{{Short description|American theatrical impresario (1867–1932)}} {{Redirect|Ziegfeld}} {{Use American English|date=July 2022}} {{Use mdy dates|date=July 2024}} {{Infobox person | name = Florenz Ziegfeld Jr. | image = Florenz-Ziegfeld-1928.jpg | caption = Ziegfeld in 1928 | birth_name = Florenz Edward Ziegfeld Jr. | birth_date = {{Birth date|1867|3|21}} | birth_place = Chicago, Illinois U.S. | death_date = {{Death date and age|1932|7|22|1867|3|21}} | death_place = Hollywood, California U.S. | occupation = {{hlist|Impresario|producer}} | years_active = 1893–1932 | spouse = {{Unbulleted list | {{marriage|Anna Held|1897|1913|reason=divorced}} | {{marriage|Billie Burke|1914}} }} | children = Patricia Ziegfeld Stephenson | partner = }} '''Florenz Edward Ziegfeld Jr.''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|z|ɪ|ɡ|f|ɛ|l|d}}; March 21, 1867 – July 22, 1932) was an American Broadway impresario, notable for his series of theatrical revues, the ''Ziegfeld Follies'' (1907–1931), inspired by the ''Folies Bergère'' of Paris. He also produced the musical ''Show Boat''. He was known as the "glorifier of the American girl".<ref name=obit/> Ziegfeld is a member of the American Theater Hall of Fame.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.theaterhalloffame.org/members.html#YZ |title= The Theater Hall of Fame Founders Awards |work=Theater Hall of Fame |date=November 14, 2016 |access-date=December 21, 2016}}</ref>
==Early life==
Florenz Edward Ziegfeld Jr. was born on March 21, 1867,<ref name="Mordden"/>{{Rp|8}} in Chicago, Illinois. His mother, Rosalie (''née'' de Hez), who was born in Belgium, was the grandniece of General Count Étienne Maurice Gérard.<ref>{{cite web |title=Florenz Ziegfeld, Jr. |url=https://timenote.info/en/Florenz-Ziegfeld-Jr |website=timenote.info |access-date=June 4, 2022 |language=en}}</ref><ref>Hester, Heather. [http://www.immigrantentrepreneurship.org/entry.php?rec=194 "Florenz Ziegfeld Jr.."] In ''Immigrant Entrepreneurship: German-American Business Biographies, 1720 to the Present'', vol. 4, edited by Jeffrey Fear. German Historical Institute. Last modified November 13, 2014.</ref> His father, Florenz Edward Ziegfeld, was a German immigrant whose father was the mayor of Jever in Friesland. Ziegfeld was baptized in his mother's Roman Catholic church. His father was Lutheran.<ref name="Mordden">{{cite book|last=Mordden|first=Ethan|date=2008|title=Ziegfeld: The Man Who Invented Show Business|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8DLeKOw_lHoC&q=Ziegfeld+Roman+Catholic&pg=PA8|location=New York|publisher=St. Martin's Press|isbn=9781429951524}}</ref>{{Rp|7–8}} As a child Ziegfeld witnessed the Chicago fire of 1871.
