1232–1492) * [[Iberian Union]] (1580–1640) * [[File:Flag of Catalonia.svg|23px]] [[Catalan Republic (1640–1641)|First Catalan Republic]] (1640–1641) * [[File:Bandeira Reino Unido Portugal Brasil Algarve.svg|23px|border]] [[United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves]] (1815–1825) * [[File:Flag Portugal (1830).svg|23px|border]] [[Monarchy of the North|Kingdom of Portugal (Monarchy of the North)]] [1919] * [[File:Flag of Portugal.svg|23px|border]] [[Ditadura Nacional]] (1926–1933) * [[File:Flag of Spain (1931–1939).svg|20px|border]] [[Second Spanish Republic]] (1931–1939) * [[File:Flag of Galicia.svg|border|25x25px]] [[Republic of Galicia]] (1931) * [[File:Flag of Catalonia.svg|23px]] [[Catalan Republic (1931)|Second Catalan Republic]] (1931) * {{flagicon image|Socialist red flag.svg}} [[Asturian miners' strike of 1934|Asturian Socialist Republic]] (October 1934) * {{flagicon image|CNT FAI flag.svg}} [[Revolutionary Catalonia]] (1936–1937) * [[File:Flag_of_Spain_(1945–1977).svg|24x24px|Flag of Spain (1945–1977)]] [[Francoist Spain]] (1936-1975)

====Poland==== * [[File:POL województwo śląskie COA.svg|border=|25x25px]] [[Duchy of Bytom]] (1281–1498) * [[File:POL województwo śląskie flag formal.svg|border|25x25px]] [[Duchy of Opole]] (1281–1532) * [[File:POL województwo śląskie II RP COA.svg|border=|25x25px]] [[Duchy of Racibórz]] (1281–1521) * [[File:Flag of Cieszyn Silesia.svg|border|25x25px]] [[Duchy of Teschen]] (1281–1918) * [[File:Terra Bernstein - Pommern-Wolgast COA.svg|border=|25x25px]] [[Pomerania-Wolgast|Duchy of Pomerania-Wolgast]] (1295–1478) * [[:pl:Władcy Pomorza Zachodniego#Pierwszy podział księstwa (1160-1264)|Szczecin Principality]] (1295–1523) * [[File:Grunwald Słupsk i Szczecin.svg|border=|25x25px]] [[Pomerania-Stolp|Duchy of Pomerania-Stolp]] (1368–1478) * [[File:Grunwald Słupsk i Szczecin.svg|25x25px|border=]] [[Duchy of Pomerania]] (1478–1531, 1625–1637) * [[File:Chorągiew księcia mazowieckiego Siemowita.svg|border=|25x25px]] [[Duchy of Masovia]] (1495–1526) * [[File:POL województwo opolskie COA alt.svg|border=|25x25px]] [[Duchy of Opole and Racibórz]] (1521–1532, 1551–1556) * [[File:Flaga Rzeczypospolitej Obojga Narodow ogolna.svg|border=|25x25px]] [[Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth]] (1569–1795) ** [[File:Royal banner of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania.svg|25x25px|border=]] [[Grand Duchy of Lithuania]] (1236–1795) ** [[File:Banner of Sigismund III Vasa.svg|25x25px|border=]] [[Crown of the Kingdom of Poland]] (1386–1795) ** [[File:Flag of Prussia (1466-1772) Lob.svg|25x25px|border]] [[Royal Prussia]] (1466–1569) ** [[File:Flag of Ducal Prussia.svg|25x25px|border]] [[Duchy of Prussia]] (1525–1657) ** [[File:Flag of Courland (state).svg|25x25px|border]] [[Duchy of Courland and Semigallia]] (1561–1795) * [[File:Flag of Galicia-Lodomeria 1890-1918.svg|border|25x25px]] [[Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria]] (1772–1918, part of the [[Austrian Empire]], later part of Austria-Hungary) * [[File:Flag of the Duchy of Warsaw.svg|border|25x25px]] [[Duchy of Warsaw]] (1807–1815; part of [[First French Empire]], personal union with the [[Kingdom of Saxony]]) * [[File:Gdansk flag.svg|20px|border]] [[Free City of Danzig (Napoleonic)|Free City of Danzig]] (1807–1814) * [[File:Flag of Krakow.svg|25x25px|border]] [[Free City of Cracow|Free, Independent, and Strictly Neutral City of Cracow with its Territory]] (1815–1846) * [[File:Royal Standard of the Tsar of Poland (1815–1830).svg|border|25x25px]] [[Congress Poland|Kingdom of Poland]] (1815–1832; personal union with the [[Russian Empire]]) * [[File:Flagge Preußen - Provinz Posen (1815).svg|border|25x25px]] [[Grand Duchy of Posen]] (1815–1848; part of the [[Kingdom of Prussia]]) * [[File:Flag of Poland (November Uprising).svg|border|25x25px]] [[Polish National Government (November Uprising)|Polish National Government]] (1830–1831) * [[File:Flag of the Grand Duchy of Cracow.svg|border|25x25px]] [[Grand Duchy of Kraków]] (1846–1918; part of [[Austria-Hungary]]) * [[File:Coat of arms of the Kraków Uprising.svg|border|25x25px]] [[Kraków uprising|Polish National Government]] (1846) * [[File:Flag of the Polish-Lithuanian-Ruthenian Commonwealth (January Uprising).svg|25x25px|border]] [[Polish National Government (January Uprising)|Polish National Government]] (1863–1864) * [[File:Flag of Poland (1919–1927).svg|border|25x25px]] [[Kingdom of Poland (1917–1918)|Kingdom of Poland]] (1917–1918) * [[File:Flag of Poland (1919–1927).svg|border|25x25px]] [[Republic of Zakopane]] (1918) * [[File:POL Tarnobrzeg flag.svg|25x25px|border]] [[Republic of Tarnobrzeg]] (1918–1919) * [[File:Flag of Ukraine.svg|25x25px|border]] [[Komancza Republic]] (1918–1919) * [[File:Прапор Лемко-Русинської Республіки.svg|25x25px|border]] [[Lemko Republic|Lemko-Rusyn People's Republic]] (1918–1920) * [[File:Flag of Poland (1919–1927).svg|border|25x25px]] [[Second Polish Republic]] (1918–1939) * [[File:Flag of Central Lithuania 1920.svg|25x25px]] [[Republic of Central Lithuania]] (1920–1922) * [[File:Flag of the Free City of Danzig.svg|border|25x25px]] [[Free City of Danzig]] (1920–1939) * [[File:Socialist red flag.svg|border|25x25px]] [[Provisional Polish Revolutionary Committee]] (1920) * [[File:Flaga PPP.svg|border|25x25px]] [[Polish Underground State]] (1939–1945) * [[File:Flag of Poland (1927–1980).svg|border|25x25px]] [[Polish Committee of National Liberation]] (1944) * [[File:Flag of Poland (1927–1980).svg|border|25x25px]] [[Provisional Government of the Republic of Poland]] (1944–1945) * [[File:Flag of Poland (1927–1980).svg|border|25x25px]] [[Provisional Government of National Unity]] (1945–1947) * [[File:Flag of Poland (1927–1980).svg|border|25x25px]] [[Polish People's Republic|Republic of Poland]] (1947–1952) * [[File:Flag of Poland (1927–1980).svg|border|25x25px]] [[Polish People's Republic]] (1952–1989) * [[File:Flag of Poland (normative).svg|border|25x25px]] [[Polish National Territorial Region|Polish National-Territorial Region]] (1990–1991)

====Ukraine ==== * [[File:Прапор В.З..png|20px|border]] [[Zaporozhian Sich]] (1552–1775) * [[File:Flag of the Cossack Hetmanat.svg|20px|border=]] [[Cossack Hetmanate]] (1649–1764) * {{flagicon image|Flag of Ukraine (1917–1921).svg}} [[Ukrainian People's Republic]] (1917–1920) * {{flagicon image|Flag of Ukraine (1917–1921).svg}} [[Ukrainian State]] (1918) * {{flagicon|Ukraine}} [[West Ukrainian People's Republic]] (1918–1919) * [[File:Махновское знамя.svg|20px|border]] [[Makhnovshchina]] (1918–1921) * [[Kholodny Yar Republic]] (1919–1922) * {{flagicon|Ukraine}} [[Hutsul Republic]] (1919) * [[File:Flag of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic (1919–1929).svg|20px|border]] [[Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic]] (1919–1991; sovereign until 1922) * [[File:Flag of the Galician SSR.svg|20px|border]] [[Galician Soviet Socialist Republic]] (1920) * {{flagicon|Ukraine}} [[Carpatho-Ukraine]] (1939) * {{flagicon|Ukraine}} [[Ukrainian national government (1941)|Ukrainian National Government]] (1941) * [[File:Flag_of_Donetsk_People's_Republic.svg|20px|border]] [[Donetsk People's Republic]] (2014–2022) * [[File:Flag_of_the_Luhansk_People's_Republic.svg|20px|border]] [[Luhansk People's Republic]] (2014–2022)

====Crimea==== * [[File:Coat of arms of Gothia.svg|20px|border=]] [[Principality of Theodoro]] (13^th century–1475) * [[File:Flag of the Crimean Khanate (15th century).svg|20px|border]] [[Crimean Khanate]] (1449–1783) * [[File:Flag of the Crimean Tatar people.svg|20px|border]] [[Crimean People's Republic]] (1917–1918) * [[File:Flag of the Crimean ASSR (1938).svg|20px|border]] [[Crimean Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic]] (1921–1941/1944–1945/1991–1992) * [[File:Flag_of_Crimea.svg|20px|border]] [[Republic of Crimea (country)|Republic of Crimea]] (2014)