==Career== thumb|260px|''The Sandow Trocadero Vaudevilles'' (poster), produced by Ziegfeld, (1894) His father ran the Chicago Musical College and later opened a nightclub, the ''Trocadero'', to profit from the 1893 World's Fair.<ref name=john>Kenrick, John. [http://www.musicals101.com/ziegbio.htm "Florenz Ziegfeld: A Biography"], Musicals 101; accessed January 13, 2011</ref> To help his father's nightclub succeed, Ziegfeld hired and managed the strongman Eugen Sandow.<ref name=john/><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fm4I5DClrb4C&q=florenz&pg=PA65 |title=Mrs. Ziegfeld: The Public and Private Lives of Billie Burke |author=Grant Hayter-Menzies |page=65 |date=2016 |publisher=McFarland |access-date=December 21, 2016|isbn=9780786453085 }}</ref>
In London, during a trip to Europe, Ziegfeld met Anna Held, a Polish-French singer of Jewish descent.<ref name="snac-99166">{{cite web |title=Burke, Billie, 1885–1970 |url=https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6dn4mhs |website=Social Networks and Archival Context |access-date=June 4, 2022}}</ref> His promotion of Held in America brought about her meteoric rise to national fame.<ref>Eve Golden (reviewed by Margaret Van Dagens). [https://www.nytimes.com/books/00/05/14/bib/000514.rv090852.html "Book review, ''Anna Held And The Birth Of Ziegfeld's Broadway''], ''New York Times'', May 14, 2000.</ref><ref name="NYT Held Obit"/> It was Held who first suggested an American imitation of the Parisian Folies Bergère to Ziegfeld.<ref name=john/><ref>''Cambridge Guide to the American Theatre'', (New York: Cambridge UP, 1995) p. 511 {{ISBN?}}</ref> Her success in a series of his Broadway shows, especially ''A Parisian Model'' (1906), was a major reason for his starting a series of lavish revues in 1907.<ref name=pbs>[https://www.pbs.org/wnet/broadway/stars/ziegfeld_f.html "Florenz Ziegfeld biography"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120523093711/http://www.pbs.org/wnet/broadway/stars/ziegfeld_f.html |date=May 23, 2012 }}, pbs.org, accessed January 13, 2011.</ref> Much of Held's popularity was due to Ziegfeld's creation of publicity stunts and rumors fed to the American press.
Ziegfeld's stage spectaculars, known as the Ziegfeld Follies, began with Follies of 1907, which opened on July 7, 1907,<ref>Vlastnik, Frank; Bloom, Ken. [https://books.google.com/books?id=nABw5L1yrsQC&pg=PA332 "Ziegfeld Follies of 1919"] ''Broadway Musicals: The 101 Greatest Shows of All Time'', Black Dog Publishing, 2010; {{ISBN|1-57912-849-1}}, p. 332</ref> and were produced annually until 1931.<ref name=green>Green, Stanley. [https://books.google.com/books?id=ZWIRAljCR7oC&pg=PA463 "Florenz Ziegfeld"] ''Encyclopedia of the Musical Theatre'', Da Capo Press, 1980; {{ISBN|0-306-80113-2}}, pp. 463–464</ref> These extravaganzas, with elaborate costumes and sets, featured beauties chosen personally by Ziegfeld in production numbers choreographed to the works of prominent composers such as Irving Berlin, George Gershwin and Jerome Kern.<ref name=obit/> The Follies featured the famous Ziegfeld girls, female chorus dancers who wore elaborate costumes and performed in synchronization.
The Follies featured many performers who, though well known from previous work in other theatrical genres, achieved unique financial success and publicity with Ziegfeld. Included among these are Nora Bayes, Fanny Brice, Ruth Etting, W. C. Fields, Eddie Cantor, Marilyn Miller, Will Rogers, Bert Williams and Ann Pennington.<ref name=green/>
[[File:FlorenzZiegfeldJrByRalphBarton.jpg|thumb|right|Caricature by Ralph Barton, 1925]]
At a cost of $2.5 million, Ziegfeld built the 1600-seat Ziegfeld Theatre on the west side of Sixth Avenue between 54th and 55th Streets. Designed by Joseph Urban and Thomas W. Lamb, the auditorium was egg-shaped, with the stage at the narrow end. A huge medieval-style mural, ''The Joy of Life'', covered the walls and ceiling.<ref>Innes, C.D. [https://books.google.com/books?id=6Nbfp9TXrc4C&dq=%22Joseph+Urban%22+%22The+Ziegfeld+Theatre%22&pg=PA300 "Chapter: Stage and Screen"], ''Designing modern America: Broadway to Main Street'', Yale University Press, 2005; {{ISBN|0-300-10804-4}}, pp. 60–62.</ref> To finance the construction, Ziegfeld borrowed from William Randolph Hearst,<ref name=billie>Hayter-Menzies, Grant. [https://books.google.com/books?id=fm4I5DClrb4C&q=death "Chapter 18. The Great Ziegfeld"] ''Mrs. Ziegfeld: The Public and Private Lives of Billie Burke'', McFarland, 2009; {{ISBN|0-7864-3800-2}}, pp. 114, 159</ref> who took control of the theater after Ziegfeld's death.