====Baltic countries and Belarus==== * [[File:Flag of the State of the Teutonic Order.svg|20px|border]] [[State of the Teutonic Order]] (1230–1525) * [[File:Royal banner of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania.svg|20px|border]] [[Grand Duchy of Lithuania]] (1236–1795) * [[File:Flag of et-Parnu.svg|20px|border]] [[Kingdom of Livonia]] (1570–1578) * [[File:Petropavlovsk-Krondstadt flag.svg|20px|border]] [[Soviet Republic of Naissaar]] (1917–1918) * {{flagicon|Lithuania}} [[Kingdom of Lithuania (1918)|Kingdom of Lithuania]] (1918) * [[File:Flag of Lithuania.svg|20px|border]] [[Lithuania|Republic of Lithuania]] (1918–1940) * [[File:Flag of the Republic of Perloja.svg|20px|border]] [[Perloja|Republic of Perloja]] (1918–1923) * [[File:Flag of Belarus (1918, 1991–1995).svg|20px|border]] [[Belarusian People's Republic]] (1918–1919) * [[File:United Baltic Duchy flag.svg|20px|border]] [[United Baltic Duchy]] (1918) * [[File:Flag of the Latvian Socialist Soviet Republic (1918–1920).svg|20px|border]] [[Latvian Socialist Soviet Republic]] (1918–1920) * [[File:Flag of Latvia.svg|20px|border]] [[Latvia|First Latvian Republic]] (1918–1940) * [[File:Flag of Courland (state).svg|20px|border]] [[Duchy of Courland and Semigallia (1918)|Duchy of Courland and Semigallia]] (1918) * [[File:Flag of the Commune of the Working People of Estonia.svg|20px|border]] [[Commune of the Working People of Estonia]] (1918–1919) * [[File:Flag of Estonia.svg|20px|border]] [[Estonia|First Estonian Republic]] (1918–1940) * [[File:Flag of the Lithuanian-Byelorussian SSR.svg|20px|border]] [[Lithuanian–Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic]] (1919) * [[File:Flag of the Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic (1919-1927).svg|20px|border]] [[Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic]] (1919–1922) * [[File:Flag of Central Lithuania 1920.svg|20px|border]] [[Republic of Central Lithuania]] (1920–1922) * [[Zuyev Republic]] (1941–1947) ====Russia==== * [[File:Symbol Duchy of Ryazan.svg|20px|border]] [[Grand Duchy of Ryazan]] (1097–1521) * [[File:Nowogród.svg|20px|border]] [[Novgorod Republic]] (1136–1478) * {{noflag}}[[Principality of Beloozero]] (13^th–15^th century) * {{noflag}}[[Principality of Yaroslavl]] (1218–1463) * [[File:Seal of Ivan 4 1539 a.svg|20px|border]] [[Grand Duchy of Moscow]] (1283–1547) * [[File:Symbol of Principality of Tver.svg|20px|border]] [[Principality of Tver]] (1246–1483) * [[File:Golden Horde flag 1339.svg|20px|border]] [[Golden Horde]] (1320–1547) * [[File:Эмблема пермской земли (Саадачный покровец, около 1626 год).gif|20px|border]] [[Great Perm|Principality of Great Perm]] (1323–1505) ** [[Vyatka Land]] * [[File:Символ господарства Псковского.png|20px|border]] [[Pskov Republic]] (1348–1510) * {{Flagicon image|Zilant flag.gif}} [[Khanate of Kazan]] (1438–1552) * [[Qasim Khanate]] (1452–1681) * {{noflag}}[[Astrakhan Khanate]] (1466–1556) * [[File:Flag of the Khanate of Sibir.svg|border|20x20px]] [[Khanate of Sibir]] (1468–1598) * [[File:Flag of Oryol ship (variant).svg|20px|border]] [[Tsardom of Russia]] (1547–1721) * {{flag|Kalmyk Khanate}} (1630–1771) * [[File:POL COA Gryf.svg|left|frameless|27x27px]] [[Jaxa (state)|Jaxa]] (1665–1674) * {{flagicon|Russia}} [[Russian Empire]] (1721–1917) * [[File:Socialist red flag.svg|20px|border]] [[Petrograd Soviet|Petrograd Soviet of Workers' and Soldiers' Deputies]] (1917–1924) * {{flagicon|Russia}} [[Russian Republic]] (1917) * [[File:Flag of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (1918–1937).svg|20px|border]] [[Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic]] (1917–1922) * [[FIle:Flag of Bashkurdistan.svg|20px|border]] [[Bashkiria (1917–1919)|Bashkiria]] (1917–1919) * {{flagicon image|Flag of Mongolia (1911-1921).svg}} [[State of Buryat-Mongolia]] (1917–1920) * [[File:Karelian National Flag.svg|20px|border]] [[Republic of Uhtua]] (1918–1920) * [[File:Flag of Kuban People's Republic.svg|20px|border]] [[Kuban People's Republic]] (1918–1920) * [[File:Flag of Don Cossacks.svg|20px|border]] [[Don Republic]] (1918–1920) * [[File:Flag of Idel-Ural State.svg|20px|border]] [[Idel-Ural State]] (1 March 1918 – 28 March 1918) * [[File:Flag of the Provisional Regional Government of the Urals.svg|20px|border]] [[Provisional Regional Government of the Urals]] (19 August 1918 – 26 October 1918) * {{flagicon|Russia}} [[Russian Democratic Federative Republic|Russian Republic]] (1918) * {{flagicon|Russia}} [[Russian State (1918–1920)|Russian State]] (1918–1920) * [[File:Socialist red flag.svg|20px|border]] [[Donetsk–Krivoy Rog Soviet Republic]] (1918) * {{flagicon|Russia}} [[Supreme Administration of the Northern Region]] (1918) * {{flagicon|Russia}} [[Provisional Government of the Northern Region]] (1918–1920) * {{flagicon|Russia}} [[Armed Forces of South Russia]] (1918–1919) * {{Flagicon|Ingria}}[[North Ingria]] (1919–1920) * [[File:Flag of the Far Eastern Republic.svg|20px|border]] [[Far Eastern Republic]] (1920–1922) * {{Flagicon image|Flag of Green Ukraine.svg}} [[Green Ukraine]] (1920–1922) * [[File:Flag of the Soviet Union.svg|20px|border]] [[Soviet Union|Union of Soviet Socialist Republics]] (1922–1991) ** [[File:Flag of the Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic (1952–1990).svg|20px|border]] [[Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic]] (1920–1991) ** [[File:Flag of the Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic (1956–1991).svg|20px|border]] [[Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic]] (1920–1991) ** [[File:Flag of the Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic (1951–1991).svg|20px|border]] [[Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic]] (1922–1991) ** [[File:Flag of the Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic (1953–1990).svg|20px|border]] [[Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic]] (1940–1991) ** [[File:Flag of the Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic (1951–1990).svg|20px|border]] [[Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic]] (1921–1991) ** {{flagicon image|Flag of the Karelo-Finnish SSR.svg|size=20px}} [[Karelo-Finnish Soviet Socialist Republic]] (1940–1956) ** [[File:Flag of the Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic.svg|20px|border]] [[Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic]] (1936–1991) ** [[File:Flag of the Kyrgyz Soviet Socialist Republic.svg|20px|border]] [[Kirghiz Soviet Socialist Republic]] (1936–1991) ** [[File:Flag of the Latvian Soviet Socialist Republic (1953–1990).svg|20px|border]] [[Latvian Soviet Socialist Republic]] (1940–1990) ** [[File:Flag of the Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic (1953–1988).svg|20px|border]] [[Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic]] (1940–1990) ** [[File:Flag of the Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic (1952–1990).svg|20px|border]] [[Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic]] (1940–1991) *** [[File:Flag of the Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic (1952–1990).svg|20px|border]] [[Pridnestrovian Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic]] (1990–1991) ** [[File:Flag of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (1954–1991).svg|20px|border]] [[Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic]] (1922–1991) *** {{flagicon image|Turkestan Autonomous SSR Flag.svg}} [[Turkestan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic]] (1918–1924) *** {{flagicon image|Flag of Volga German ASSR.svg}} [[Volga German Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic]] (1918–1941) *** {{flagicon image|Flag of the Bashkir ASSR.svg}} [[Bashkir Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic]] (1919–1991) *** {{flagicon image|Flag of Tatar ASSR.svg}} [[Tatar Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic]] (1920–1990) *** {{flagicon image|Flag of The Kazakh Autonomous Socialist Soviet Republic (1920-36).svg}} [[Kazakh Autonomous Socialist Soviet Republic]] (1920–1936) *** {{flagicon image|}} [[Mountain Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic]] (1921–1924) *** {{flagicon image|Flag of the Dagestan ASSR.svg}} [[Dagestan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic]] (1921–1991) *** {{flagicon image|Flag of the Crimean ASSR (1938).svg}} [[Crimean Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic]] (1921–1945) *** {{flagicon image|Flag of the Yakut ASSR.svg}} [[Yakut Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic]] (1922–1991) *** {{flagicon image|Flag of the Buryat ASSR.svg}} [[Buryat Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic]] (1923–1990) *** {{flagicon image|Flag of Karelian ASSR.svg}} [[Karelian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic]] (1923–1940, 1956–1991) *** {{flagicon image|Flag of the Kirghiz ASSR (1926–1936).svg}} [[Kirghiz Autonomous Socialist Soviet Republic (1926–36)|Kirghiz Autonomous Socialist Soviet Republic]] (1926–1936) *** {{flagicon image|Flag of Mordovian ASSR.svg}} [[Mordovian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic]] (1934–1990) *** {{flagicon image|Flag of Udmurt ASSR.svg}} [[Udmurt Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic]] (1934–1990) *** {{flagicon image|Flag of the Kalmyk ASSR.svg}} [[Kalmyk Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic]] (1935–1943, 1957–1991) *** {{flagicon image|Flag of the Checheno-Ingush ASSR.svg}} [[Checheno-Ingush Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic]] (1936–1944, 1957–1991) *** {{flagicon image|Flag of the Kabardino-Balkar ASSR.svg}} [[Kabardino-Balkarian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic]] (1936–1944, 1957–1991) *** {{flagicon image|Flag of the Komi ASSR.svg}} [[Komi Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic]] (1936–1991) *** {{flagicon image|Flag of Mari ASSR.svg}} [[Mari Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic]] (1936–1991) *** {{flagicon image|Flag of the North Ossetian ASSR.svg}} [[North Ossetian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic]] (1936–1992) *** {{flagicon image|Flag of the Kabardin ASSR (1954-1957).svg}} [[Kabardin Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic]] (1944–1957) *** {{flagicon image|Flag of Tuvan ASSR (1978-1992).svg}} [[Tuvan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic]] (1961–1992) *** {{flagicon image|Flag of the Russian SFSR.svg}} [[Khakas Autonomous Oblast]] (1990–1991) *** {{flagicon image|Flag of the Russian SFSR.svg}} [[Gorno-Altai Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic]] (1990–1991) ** [[File:Flag of the Tajik Soviet Socialist Republic.svg|20px|border]] [[Tajik Soviet Socialist Republic]] (1929–1991) ** [[File:Flag of the Turkmen Soviet Socialist Republic (1973–1991), Flag of Turkmenistan (1991–1992).svg|20px|border]] [[Turkmen Soviet Socialist Republic]] (1924–1991) ** [[File:Flag of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic.svg|20px|border]] [[Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic]] (1922–1991) ** [[File:Flag of the Uzbek Soviet Socialist Republic (1952–1991).svg|20px|border]] [[Uzbek Soviet Socialist Republic]] (1924–1991) * {{flagicon image|Flag of Tungus Republic.svg}} [[Tungus Republic]] (1924–1925)