The Ziegfeld Theatre opened in February 1927 with Ziegfeld's production of ''Rio Rita'', which ran for nearly 500 performances. This was followed by ''Show Boat'',<ref name=pbs/> a great hit with a run of 572 performances.<ref name=john/><ref>Green, Stanley. [https://books.google.com/books?id=iUJPcFgsEyYC&dq=depression+%22Show+Boat%22+%22Ziegfeld%22&pg=PA62 "Chapter: Jerome Kern"] ''The World of Musical Comedy'' (4th ed.), Da Capo Press, 1984; {{ISBN|0-306-80207-4}}, p. 62</ref> This musical, which concerned racial discrimination in the South during the late nineteenth century, was a collaboration between Ziegfeld, Urban, and composer Jerome Kern. The musical has been revived four times on Broadway, winning multiple Tony Awards. The score features several classics such as "Ol' Man River" and "Can't Help Lovin' Dat Man".<ref>{{Cite book|title=Broadway : the American musical|first=Laurence|last=Maslon|author-link=Laurence Maslon|date=2010|publisher=Applause Theatre & Cinema Books|others=Kantor, Michael|isbn=9781423491033|edition=Updated and rev.|location=Milwaukee, WI|oclc=460051829}}</ref>
Ziegfeld lost much of his money in the stock market crash. In May 1932 he staged a revival of ''Show Boat'' that ran for six months—a hit, by Depression standards.<ref>Jones, John Bush. [https://books.google.com/books?id=WqQH31qkYNoC&dq=depression+%22Show+Boat%22+%22Ziegfeld%22&pg=PA82 "The Depression Hits Broadway"], ''Our Musicals, Ourselves: A Social History of the American Musical Theater'', UPNE, 2003, {{ISBN|0-87451-904-7}}, p. 82</ref> That same year, he brought his Follies stars to CBS Radio with ''The Ziegfeld Follies of the Air''.<ref name="Dunning">{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EwtRbXNca0oC&dq=%22The+Ziegfeld+Follies+of+the+Air,+musical+variety%22&pg=PA745 | last=Dunning| first=John| author-link=John Dunning (detective fiction author)| title=On the Air: The Encyclopedia of Old-Time Radio| date=1998| publisher=Oxford University Press| location=New York| isbn=978-0-19-507678-3| page=745| edition=Revised| access-date=November 6, 2019}}</ref>
==Personal life== right|thumb|Florenz Ziegfeld, Jr. in 1904 In 1896, Ziegfeld met Anna Held, an actress, in London.<ref name="loc.gov/in-history/03-21">{{cite web |title=Today in History – March 21 |url=https://www.loc.gov/item/today-in-history/march-21/ |website=Library of Congress |access-date=June 4, 2022 |location=Washington, D.C. }}</ref> Ziegfeld and Held began a common-law marriage in 1897, and she divorced him in 1913, according to her obituary in ''The New York Times'' dated August 13, 1918.<ref name="NYT Held Obit">{{cite news|date=August 13, 1918|title=Anna Held Dies After Brave Fight|url=https://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=9F03E7D81739E13ABC4B52DFBE668383609EDE&scp=3&sq=%22Anna+Held%22&st=p|newspaper=The New York Times|access-date=February 13, 2016}}</ref><ref name="Mordden"/>{{Rp|45}} Held served Ziegfeld with divorce papers on April 14, 1912, and their divorce became final on January 9, 1913.<ref name="Mordden"/>{{Rp|124–125}} Held had submitted testimony about Ziegfeld's relationship with another woman.<ref>Golden, Eve [https://books.google.com/books?id=oX8ANm_3WlAC&q=%22Anna+Held%22+%22Florenz+Ziegfeld%22 "Chapter: The Unchastened Woman"]. ''Anna Held and the Birth of Ziegfeld's Broadway'', University Press of Kentucky, 2000; {{ISBN|0-8131-2153-1}}, pp. 160–61</ref> The unnamed party in this romantic triangle was showgirl Lillian Lorraine, an entertainer of limited talent but charismatic stage presence and beauty whom Ziegfeld discovered in 1907 when she was a 15-year-old performer in a Shubert production. Ziegfeld spent years promoting her career, transforming her into one of the most popular attractions in his Follies<ref name="Hanson">{{cite book |last=Hanson |first=Nils |date=2011 |title=Lillian Lorraine, The Life and Times of a Ziegfeld Diva |location=Jefferson, N.C. |publisher=McFarland & Company Publishers |isbn=9780786464074}}</ref>{{Rp|18–19}} and establishing her in an apartment two floors above the residence he shared with Held. He remained in love with Lorraine for the rest of his life.<ref name="Hanson"/>{{Rp|63}}
Not long after his divorce from Held, Ziegfeld married actress Billie Burke on April 11, 1914. They had met at a New Year's Eve party.<ref name=obit/><ref name="nytimes-burke-weds-ziegfeld">{{cite news |title=Billie Burke Weds; Now Mrs. F. Ziegfeld – Married in Hoboken After Matinee |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1914/04/13/archives/billie-burke-weds-now-mrs-f-ziegfeld-married-in-hoboken-after.html |access-date=June 4, 2022 |work=The New York Times |date=April 13, 1914}}</ref> They had one child, Patricia Ziegfeld Stephenson (1916–2008). The family lived on his estate in Hastings-on-Hudson, New York, and in Palm Beach, Florida.<ref name=jn>{{cite news |title=Patricia Ziegfeld Stephenson, Daughter of Legendary Broadway Impresario |url=https://www.allaboutjazz.com/news/patricia-ziegfeld-stephenson-daughter-of-legendary-broadway-impresario/ |work=Jazz News |date=April 25, 2008 |access-date=May 11, 2008 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080429065837/http://www.allaboutjazz.com/php/news.php?id=18104 |archive-date=April 29, 2008 }}</ref> Ziegfeld died in Hollywood, California on July 22, 1932, from pleurisy, related to a previous lung infection.<ref name=obit/> He had been in Los Angeles only a few days after moving from a New Mexico sanitarium.<ref name=obit>{{cite news|title=Florenz Ziegfeld Dies in Hollywood After Long Illness|url=https://www.nytimes.com/learning/general/onthisday/bday/0321.html|work=The New York Times|date=July 23, 1932|access-date=February 19, 2009}}</ref> His death left Burke with substantial debts, driving her toward film acting to settle them.<ref name=billie/> She died on May 14, 1970. He and Burke are interred in Kensico Cemetery in Valhalla, New York.