====Hungary==== * [[File:Flag of Hungary (1867-1918).svg|20px|border]] [[Kingdom of Hungary]] (1000–1804) ** [[File:Flag of Croatia (Early 16th century–1526) (Border).svg|20px|border]] [[Croatia in personal union with Hungary|Kingdom of Croatia]] (1102–1526) ** [[File:Coa Hungary Country History John I of Hungary (Szapolyai) (1526-1540).svg|x20px|border]] [[Eastern Hungarian Kingdom]] (1526–1551, 1556–1570) ** [[File:Banner of Gabriel Bethlen.svg|20px|border]] [[Principality of Transylvania (1570–1711)|Principality of Transylvania]] (1570–1711) ** [[File:Flag of Hungary (15th century, rectangular).svg|20px|border]] [[Principality of Upper Hungary]] (1682–1685) ** [[File:Banner of Gabriel Bethlen.svg|20px|border]] [[Principality of Transylvania (1711–1867)|Principality of Transylvania]] (1711–1804) * [[File:Flag of Louis II of Hungary.svg|20px|border]] [[Kingdom of Hungary (1301–1526)|Kingdom of Hungary]] (1301–1526) * [[File:Flag of Hungary with great coat of arms (1849).svg|20px|border]] [[Hungarian State (1849)|Hungarian State]] (1849) * [[File:Flag of Hungary (1915-1918; angels).svg|20px|border]] [[Lands of the Crown of Saint Stephen|Transliethania]] (1867–1918) * [[File:Flag of Hungary (1918–1919).svg|20px|border]] [[First Hungarian Republic]] (1918–1919) * [[File:Flag of Hungary (1919).svg|20px|border]] [[Hungarian Soviet Republic]] (1919) * [[File:Flag of Hungary (1915-1918, 1919-1946).svg|20px|border]] [[Hungarian Republic (1919–1920)|Hungarian Republic]] (1919–1920) * [[File:Flag of Hungary (1915-1918, 1919-1946).svg|20px|border]] [[Kingdom of Hungary (1920–1946)|Kingdom of Hungary]] (1920–1946) ** [[File:Flag of the Hungarist Movement.svg|20px|border]] [[Government of National Unity (Hungary)|Government of National Unity]] (1944–1945) * [[File:Flag of Hungary (1946-1949, 1956-1957; 1-2 aspect ratio).svg|20px|border]] [[Second Hungarian Republic]] (1946–1949) * [[File:Flag of Hungary.svg|20px|border]] [[Hungarian People's Republic]] (1949–1989)

====Czechia and Slovakia==== * [[File:Banner of arms of Moravia.svg|20px|border]] [[Margraviate of Moravia]] (1182–1918) * [[File:Flag of Bohemia.svg|20px|border]] [[Kingdom of Bohemia]] (1198–1918) * {{flagicon image|Slovak_Flag_(1848).svg}} [[Slovak National Council (1848–49)|Slovak National Council]] (1848–1849) * {{flagicon|TCH}} [[First Czechoslovak Republic]] (1918–1938) * [[File:Socialist red flag.svg|20px|border]] [[Slovak Soviet Republic]] (1919) * {{flagicon|TCH}} [[Second Czechoslovak Republic]] (1938–1939) * [[File:Flag of Slovakia (1939–1945).svg|20px|border]] [[Slovak Republic (1939–1945)|Slovak Republic]] (1939–1945) * {{flagicon|TCH}} [[Third Czechoslovak Republic]] (1945–1948) * {{flagicon|TCH}} [[Czechoslovak Socialist Republic]] (1948–1989; before 1960 as Czechoslovak Republic) * {{flagicon|TCH}} [[Czech and Slovak Federative Republic]] (1990–1992)

====Balkans==== * The [[Albanian language|Albanian-speaking]] world: ** [[File:Flag of Albanian Provisional Government (1912-1914).svg|20px|border]] [[Independent Albania]] (1912–1914) ** [[File:Essad Pasha's flag.svg|20px|border]] [[Republic of Central Albania]] (1913–1914) ** [[File:Flag of Albania (1914–1920).svg|20px|border]] [[Principality of Albania]] (1914–1925) ** [[File:Flag of the Autonomous Republic of Northern Epirus.svg|20px|border]] [[Autonomous Republic of Northern Epirus]] (1914) ** [[File:Flag of Albania (1914–1920).svg|20px|border]] [[Italian expeditionary corps in Albania (World War I)|Italian protectorate over Albania]] (1917–1920) ** [[File:Flag of the Republic of Mirdita.svg|20px|border]] [[Republic of Mirdita]] (1921) ** [[File:Flag of Albania (1934–1939).svg|20px|border]] [[Albanian Kingdom (1928–1939)|Albanian Kingdom]] (1928–1939) ** [[File:Flag of Albania (1939–1943).svg|20px|border]] [[Italian protectorate of Albania (1939–1943)|Italian protectorate of Albania]] (1939–1943) ** [[File:Flag of Albania (1934-1939).svg|20px|border]] [[German occupation of Albania]] (1943–1944) ** [[File:Flag of Albania (1946–1992).svg|20px|border]] [[People's Socialist Republic of Albania]] (1946–1992) ** [[File:Flag of Kosova (1991–1999).svg|20px|border]] [[Republic of Kosova]] (1991–1999) * The [[Serbo-Croatian|Serbo-Croatian-speaking]] world: ** In '''Bosnia''': *** [[File:Banovina Bosna zastava (rotated).png|24x24px]] [[Kingdom of Bosnia]] (1377–1463) *** [[File:OostenrijkHongarije-Bosnie.png|20px|border]] [[Austro-Hungarian rule in Bosnia and Herzegovina|Condominium of Bosnia and Herzegovina]] (1878–1918) *** [[File:Flag of the Croatian Republic of Herzeg-Bosnia.svg|20px|border]] [[Croatian Republic of Herzeg-Bosnia]] (1991–1996) *** [[File:Flag of Bosnia and Herzegovina (1992–1998).svg|20px|border]] [[Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina]] (1992–1995) *** [[File:Flag of the Republika Srpska.svg|20px|border]] [[Republika Srpska (1992–1995)|Republika Srpska]] (1992–1995) *** {{Flagicon image|Flag of the Autonomous Province of Western Bosnia (1993–1995).svg}} [[Autonomous Province of Western Bosnia]] (1993–1995) ** In '''Croatia''': *** [[File:St. Blaise - National Flag of the Ragusan Republic.png|20px|border]] [[Republic of Ragusa]] (1358–1808) *** [[File:Flag of the Kingdom of Croatia (Habsburg).svg|20px|border]] [[Kingdom of Croatia (Habsburg)|Kingdom of Croatia]] (1527–1868) *** [[File:Flag of the Kingdom of Slavonia.svg|20px|border]] [[Kingdom of Slavonia]] (1699–1868) *** [[File:Flag of Croatia-Slavonia with CoA.svg|20px|border]] [[Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia]] (1868–1918) *** [[File:Flag_of_the_State_of_Slovenes,_Croats_and_Serbs.svg|20px|border]] [[State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs]] (1918) *** [[File:Flag of the Free State of Fiume.svg|20px|border]] [[Free State of Fiume]] (1920–1924) *** [[File:Flag of Independent State of Croatia.svg|20px|border]] [[Independent State of Croatia]] (1941–1945) *** [[File:Free Territory Trieste Flag.svg|20px|border]] [[Free Territory of Trieste]] (1947–1954) *** [[File:State Flag of Serbian Krajina (1991).svg|20px|border]] [[Republic of Serbian Krajina]] (1991–1995) ** In '''Montenegro''': *** [[File:Flag of the Prince-Bishopric of Montenegro2.svg|20px|border]] [[Prince-Bishopric of Montenegro]] (1516–1852) *** [[File:Flag of the Principality of Montenegro.svg|20px|border]] [[Principality of Montenegro]] (1852–1910) *** [[File:Flag of the Kingdom of Montenegro.svg|20px|border]] [[Kingdom of Montenegro]] (1910–1918) *** [[File:Flag of Montenegro (1905–1918, 1941–1944).svg|20px|border]] [[Italian governorate of Montenegro]] (1941–1943) *** [[File:Flag of Montenegro (1905–1918, 1941–1944).svg|20px|border]] [[German-occupied territory of Montenegro]] (1943–1944) ** In '''Serbia''': *** [[Kingdom of Serbia (1217–1346)|First Kingdom of Serbia]] (1217–1346) *** [[Serbian Empire]] (1346–1371) *** [[File:Flag of Revolutionary Serbia.svg|20px|border]] [[Revolutionary Serbia]] (1804–1813) *** [[File:Flag of Serbia (1835-1882).svg|20px|border]] [[Principality of Serbia]] (1815–1882) *** [[File:State Flag of Serbia (1882-1918).svg|20px|border]] [[Kingdom of Serbia|Second Kingdom of Serbia]] (1882–1918) *** [[File:Flag of the State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs.svg|20px|border]] [[State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs]] (1918) *** [[File:Flag of Yugoslavia (1918–1941).svg|20px|border]] [[Kingdom of Yugoslavia]] (1929–1943) *** [[File:Flag of SFR Yugoslavia.svg|20px|border]] [[Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia]] (1943–1992) *** {{Flag|Federal Republic of Yugoslavia|1992}} (1992–2003) *** {{Flag|Serbia and Montenegro}} (2003–2006)

* In '''Bulgaria''': ** [[First Bulgarian Empire|First Bulgarian Kingdom/Empire]] (681-1018) ** [[Second Bulgarian Empire|the Second Bulgarian Kingdom or Empire]] (1185–1422) ** {{flagicon|Bulgaria}} [[Principality of Bulgaria]] (1878–1908) ** [[File:Strandzha Commune.svg|20px|border]] [[Strandzha Commune]] (1903) ** {{flagicon|Bulgaria}} [[Kingdom of Bulgaria|the Third Kingdom of Bulgaria]] (1908–1946) ** [[File:Flag of Bulgaria (1971–1990).svg|20px|border]] [[People's Republic of Bulgaria]] (1946–1990)

* In '''North Macedonia''': ** [[File:Flag of the Kruševo Republic.svg|20px|border]] [[Kruševo Republic]] (1903) ** [[File:Flag IMARO.svg|20px|border]] [[Independent Macedonia (1944)|Independent Macedonia]] (1944)

* In Greece: ** [[File:Flag of the Septinsular Republic.svg|20px|border]] [[Septinsular Republic]] (1800–1815) ** [[File:Flag of the United States of the Ionian Islands.svg|20px|border]] [[United States of the Ionian Islands]] (1815–1864) ** [[File:Flag of the Principality of Samos (1834–1912).svg|20px|border]] [[Principality of Samos]] (1815–1864) ** [[File:Areios Pagos Anatolikis Ellados.svg|20px|border]] [[Areopagus of Eastern Continental Greece]] (1821–1825) ** [[File:Flag of Greece (1822-1978).svg|20px|border]] [[First Hellenic Republic]] (1828–1832) ** [[File:State Flag of Greece (1863-1924 and 1935-1970).svg|20px|border]] [[Kingdom of Greece]] (1832–1924, 1935–1941, 1944–1974) ** [[File:Flag of Cretan State.svg|20px|border]] [[Cretan State]] (1898–1913) ** [[File:Flag of the Free State of Ikaria.svg|20px|border]] [[Ikaria|Free State of Ikaria]] (1912) ** [[File:Flag of Greece (1822-1978).svg|20px|border]] [[Second Hellenic Republic]] (1924–1935)

* In the [[Romanian language|Romanian-speaking]] world (including Daco-Romanian and Aromanian): ** [[Second Bulgarian Empire|the Second Bulgarian Kingdom (a.k.a. the Vlach–Bulgarian Empire]]) [1185–1422] ** [[File:Flag_of_Transylvania_(1350).svg|20px|border]] [[Voivodship of Transylvania]] (12^th century–1541) ** [[File:Flag of Wallachia.svg|20px|border]] [[Wallachia|Principality of Wallachia]] (1330–1859) ** [[File:Flag of Moldavia.svg|20px|border]] [[Moldavia|Principality of Moldavia]] (1346–1859) ** [[File:Transsylvanian_Banner.svg|20px|border]] [[Principality of Transylvania (1570–1711)|Principality of Transylvania]] (1570–1711) ** [[File:Flag_of_Transylvania_before_1918.svg|20px|border]] [[Principality of Transylvania (1711–1867)|Grand Principality of Transylvania]] (1711–1867) ** [[File:Flag_of_Bukowina.svg|20px|border]] [[Duchy of Bukovina]] (1849–1918) ** [[File:Flag of the United Principalities of Romania (1862–1866).svg|20px|border]] [[United Principalities|United Principalities of Moldavia and Wallachia]] (1859–1881) ** {{flagicon|Romania}} [[Kingdom of Romania]] (1881–1947) ** [[File:Flag of Italy (1861-1946) crowned.svg|20px|border]] [[Italian Islands of the Aegean]] (1912–1945) ** [[File:Flag of Aromanians in Paris Peace Conference.svg|20px|border]] [[Samarina Republic]] (1917) ** [[File:National flag of the Moldavian Democratic Republic.svg|20px|border]] [[Moldavian Democratic Republic]] (1917–1918) ** [[File:Socialist red flag.svg|20px|border]] [[Banat Republic]] (1918–1919) ** [[File:Flag of Aromanians in Paris Peace Conference.svg|20px|border]] [[Principality of the Pindus]] (1941–1942) ** [[File:Flag of Romania (1965–1989).svg|20px|border]] [[Communist Romania|Romanian People's Republic, then the Socialist Republic of Romania]] (1947–1989) * In Slovenia: ** [[File:Counts of Celje coat of arms (1-4).svg|20px|border]] [[County of Cilli]] (1341–1456) * In Turkey: ** [[File:Byzantine imperial flag, 14th century, square.svg|20px|border]] [[Byzantine Empire]] (395–1453) *** [[File:Arms of the House of de la Roche.svg|24x24px]] [[Duchy of Athens]] (1205–1458) *** [[Despotate of Epirus]] (1356–1479) ** [[File:Flag of the Ottoman Empire.svg|20px|border]] [[Ottoman Empire]] ({{circa|1299}}–1922) ** [[File:Flag of the Ottoman Empire (1844–1922).svg|20px|border]] [[Government of the Grand National Assembly]] (1920–1923)

====Caucasus==== * [[File:Flag of Kingdom of Georgia.svg|20px|border]] [[Kingdom of Georgia]] (1008–1490) * [[File:Banner of the Kingdom of Imereti.svg|20px|border]] [[Kingdom of Imereti]] (1260–1810) * [[File:Flag of the Principality of Samtskhe.svg|border|20x20px]] [[Samtskhe-Saatabago]] (1266–1625) * [[File:Flag of Avars.svg|20px|border]] [[Avar Khanate]] (13^th century–1864) * [[File:Circassian flag.svg|20px|border]] [[Circassia]] (13^th century–1864) * [[File:Flag of Kabardia.svg|20px|border]] [[Kabardia]] ({{circa|1453}}–{{circa|1825}}) * [[File:Banner of Guria.svg|20px|border]] [[Principality of Guria]] (1460–1829) * [[File:Banner of the Principality of Svaneti.svg|20px|border]] [[Principality of Svaneti]] (1463–1858) * [[File:Flag of Kingdom of Kakheti.svg|20px|border]] [[Kingdom of Kakheti]] (1465–1762) * [[File:Kingdom of Kartli.png|border|20x20px]] [[Kingdom of Kartli]] (1478–1762) * [[File:Flag of The Principality of Mingrelia (Portolan 1560).svg|20px|border]] [[Principality of Mingrelia]] (1557–1867) * [[Elisu Sultanate]] (1604–1844) * [[File:Flag of the Nakhichevan Khanate.svg|20px|border]] [[Nakhichevan Khanate]] (1747–1828) * [[File:Coat of arms of the Kingdom of Kartli-Kakheti.svg|25px]] [[Kingdom of Kartli-Kakheti]] (1762–1801) * {{Flagicon image|Thirdimamateflag.svg}} [[Caucasian Imamate]] (1828–1859) * [[File:Flag of the Mountain Republic.svg|20px|border]] [[Mountainous Republic of the Northern Caucasus]] (1917–1921) * [[File:Flag of Georgia (1918–1921, 4-5).svg|23px|border]] [[Democratic Republic of Georgia]] (1918–1921) * {{flagicon|Armenia}} [[First Republic of Armenia]] (1918–1920) * {{flagicon image|Flag of the Republic of Aras.svg}} [[Republic of Aras]] (1918–1919) * {{flagicon image|Flag of the Centrocaspian Dictatorship.svg}} [[Centrocaspian Dictatorship]] (1918) * {{flagdeco|Russia}} [[Provisional Military Dictatorship of Mughan|Military Dictatorship of Mughan]] (1918–1919) * {{flagicon image|Baku_Commune.png}} [[Baku Commune]] (1918) * {{flagicon|Azerbaijan}} [[Democratic Republic of Azerbaijan]] (1918–1920) * [[File:Flag of the Transcaucasian Federation.svg|23px|border]] [[Transcaucasian Democratic Federative Republic]] (February 1918–May 1918) * [[File:Flag of North Caucasian Emirate.svg|20px|border]] [[North Caucasian Emirate]] (1919–1920) * {{flagdeco|Armenia}} [[Republic of Mountainous Armenia]] (April 1921–July 1921) * [[File:Flag of Chechen Republic of Ichkeria.svg|border|23px]] [[Chechen Republic of Ichkeria]] (1991–2000) * {{flagicon|Artsakh}} [[Republic of Artsakh]] (1991–2024)