==Accolades== Ziegfeld was elected to the American Theatre Hall of Fame.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.theaterhalloffame.org/members.html#YZ|title=Theater Hall of Fame members|publisher=American Theater Hall of Fame|access-date=February 18, 2016}}</ref>
==Broadway theatre productions== {{multiple image <!-- Essential parameters --> | align = right | direction = vertical | width = 220 <!-- Image 1 --> | image1 =Anna-Held-Eyes-1898-Poster.jpg | alt1 = | caption1 =Poster promoting theatre performer Anna Held (c. 1898) <!-- Image 2 --> | image2 =The turtle, Broadway poster, 1898.jpg | alt2 = | caption2 =Poster for ''The Turtle'' (1898), featuring Sadie Martinot <!-- Image 3 --> | image3 =Anna Held - Mam'selle Napoleon.jpg | alt3 = | caption3 =Poster for ''Mam'selle Napoleon'' (1903) <!-- Image 4 --> | image4 =Follies-of-1907-Sheet-Music-Cover.jpg | alt4 = | caption4 =''Follies of 1907'' sheet music cover <!-- Image 5 --> | image5 =Urban-Ziegfeld-Follies-1919-Old-Chinatown.jpg | alt5 = | caption5 =Joseph Urban set design drawing for ''Ziegfeld Follies of 1919'' }} {| class="wikitable sortable collapsible" |- !scope=col colspan=3| Broadway theatre productions |- !scope=col| Date !scope=col| Title !scope=col class="unsortable" | Notes |- | style="text-align:right;"| 1896 || ''{{sortname|A|Parlor Match}}'' || Herald Square Theatre<ref name="NYT Held Obit"/><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ibdb.com/Production/View/12894 |title=A Parlor Match |publisher=Internet Broadway Database |access-date=February 14, 2016 }}</ref> |- | style="text-align:right;"| 1898 || ''{{sortname|The|French Maid}}'' || Herald Square Theatre<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ibdb.com/Production/View/13401 |title=The French Maid |publisher=Internet Broadway Database |access-date=February 14, 2016 }}</ref> |- | style="text-align:right;"| 1898 || ''Way Down East'' || Manhattan Theatre<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ibdb.com/Production/View/5805 |title=Way Down East |publisher=Internet Broadway Database |access-date=February 14, 2016 }}</ref> |- | style="text-align:right;"| 1898 || ''{{sortname|The|Turtle|nolink=1}}'' || Manhattan Theatre<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ibdb.com/Production/View/404827 |title=The Turtle |publisher=Internet Broadway Database |access-date=February 14, 2016 }}</ref> |- | style="text-align:right;"| 1899 || ''Mlle. Fifi'' || Manhattan Theatre<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ibdb.com/Production/View/404566 |title=Mlle. Fifi |publisher=Internet Broadway Database |access-date=February 14, 2016 }}</ref> |- | style="text-align:right;"| 1899 || ''{{sortname|The|Manicure|nolink=1}}'' || Manhattan Theatre<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ibdb.com/Production/View/404418 |title=The Manicure |publisher=Internet Broadway Database |access-date=February 14, 2016 }}</ref> |- | style="text-align:right;"| 1899–1900 || ''Papa's Wife'' || Manhattan Theatre<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ibdb.com/Production/View/5271 |title=Papa's Wife |publisher=Internet Broadway Database |access-date=February 14, 2016 }}</ref> |- | style="text-align:right;"| 1901–1902 || ''{{sortname|The|Little Duchess|link=The Little Duchess (musical)}}'' || Casino Theatre, Grand Opera House<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ibdb.com/Production/View/5506 |title=The Little Duchess |publisher=Internet Broadway Database |access-date=February 14, 2016 }}</ref> |- | style="text-align:right;"| 1903–1904 || ''Red Feather'' || Lyric Theatre, Grand Opera House<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ibdb.com/Production/View/5777 |title=Red Feather |publisher=Internet Broadway Database |access-date=February 14, 2016 }}</ref> |- | style="text-align:right;"| 1903–1904 || ''Mam'selle Napoleon'' || Knickerbocker Theatre<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ibdb.com/Production/View/5793 |title=Mam'selle Napoleon |publisher=Internet Broadway Database |access-date=February 14, 2016 }}</ref> |- | style="text-align:right;"| 1904–1905 || ''Higgledy-Piggledy'' || Weber and Fields' Broadway Music Hall<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ibdb.com/Production/View/5939 |title=Higgledy-Piggledy |publisher=Internet Broadway Database |access-date=February 14, 2016 }}</ref> |- | style="text-align:right;"| 1905 || ''Higgledy-Piggledy'' || Weber and Fields' Broadway Music Hall<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ibdb.com/Production/View/5940 |title=Higgledy-Piggledy |publisher=Internet Broadway Database |access-date=February 14, 2016 }}</ref> |- | style="text-align:right;"| 1906–1907 || ''{{sortname|The|Parisian Model|nolink=1}}'' || Broadway Theatre<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ibdb.com/Production/View/6288 |title=A Parisian Model |publisher=Internet Broadway Database |access-date=February 14, 2016 }}</ref> |- | style="text-align:right;"| 1907 || ''Follies of 1907'' || Jardin de Paris, Liberty Theatre, Grand Opera House<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ibdb.com/Production/View/6349 |title=Ziegfeld Follies of 1907 |publisher=Internet Broadway Database |access-date=February 14, 2016 }}</ref> |- | style="text-align:right;"| 1908 || ''{{sortname|The|Parisian Model|nolink=1}}'' || Broadway Theatre<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ibdb.com/Production/View/6289 |title=A Parisian Model |publisher=Internet Broadway Database |access-date=February 14, 2016 }}</ref> |- | style="text-align:right;"| 1908 || ''{{sortname|The|Soul Kiss|nolink=1}}'' || New York Theatre<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ibdb.com/Production/View/6507 |title=The Soul Kiss |publisher=Internet Broadway Database |access-date=February 14, 2016 }}</ref> |- | style="text-align:right;"| 1908 || ''Follies of 1908'' || Jardin de Paris, New York Theatre<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ibdb.com/Production/View/6562 |title=Ziegfeld Follies of 1908 |publisher=Internet Broadway Database |access-date=February 14, 2016 }}</ref> |- | style="text-align:right;"| 1908–1909 || ''Miss Innocence'' || New York Theatre<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ibdb.com/Production/View/6613 |title=Miss Innocence |publisher=Internet Broadway Database |access-date=February 14, 2016 }}</ref> |- | style="text-align:right;"| 1909 || ''Follies of 1909'' || Jardin de Paris<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ibdb.com/Production/View/6662 |title=Ziegfeld Follies of 1909 |publisher=Internet Broadway Database |access-date=February 14, 2016 }}</ref> |- | style="text-align:right;"| 1909 || ''Miss Innocence'' || New York Theatre<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ibdb.com/Production/View/414511 |title=Miss Innocence |publisher=Internet Broadway Database |access-date=February 14, 2016 }}</ref> |- | style="text-align:right;"| 1910 || ''Follies of 1910'' || Jardin de Paris<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ibdb.com/Production/View/4962 |title=Ziegfeld Follies of 1910 |publisher=Internet Broadway Database |access-date=February 14, 2016 }}</ref> |- | style="text-align:right;"| 1911 || ''Ziegfeld Follies of 1911'' || Jardin de Paris<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ibdb.com/Production/View/7292 |title=Ziegfeld Follies of 1911 |publisher=Internet Broadway Database |access-date=February 14, 2016 }}</ref> |- | style="text-align:right;"| 1912 || ''Over the River'' || Globe Theatre<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ibdb.com/Production/View/7417 |title=Over the River |publisher=Internet Broadway Database |access-date=February 14, 2016 }}</ref> |- | style="text-align:right;"| 1912 || ''{{sortname|A|Winsome Widow}}'' || Moulin Rouge<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ibdb.com/Production/View/7471 |title=A Winsome Widow |publisher=Internet Broadway Database |access-date=February 14, 2016 }}</ref> |- | style="text-align:right;"| 1912–1913 || ''Ziegfeld Follies of 1912'' || Moulin Rouge<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ibdb.com/Production/View/4773 |title=Ziegfeld Follies of 1912 |publisher=Internet Broadway Database |access-date=February 14, 2016 }}</ref> |- | style="text-align:right;"| 1913 || ''Ziegfeld Follies of 1913'' || Moulin Rouge<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ibdb.com/Production/View/6903 |title=Ziegfeld Follies of 1913 |publisher=Internet Broadway Database |access-date=February 14, 2016 }}</ref> |- | style="text-align:right;"| 1914 || ''Ziegfeld