===North America=== {{See also|:Category:Former countries in North America}}

==== Belize ==== * [[Chetumal (province)|Chetumal]] (1544) * [[Dzuluinicob]] (1544) * [[Manche Chol]] (1704) * [[Mopan (territory)|Mopan]] (1720s)

==== Canada ==== * [[Huronia (region)|Huronia (Wendake)]] (1649) * [[Neutral Confederacy]] (1650s) * [[Council of Three Fires]] (1776) * [[Seven Nations of Canada]] (1797) * [[File:Flag of Madawaska.svg|20px|border]] [[Republic of Madawaska]] (1827) * [[File:Flag of the Republic of Canada (variant).svg|20px|border]] [[Republic of Canada]] (1837–1838) * [[File:Flag of the Patriote movement (Lower Canada).svg|24x24px]] [[Republic of Lower Canada]] (1838) * [[File:Mikmaq State Flag (vertical).svg|20px|border]] [[Miꞌkmaꞌki]] (1867) * [[File:Flag of Manitoba.svg|20px|border]] [[Republic of Manitoba]] (1867–1870) * [[Kulhulmcilh]] (1869) * [[Iron Confederacy]] (1885) * [[File:Provisional Government of Saskatchewan flag.svg|20px|border]] [[Provisional Government of Saskatchewan]] (1885) * [[File:Flag of Newfoundland (1904–1949).svg|20px|border]] [[Dominion of Newfoundland]] (1907–1949) * [[Rupert's Land]] * [[Nova Scotia (Now a province)]] * [[New Brunswick (Now A Province)]] * [[Prince Edward's Island (Now a province)]]

==== Caribbean Islands ==== * [[File:Flag_of_the_Flying_Gang.svg|20px|border]] [[Republic of Pirates]] (1706–1718) * [[File:Flag of Haiti 1964 (civil).svg|20px|border]] [[First Empire of Haiti]] (1804–1806) * [[File:Flag of Haiti (civil).svg|20px|border]] [[Republic of Haiti (1806–1820)|Republic of South Haiti]] (1806–1820) * [[File:Flag of Haiti (1806–1811).svg|20px|border]] [[State of Haiti]] (1806–1811) * [[File:Flag of Haiti (1814–1820).svg|20px|border]] [[Kingdom of Haiti]] (1811–1820) * [[File:Flag of Spanish Haiti.svg|20px|border]] [[Republic of Spanish Haiti]] (1821–1822) * [[File:Flag of the Dominican First Republic.svg|20px|border]] [[First Republic (Dominican Republic)|First Dominican Republic]] (1844–1861) * [[File:Flag of Grito de Lares (current, medium blue).svg|25px|border]] [[Republic of Puerto Rico]] (1868, 1898) * [[File:Flag of the West Indies Federation (1958–1962).svg|20px|border]] [[West Indies Federation]] (1958–1962) * [[File:Flag of Anguilla (1967-1969).svg|20px|border]] [[Republic of Anguilla]] (1967–1969)

==== Guatemala ==== * [[File:Flag of the Federal Republic of Central America.svg|20px|border]] [[United Provinces of Central America]] (1823–1839/1841) * [[File:Flag of Los Altos.svg|20px|border]] [[Los Altos (state)|State of Los Altos]] (1838–1840, 1848–1849)

==== Mexico ==== * [[File:Zapotec banner.jpg|border|140x140px]] [[Zapotec civilization]] ({{circa|700 BC}}–1521 AD) * [[File:Cocollan.jpg|20px|border]] [[Cocollán]] (1100–1521) * [[Aztec Empire]] (1428–1521) * [[Mexican War of Independence|Governing Junta of Mexico]] (1808) * [[File:Flag of the Three Guarantees.svg|20px|border]] [[Solemn Act of the Declaration of Independence of Northern America|Northern America]] (1813) * [[File:Bandera del Primer Imperio Mexicano.svg|20px|border]] [[First Mexican Empire]] (1821–1823) * [[File:Flag of Mexico (1823-1864, 1867-1893).svg|20px|border]] [[Provisional Government of Mexico]] (1823–1824) * [[File:Bandera de la Primera República Federal de los Estados Unidos Mexicanos.svg|20px|border]] [[First Mexican Republic]] (1824–1835) * [[File:Bandera de la República Central Mexicana.svg|20px|border]] [[Centralist Republic of Mexico]] (1835–1846) * [[File:Flag of the Republic of the Rio Grande (historical).svg|20px|border]] [[Republic of the Rio Grande]] (1840) * [[File:Flag of the Republic of Yucatan.svg|20px|border]] [[Republic of Yucatán]] (1841–1848) * [[File:Bandera de la Segunda República Federal de los Estados Unidos Mexicanos.svg|20px|border]] [[Second Federal Republic of Mexico]] (1846–1863) * [[File:Flag of the Republic of Sonora.svg|20px|border]] [[Republic of Sonora]] (1853–1854) * [[File:Flag of the Republic of Lower California.svg|20px|border]] [[Republic of Baja California]] (1853–1854) * [[File:Flag of the Second Mexican Empire.svg|20px|border]] [[Second Mexican Empire]] (1864–1867)

==== United States ==== * [[File:Flag of the Iroquois Confederacy.svg|20px|border]] [[Iroquois Confederacy]] (between 1142 and 1660–1867) * [[Coosa chiefdom]] (c. 1600) * [[Tsenacommacah]] (1600–1677) * [[Tovaangar]] (18^th century) * [[Watauga Association|Republic of Watauga]] (1772–1778) * [[Council of Three Fires]] (1776) * [[File:Flag of the Vermont Republic.svg|20px|border]] [[Vermont Republic]] (1777–1791) * [[File:Flag of the Choctaw Brigade.svg|20px|border]] [[Choctaw Nation|Chahta Yakni]] (1786–1866) * [[File:Flag of the Cherokee Nation.svg|20px|border]] [[Cherokee Nation (1794–1907)|Tsalagiyi (ᏣᎳᎩᏱ)]] [1794–1865] * [[Northwestern Confederacy]] (1783–1795) ** [[Wabash Confederacy]] (1780–1792) ** [[Tecumseh's confederacy]] (1808–1813) * [[State of Franklin]] (1784–1788) * [[Trans-Oconee Republic]] (1794) * [[File:Flag of the Creek Nation.svg|20px|border]] [[State of Muskogee]] (1799–1803) * [[Yazoo lands]] (1802) * [[File:West Florida Flag.svg|20px|border]] [[Republic of West Florida]] (1810) * [[File:East Florida Patriot Flag.svg|24x24px]] [[Republic of East Florida]] (1812) * [[File:Green Cross flag of Florida.svg|24x24px]] [[Republic of the Floridas]] (1817) * [[Lenapehoking]] (1830) * [[Illinois Confederation]] (1832) * [[Republic of Indian Stream]] (1832–1835) * [[File:Flag of Texas.svg|20px|border]] [[Republic of Texas]] (1836–1846) * [[File:Oregon Provisional Government Seal.png|20px|border]] [[Provisional Government of Oregon]] (1841/1843–1849) * [[Comancheria]] (1845) * [[File:1stBearFlag.svg|20px|border]] [[California Republic]] (June 14 – July 9, 1846) * [[File:Alleged Mormon flag 1877.svg|20px|border]] [[State of Deseret]] (1849–1850) * [[File:Flag of The Great Republic of Rough and Ready.svg|20px|border]] [[The Great Republic of Rough and Ready]] (1850) * [[File:Flag of South Carolina (1861).svg|20px|border]] [[Palmetto Republic]] (1860–1861) * [[File:Flag of the Alabama Secession Convention (reproduction, obverse).svg|20px|border]] [[Alabama Republic]] (1861) * [[File:Flag of Louisiana (February 1861).svg|20px|border]] [[Republic of Louisiana]] (1861) * [[File:Flag of the State of Georgia (1861, red).svg|20px|border]] [[Georgia in the American Civil War|Republic of Georgia]] (1861) * [[File:Flag of Mississippi (1861-1865).svg|20px|border]] [[Republic of Mississippi]] (1861) * {{Flag|Confederate States of America}} (1861–1865)

===Oceania=== {{see also|List of predecessors of sovereign states in Oceania}}

* [[File:Flag of Bora Bora.svg|20px|border]] [[Kingdom of Bora Bora]] (till 1888 or 1895) * [[File:Flag of Raiatea.svg|20px|border]] [[Kingdom of Raiatea]] (till 1888, French protectorate since 1880) * [[File:Flag of Huahine.svg|20px|border]] [[Kingdom of Huahine]] (till 1895, French protectorate since 1888) * [[File:Flag of Rurutu.svg|20px|border]] [[Kingdom of Rurutu]] (till 1900, French protectorate since 1888) * [[File:Flag of Rimatara.svg|20px|border]] [[Kingdom of Rimatara]] (till 1901, French protectorate since 1888) * [[File:Flag of the Kingdom of Tahuata (1837-1842).svg|20px|border]] [[Kingdom of Tahuata]] (till 1880, French protectorate since 1842) * [[File:Flag of Rapa.svg|20px|border]] [[Kingdom of Rapa Iti]] (till 1881, kingship continued to 1887) * [[File:Flag of the Kingdom of Mangareva 1832-1843.svg|border|22x22px]] [[Kingdom of Mangareva]] (till 1881, French protectorate since 1844/1871) * Taiohae Kingdom of [[Nuku Hiva]] (till 1901, sovereignty ceded to France in 1842) * [[File:Easter Island flag 1876 to 1888.svg|20px|border]] [[Kingdom of Rapa Nui]] (till 1888) * Kingdom of [[Nauru]] (till 1888) * [[Tuʻi Tonga Empire]] ({{circa|450}}–1865) * [[Saudeleur dynasty]] ({{circa|1100|1628}}) * [[File:Flag of Uvea (1842-1860).svg|border|25x25px]] [[Uvea (Wallis and Futuna)|Kingdom of ʻUvea]] (15^th century–1887) * [[Alo (Wallis and Futuna)|Kingdom of Alo]] (1565–1888) * [[Niue#History|Kingdom of Niuē-Fekai]] ({{circa|1700}}–1901) * [[Sigave|Kingdom of Sigave]] (1784–1888) * [[File:Flag of the Kingdom of Tahiti.svg|20px|border]] [[Kingdom of Tahiti]] (1788/91–1880, French protectorate since 1842) * {{flagicon image|Kingdom of Abemama Flag.svg}} [[Kingdom of Abemama]] (1795–1892) * [[File:Flag of Hawaii (1816).svg|20px|border]] [[Kingdom of Hawaii]] (1795–1893) * [[File:Flag of the Kingdom of Mangareva 1832-1843.svg|20px|border]] [[Mangareva]] (1881) * [[File:Flag of the Tuamotu Islands.svg|20px|border]] [[Kingdom of Tuamotu]] (1832–1843) * [[File:Flag of Rarotonga 1888-1893.svg|20px|border]] [[Kingdom of Rarotonga]] (1858–1893) * [[File:Flag of the United Kingdom of Fiji 1871-1874.svg|20px|border]] [[Fiji during the time of Cakobau|Kingdom of Fiji]] (1871–1874) * [[File:Flag of Hawaii (1816).svg|20px|border]] [[Provisional Government of Hawaii]] (1893–1894) * [[File:Flag of Hawaii (1816).svg|20px|border]] [[Republic of Hawaii]] (1894–1898) * [[File:Flag of Fiji.svg|20px|border]] [[Dominion of Fiji]] (1970–1987) * {{flagicon image|Flag of the People's Provisional Government of Vanuatu (1977-1978).svg}} [[Vanua'aku Pati|People's Provisional Government of Vanuatu]] (1977–1978) * {{flagicon image|Flag of Vemerana.svg}} [[Nagriamel#History|Republic of Vemerana]] (1980) * [[File:Flag of Rotuma (1987-1988).svg|border|20px]] [[Republic of Rotuma]] (1987–1988)

===South America=== ==== Argentina ==== * {{flagicon image|Flag of Argentina (1818).svg}} [[United Provinces of the Río de la Plata]] (1810–1831) * [[File:Flag of Artigas.svg|20px|border]] [[Liga Federal]] (1815–1820) * {{flagicon image|Flag of Artigas.svg}} [[Republic of Entre Ríos]] (1820–1821) * {{flagicon image|Republica de tucuman.png}} [[Republic of Tucumán]] (1820–1821) * {{flagicon image|Flag of the Argentine Confederation.svg}} [[Argentine Confederation]] (1831–1861) * {{flagicon image|Flag of the State of Buenos Aires.svg}} [[State of Buenos Aires]] (1852–1861) * {{flagicon image|Flag of the Kingdom of Araucanía and Patagonia.svg}} [[Kingdom of Araucanía and Patagonia]] (1860–1862)

==== Bolivia ==== * [[:es:Señorío pacajes|Pacajes Kingdom]] (1100–1480) * {{flagdeco|Bolivia|1825}} [[History of Bolivia (1809–1920)#Creating Bolivia: Bolívar, Sucre, and Santa Cruz|State of Upper Peru]] (1825) * {{flagdeco|Bolivia|1825}} [[History of Bolivia (1809–1920)#Creating Bolivia: Bolívar, Sucre, and Santa Cruz|Republic of Bolívar]] (1825) * {{flagdeco|Bolivia|1831}} [[Republic of Upper Peru]] (1828) * {{flagdeco|Bolivia|1831}} [[Bolivian Republic (Peru-Bolivian Confederation)|Bolivian Republic]] (1836–1839) * {{flagdeco|Peru-Bolivian Confederation}} [[Peru-Bolivian Confederation]] (1836–1839)

==== Brazil ==== * [[:pt:Missões jesuíticas no oeste do Paraná|Theocratic Republic of Guairá]] (1627–1632) * [[File:Flag of Artigas.svg|20px|border]] [[Liga Federal]] (1815–1820) * [[File:Bandeira de Pernambuco.svg|20px|border]] [[Pernambucan revolution|Pernambuco]] (1817) * {{flag|Empire of Brazil}} (1822–1889) * {{flagicon image|Bandeira da Confedereção do Equador.svg|border}} [[Confederation of the Equator]] (1824) * {{flagicon image|Flag of Piratini Republic.svg|border}} [[Riograndense Republic]] (1836–1845) * {{flagicon image|Flag of República Juliana (1839).svg|border}} [[Juliana Republic]] (1839) * {{flagicon image|Flag of the Republic of Independent Guyana (1887-1904).svg|border}} [[Republic of Counani]] (1886–1891) * [[File:Flag of the Principality of Trinidad.svg|20px|border]] [[Principality of Trinidad]] (1893–1895) * {{flag|Republic of Acre}} (1899–1900, 1903)

==== Chile ==== * [[Government Junta of Chile (1810)|Government Junta of Chile]] (1810) * [[File:Flag of Chile (1812-1814).svg|20px|border]] [[Patria Vieja|Kingdom of Chile]] (1810–1814) * [[File:State Ensign of Chile (1819-1834).svg|20px|border]] [[Patria Nueva|New State of Chile]] (1819–1826) * [[File:Flag of Chile.svg|20px|border]] [[Conservative Republic]] (1830–1861) * [[File:Flag of the Kingdom of Araucanía and Patagonia.svg|20px|border]] [[Kingdom of Araucania and Patagonia]] (1862)

==== Colombia ==== * [[File:Bandera de la confederacion muisca.png|20px|border]] [[Muisca Confederation]] (1450–1537) * [[File:Flag of Bolívar (Colombia).svg|20px|border]] [[Cartagena Province|Governing Junta of the Province of Cartagena]] (1810–1811) * [[File:Flag of Valle del Cauca.svg|20px|border]] [[Valle del Cauca Department|Governing Junta of Santiago de Cali]] (1810–1811) * [[File:Flag of New Granada (1811-1814).svg|20px|border]] [[Cartagena Province|Free State of Cartagena]] (1811) * [[File:Flag of Valle del Cauca.svg|20px|border]] [[Valle del Cauca Department|Confederate Cities of Valle del Cauca]] (1811) * [[File:Flag of Cundinamarca.svg|20px|border]] [[Free and Independent State of Cundinamarca]] (1811–1815) * [[File:Flag of New Granada (1811-1814).svg|20px|border]] [[United Provinces of New Granada]] (1811–1816) * [[File:Flag of New Granada (1814-1816).svg|20px|border]] [[Free State of Mariquita]] (1814–1816) * [[File:Flag of the Gran Colombia.svg|20px|border]] [[Gran Colombia]] (1819–1831) * [[File:Flag of New Granada.svg|20px|border]] [[Republic of New Granada]] (1831–1858)

==== Ecuador ==== * [[File:Flag of Quito Revolution (1809–1812).svg|20px|border]] [[State of Quito]] (1809–1812) * [[File:Flag of the Gran Colombia.svg|20px|border]] [[Gran Colombia]] (1819–1831) * [[File:Bandera de Guayaquil.svg|20px|border]] [[Free Province of Guayaquil]] (1820–1822)

==== Paraguay ==== * [[File:Flag of Paraguay (1954-1988).svg|20px|border]] [[El Stronato]] (1954–1989)

==== Peru ==== * [[Chimú culture|Kingdom of Chimor]] ({{circa|900}}–1470) * [[:es:Señorío de Canas|Canas Kingdom]] (1100–1480) * [[:es:Señorío de Canchis|Canchis Kingdom]] (1100–1480) * [[Colla Kingdom]] (1150–1463) * [[Lupaca|Lupaca Kingdom]] (1150–1600) * [[File:Suntur Paucar.svg|20px|border]] [[Inca Empire]] (1438–1533) * {{flagdeco|Peru|1821}} [[Protectorate of Peru]] (1821–1822) * [[File:Flag of Huanta.svg|20px|border]] [[Iquicha]] (1821–1839) * {{flagdeco|Peru|south}} [[Republic of South Peru]] (1836–1839) * {{flagdeco|Peru|north}} [[Republic of North Peru]] (1836–1839) * {{flagdeco|Peru-Bolivian Confederation}} [[Peru-Bolivian Confederation]] (1836–1839) * {{flagdeco|Peru|north}} [[Peruvian Republic (1837)|Peruvian Republic]] (1837) * {{flagdeco|Peru|north}} [[Peruvian Republic (1838–1839)|Peruvian Republic]] (1838–1839) * [[Federal State of Loreto]] (1896) * [[Jungle Nation]] (1899–1900)

==== Uruguay ==== * [[Argentine War of Independence|Governing Junta of Montevideo]] (1808–1809) * [[File:Flag of Artigas.svg|20px|border]] [[Liga Federal]] (1815–1820)

==== Venezuela ==== * [[File:Flag of Junta Suprema de Caracas.svg|20px|border]] [[Supreme Junta]] (1810–1811) * [[File:Segunda bandera de la Primera República de Venezuela (version 1).svg|20px|border]] [[First Republic of Venezuela]] (1811–1812) * [[File:Bandera de la Guerra a Muerte.svg|20px|border]] [[Second Republic of Venezuela]] (1813–1814) * [[File:Bandera de la Tercera República de Venezuela, 1817-1819.svg|20px|border]] [[Third Republic of Venezuela]] (1817–1819) * [[File:Flag of the Gran Colombia.svg|20px|border]] [[Gran Colombia]] (1819–1831)

=== Other === * {{Flagicon image|Flag of the Islands of Refreshment.svg}} [[Islands of Refreshment]] (1811–1816)

==Modern states and territories by type==

===Dismembered countries=== These states are now dissolved into a number of states. * {{Flag|Nazi Germany|name=Greater German Reich}} – Dissolved in 1945, its former territory now consists of the entirety of the countries of [[Austria]] and [[Germany]], plus parts of what are now: [[Belarus]], the [[Czech Republic]], [[France]], [[Luxembourg]], [[Poland]], [[Russia]], [[Belgium]], the [[Netherlands]], [[Denmark]], [[Norway]], [[Greece]], [[Serbia]], [[Estonia]], [[Latvia]], [[Lithuania]], [[Ukraine]] and [[Slovenia]]. * {{Flagcountry|Empire of Brazil|name=Empire of Brazil}} – An empire created after Brazil declared its independence in 1822 and dissolved in 1889, now the countries of [[Brazil]] and [[Uruguay]] (who declared its independence in 1825 and was recognized in 1828). * {{Flagcountry|Federal Republic of Central America}} – Existed from 1821 to 1841, broken up into: [[Guatemala]], [[Belize]], [[El Salvador]], [[Honduras]], [[Nicaragua]] and [[Free State of Costa Rica|Costa Rica]]. * {{flag|Republic of China (1912–1949)|name=Republic of China (Mainland Period)}} – Polity existed to 7 December 1949 and its territory now controlled by: the [[China|People's Republic of China]] ([[Mainland China]]); [[Mongolia]]; portion of the territory claimed by [[India]] and [[Japan]]; and parts of [[Afghanistan]], [[Bhutan]], [[Pakistan]], [[Russia]] and [[Tajikistan]]. The [[rump state]] still known as the "[[Taiwan|Republic of China]]" continues to control [[Geography of Taiwan|Taiwan]] and [[Penghu]], which were acquired from Japan in 1945, as well as [[Kinmen]] and [[Matsu Island]]s, forming part of the rump [[Fujian Province, Republic of China|Fujian Province]]. See also the [[political status of Taiwan]] and the [[Theory of the Undetermined Status of Taiwan]]. * {{Flagcountry|Czechoslovakia}} – Existed from 1918 to 1992, the country wasn't active in [[World War II]], but the government was [[Czechoslovak government-in-exile|in exile]], dissolved in 1992, and broken up into the [[Czech Republic]] and [[Slovakia]]. * {{Flagcountry|Korean Empire}} – Ceased to exist in 1910, its former territory now consists of the entirety of territory controlled by [[North Korea]] and [[South Korea]] plus a portion of territory claimed by [[Japan]]. * {{Flagicon image|Flag of Mali (1959-1961).svg}} [[Mali Federation]]&nbsp;– In 1959 formed by [[Senegal]] and [[French Sudan]], both parts of [[French West Africa]], as an independent nation. It collapsed in 1960 and is now [[Senegal]] and [[Mali]]. * {{Flagicon image|Flag of the United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil, and Algarves.svg}} [[United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves|Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves]] (''Reino Unido de Portugal, Brasil e Algarves'') – Created in 1815 when Brazil was upgraded to the rank of kingdom once the Portuguese royal family was living in [[Rio de Janeiro]] since 1809. This country was dissolved in 1822 when [[Brazil]] became independent. Now the countries of: [[Portugal]], Brazil, [[Cape Verde|Cabo Verde]], [[São Tomé and Príncipe]], [[Angola]], [[East Timor]] and [[Mozambique]]. * {{Flagcountry|Rhodesia}} – Dissolved in 1979, now the country of [[Zimbabwe]]. * {{Flag|Serbia and Montenegro}} – Dissolved in 2006, now the countries of [[Montenegro]], [[Serbia]], and the partially recognized [[Kosovo]]. * {{Flagicon image|Flag of Somalia.svg}} [[Somali Republic]] – Dissolved in 1991, now the countries of [[Somalia]] and unrecognized [[Somaliland]]. * {{Flag|Soviet Union}} – Dissolved in 1991, now the countries of: [[Armenia]], [[Azerbaijan]], [[Belarus]], [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]], [[Kazakhstan]], [[Kyrgyzstan]], [[Moldova]], [[Russia]], [[Tajikistan]], [[Turkmenistan]], [[Ukraine]] and [[Uzbekistan]]. The Baltic countries were annexed by the Soviet Union until 1991 ([[Estonia]], [[Latvia]], and [[Lithuania]]) were not recognized by most Western countries de jure part of the Soviet Union. * {{Flagicon image|Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Republic_(1958–1971),_Flag_of_Syria_(1980–2024).svg}} [[United Arab Republic]]&nbsp;– A union formed by [[Egypt]] and [[Syria]] in 1958. It was dissolved in 1961, though Egypt used the name until 1971. Other [[Pan-Arab]] unity agreements with [[Iraq]] and [[Jordan]] in the 1950s failed. * [[United Arab States]] – A confederation formed by the [[United Arab Republic]] and [[Mutawakkilite Kingdom of Yemen|North Yemen]] in 1958; it was dissolved in 1961. * {{Flagcountry|Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia}} – Dissolved in 1991 and 1992, now the countries of: [[Bosnia and Herzegovina]], [[Croatia]], [[Montenegro]], [[North Macedonia]], [[Serbia]], [[Slovenia]] and the partially recognized [[Kosovo]].

===Nominally independent homelands of South Africa=== Four of the [[Homeland (South Africa)|homelands]], or [[bantustan]]s, for [[Black (racial term)|black]] South Africans, were granted nominal independence by the [[apartheid]] regime of [[South Africa]]. Not recognised by other nations, these effectively were [[puppet state]]s and were [[political union|re-incorporated]] in 1994. * {{Flagicon image|Flag of Bophuthatswana (1972–1994).svg}} [[Bophuthatswana]]&nbsp;– Declared independent in 1977, reincorporated in 1994. * {{Flagicon image|Flag of Ciskei.svg}} [[Ciskei]]&nbsp;– Declared independent in 1981, reincorporated in 1994. * {{Flagicon image|Flag of Transkei.svg}} [[Transkei]]&nbsp;– Declared independent in 1976, reincorporated in 1994. * {{Flagicon image|Flag of Venda (1973–1994).svg}} [[Venda (Bantustan)|Venda]]&nbsp;– Declared independent in 1979, reincorporated in 1994.

===Secessionist states=== These nations declared themselves independent, but failed to achieve it in fact or did not seek permanent independence and were either re-incorporated into the mother country or incorporated into another country. * {{Flagicon image|Flag of Ukraine.svg}} [[Carpatho-Ukraine]]&nbsp;– Declared independence from [[Second Czechoslovak Republic|Czechoslovakia]] in 1939, but was occupied and [[Annexation|annexed]] by [[Kingdom of Hungary (1920–1946)|Hungary]] in one day. * [[Cartagena Canton]]&nbsp;– The haven city of [[Cartagena, Spain]], seceded from the [[First Spanish Republic]] in 1873. * {{Flagicon image|Flag of Catalonia.svg}} [[Catalan Republic (1931)|Catalan Republic]] (April 14–17, 1931). * {{Flagicon image|Flag of Chechen Republic of Ichkeria.svg}} [[Chechnya]]&nbsp;– Virtually independent from Russia from 1996 as '''[[Chechen Republic of Ichkeria]]'''; however, the country was recognized only by the [[Taliban]]. After terrorist attacks in 1999 the republic was returned to Russia's control in the [[Second Chechen War]]. * {{Flagcountry|Confederate States of America|1861}}&nbsp;– Occupied the southeastern [[United States]], stretching from [[Texas]] to [[Virginia]]. Declared secession from the U.S. in 1861, reintegrated into the U.S. in 1865. [[Reconstruction era of the United States|Reconstruction]] ended in 1876 and U.S. troops withdrew as an occupation force in 1877. [[South Carolina]] was the first state to declare its secession from the United States, doing so on December 20, 1860. Political factions in the "border states" of [[Kentucky]] and [[Missouri]] declared themselves parts of the Confederacy and controlled small portions of those regions early in the war. The major Indian tribes in Oklahoma signed an alliance with the Confederacy and participated in its military efforts against the U.S. * {{Flagicon image|Flag of the Crimean ASSR (1938).svg}} [[Crimean Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic]] – Declared independence from [[Ukraine]] in 1992 but soon settled for being an autonomous republic within Ukraine. * [[Cruzob]] – Achieved independence from Mexico in 1856 but was re-annexed in 1901. * {{Flagicon image|Flag of Green Ukraine.svg}} [[Green Ukraine]]&nbsp;– Declared independence from [[Far Eastern Republic]] in 1920, dissolved in 1922. * {{Flagicon image|Flag of the Croatian Republic of Herzeg-Bosnia.svg}} [[Croatian Republic of Herzeg-Bosnia|Herzeg-Bosnia]]&nbsp;– Separated from [[Bosnia and Herzegovina]] in 1992, reincorporated into the country in 1994. * {{Flagicon image|Flag of Italy.svg}} [[Italian Social Republic]] (1943–1945) * {{Flagicon image|Flag of Katanga.svg}} [[Katanga Province|Katanga]]&nbsp;– Declared its independence of the newly formed [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]] in 1960, was incorporated again into the country in 1963. * {{Flagicon image|State Flag of Serbian Krajina (1991).svg}} [[Republic of Serbian Krajina|Serbian Krajina]]&nbsp;– Declared independence from [[Croatia]] in 1991, reincorporated into the country in 1995. * {{Flagicon image|Flag of South Kasai.svg}} [[South Kasai]]&nbsp;– Declared independence from the [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]] in June 1960, reincorporated into the country in December 1961. * {{Flagicon image|Flag of Russia-2.png|size=23px}} [[Supreme Administration of Northern Region]]&nbsp;– Proclaimed independent in 1918, later became the [[Provisional Government of the Northern Region]]. * {{Flagcountry|Republika Srpska (1992–95)}}&nbsp;– Separated from [[Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina|Bosnia and Herzegovina]] in 1992, reincorporated into the country in 1995. * {{Flagicon image|Flag of the Principality of Trinidad.svg}} [[Principality of Trinidad]]&nbsp;– Declared independence in 1893, claimed by United Kingdom in 1895, but incorporated by Brazil. * {{Flagicon image|Flag of the Autonomous Province of Western Bosnia (1993–1995).svg}} [[Autonomous Province of Western Bosnia|Western Bosnia]]&nbsp;– Declared independence from [[Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina|Bosnia and Herzegovina]] in 1993 and reincorporated into it in 1995. * {{flag|Novorossiya}} – Established in 2015 as a result of the merger of the [[Donetsk People's Republic]] with the [[Luhansk People's Republic]], and at the beginning of 2015 the confederation project was suspended. ** {{flag|Donetsk People's Republic}} – Declared independence on April 7, 2014. As a result of a staged [[2022 annexation referendums in Russian-occupied Ukraine|referendum]] of September 30, 2022, it was incorporated as a [[Russian Republics|republic]] into the [[Russia|Russian Federation]]. The incorporation is not recognised. ** {{flag|Luhansk People's Republic}} – Declared independence on April 27, 2014. As a result of a staged referendum of September 30, 2022, it was [[Russian annexation of Donetsk, Kherson, Luhansk and Zaporizhzhia oblasts|incorporated]] as a [[Russian Republics|republic]] into the [[Russia|Russian Federation]]. The incorporation is not recognised. * {{Flagicon image|Flag of Artsakh.svg}} [[Republic of Artsakh]] – Declared independence from [[Azerbaijan]] in 1991, reincorporated into the country in 2024.

===Annexed countries=== These nations, once separate, are now part of another country. Cases of voluntary accession are included. * {{Flagicon image|Labaro Reggenza Italiana del Carnaro.svg}} [[Italian Regency of Carnaro|Regency of Carnaro]] in 1919 and {{Flagicon image|Flag of the Free State of Fiume.svg}} [[Free State of Fiume]] 1920–1924 – Two short-lived states in the port city of [[Rijeka|Fiume/Rijeka]] proclaimed by [[Gabriele D'Annunzio]]. Following World War I, the city was disputed between Italy and [[Yugoslavia]], and it was eventually captured by Italy in 1921. The city passed to [[Yugoslavia]] after World War II and is now in Croatia. * {{Flagicon image|Flag of the Couto Misto.svg}} [[Couto Misto]] – Tiny 10^th-century border territory that was split between Spain and Portugal in 1868. * {{Flagicon image|Flag of Cretan State.svg}} [[Cretan State|Crete]] – Autonomous under [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman]] [[suzerainty]] in 1898, unilaterally declared union with Greece in 1908, which was recognized in 1913. * {{Flag|East Germany}} – Joined [[West Germany]] in 1990 and now part of [[Germany]]. * {{Flagcountry|Kingdom of England}} – Merged with Scotland to form the Kingdom of Great Britain in 1707, now part of the United Kingdom. * {{Flagicon image|Flag of Franceville.svg}} [[Franceville, New Hebrides|Franceville]] (1889–1890) – Independent in 1889, later governed by France and Britain as part of the [[New Hebrides]]; now part of [[Vanuatu]]. * {{Flagicon image|Flag of Hatay.svg}} [[Republic of Hatay|Hatay]] – Part of the Mandate of Syria that became part of Turkey; independent 1938–1939. * {{Flagcountry|Kingdom of Hawaii}} – Annexed on July 7, 1898, by the 55^th Congress of the United States of America. * {{Flagicon image|FlagofKalat.svg}} [[Khanate of Kalat]] (1638, 1666–1955) – 1666 to 1955, became part of [[Pakistan]]. * Free States of [[Menton]] and [[Roquebrune-Cap Martin|Roquebrune]] – Seceded from [[Monaco]] in 1848, under nominal protection of the [[Kingdom of Sardinia (1720–1861)|Kingdom of Sardinia]], then annexed by France in 1861. * {{Flagicon image|Flag of Moresnet.svg}} [[Moresnet]] (1816–1920) – Tiny European territory that endured for a hundred years before definitively becoming part of Belgium. * {{Flagicon image|Flag of Natalia Republic.svg}} [[Natalia Republic]] (1839–1843) – Was quickly made into a British colony. * {{flagcountry|size=23px|Dominion of Newfoundland}} (1907–1949) – Joined Canada as the tenth province. * {{Flagicon image|Flag of the Islands of Refreshment.svg}} [[Islands of Refreshment]] – The islands of [[Tristan da Cunha]] were settled in 1810 and declared independence in 1811. Annexed by the United Kingdom in 1815. * {{Flagcountry|Kingdom of Scotland|1542}} – Merged with England to form the Kingdom of Great Britain in 1707, now part of the United Kingdom. * {{Flag|South Vietnam}} – Occupied by [[North Vietnam]] in 1975 and annexed into it in 1976. * {{Flagicon image|Flag of Tatarstan.svg}} [[Republic of Tatarstan]] – Existed from 1992 until annexed by [[Russia]] in 1994. * {{Flagcountry|Transvaal}} – Now part of South Africa. * {{Flagcountry|Republic of Texas}} – Annexed by the U.S. in 1845. * [[File:Flag of the Vermont Republic.svg|20px|border]] [[Vermont Republic]] – Annexed by the US in 1791.

==See also==

* {{annotated link|List of former monarchies}} * {{annotated link|List of former national capitals}} * [[List of historical unrecognized states and dependencies]] * {{annotated link|List of largest empires}} * {{annotated link|List of micronations}} * {{annotated link|Lists of political entities by century}} * {{annotated link|List of sovereign states}} ** {{annotated link|List of Bronze Age states}} ({{circa|3300|1200 BC}}) ** {{annotated link|List of Iron Age states}} ({{circa|1200|600 BC}}) ** {{annotated link|List of Classical Age states}} ({{circa|600 BC|AD 200}}) ** {{annotated link|List of states during Late Antiquity}} ({{circa|200|700}}) ** {{annotated link|List of states during the Middle Ages}} ({{circa|700|1500}}) ** [[List of pre-modern states]] *[[List of colonies]] *[[List of French client states]] * {{annotated link|Timeline of geopolitical changes (before 1500)}} * {{annotated link|Timeline of geopolitical changes (1500–1899)}} * {{annotated link|Timeline of geopolitical changes (1900–1999)}} * {{annotated link|Timeline of geopolitical changes (2000–present)}} * {{annotated link|Former countries in Europe after 1815}} * {{annotated link|List of historic states of Germany}} ** [[List of states in the Holy Roman Empire]] * {{annotated link|List of historic states of Italy}} * {{annotated link|List of tribes and states in Belarus, Russia and Ukraine}} * {{annotated link|Political history of the world}} * {{annotated link|Princely state}}

==Notes== {{reflist|group=note}} {{notelist|30em}}

== References == {{reflist|30em}}

==Further reading== * Berge, Bjørn (2017). ''Nowherelands: An Atlas of Vanished Countries 1840–1975''. New York: Thames & Hudson. {{ISBN|9780500519905}}. 240pp. * Harding, Les. ''Dead Countries of the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries: Aden to Zululand''. Scarecrow Press, 1998. {{ISBN|0-8108-3445-6}}.

{{Lists of sovereign states by year}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Former Sovereign States, List Of}} [[Category:History by former country|*]] [[Category:Lists of former countries|Sovereign States]] [[Category:Lists of non-sovereign nations]] [[Category:Former countries by period]]