Follies of 1914'' || New Amsterdam Theatre<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ibdb.com/Production/View/8007 |title=Ziegfeld Follies of 1914 |publisher=Internet Broadway Database |access-date=February 14, 2016 }}</ref> |- | style="text-align:right;"| 1915 || ''Ziegfeld Follies of 1915'' || New Amsterdam Theatre<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ibdb.com/Production/View/7045 |title=Ziegfeld Follies of 1915 |publisher=Internet Broadway Database |access-date=February 14, 2016 }}</ref> |- | style="text-align:right;"| 1916 || ''Ziegfeld Follies of 1916'' || New Amsterdam Theatre<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ibdb.com/Production/View/6469 |title=Ziegfeld Follies of 1916 |publisher=Internet Broadway Database |access-date=February 14, 2016 }}</ref> |- | style="text-align:right;"| 1916–1917 || ''{{sortname|The|Century Girl|nolink=1}}'' || Century Theatre<ref name="The Century Girl">{{cite web |url=http://www.ibdb.com/Production/View/8469 |title=The Century Girl |publisher=Internet Broadway Database |access-date=February 14, 2016 }}</ref> |- | style="text-align:right;"| 1917 || ''Dance and Grow Thin'' || Cocoanut Grove Theatre<ref name="The Century Girl"/> |- | style="text-align:right;"| 1917 || ''Ziegfeld Follies of 1917'' || New Amsterdam Theatre<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ibdb.com/Production/View/8558 |title=Ziegfeld Follies of 1917 |publisher=Internet Broadway Database |access-date=February 14, 2016 }}</ref> |- | style="text-align:right;"| 1917 || ''{{sortname|The|Rescuing Angel|nolink=1}}'' || Hudson Theatre<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ibdb.com/Production/View/7060 |title=The Rescuing Angel |publisher=Internet Broadway Database |access-date=February 14, 2016 }}</ref> |- | style="text-align:right;"| 1917–1918 || ''Miss 1917'' || Century Theatre<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ibdb.com/Production/View/8607 |title=Miss 1917 |publisher=Internet Broadway Database |access-date=February 15, 2016 }}</ref> |- | style="text-align:right;"| 1917–1918 || ''{{sortname|A|Night in Spain|nolink=1}}'' || Cocoanut Grove Theatre<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ibdb.com/Production/View/8633 |title=A Night in Spain |publisher=Internet Broadway Database |access-date=February 15, 2016 }}</ref> |- | style="text-align:right;"| 1918 || ''Ziegfeld Follies of 1918'' || New Amsterdam Theatre, Globe Theatre<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ibdb.com/Production/View/8313 |title=Ziegfeld Follies of 1918 |publisher=Internet Broadway Database |access-date=February 15, 2016 }}</ref> |- | style="text-align:right;"| 1918 || ''Ziegfeld Midnight Frolic'' || Ziegfeld Roof<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ibdb.com/Production/View/452397 |title=Ziegfeld Midnight Frolic |publisher=Internet Broadway Database |access-date=February 15, 2016 }}</ref> |- | style="text-align:right;"| 1918 || ''By Pigeon Post'' || George M. Cohan's Theatre<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ibdb.com/Production/View/6976 |title=By Pigeon Post |publisher=Internet Broadway Database |access-date=February 15, 2016 }}</ref> |- | style="text-align:right;"| 1919 || ''Ziegfeld Follies of 1919'' || New Amsterdam Theatre<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ibdb.com/Production/View/394721 |title=Ziegfeld Follies of 1919 |publisher=Internet Broadway Database |access-date=February 15, 2016 }}</ref> |- | style="text-align:right;"| 1919 || ''Ziegfeld Nine O'Clock Review'' || New Amsterdam Theatre Roof<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ibdb.com/Production/View/470439 |title=Ziegfeld Nine O'Clock Review |publisher=Internet Broadway Database |access-date=February 15, 2016 }}</ref> |- | style="text-align:right;"| 1919 || ''Ziegfeld Midnight Frolic'' || Danse de Follies<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ibdb.com/Production/View/6693 |title=Ziegfeld Midnight Frolic |publisher=Internet Broadway Database |access-date=February 15, 2016 }}</ref> |- | style="text-align:right;"| 1919 || ''Caesar's Wife'' || Liberty Theatre<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ibdb.com/Production/View/6727 |title=Caesar's Wife |publisher=Internet Broadway Database |access-date=February 15, 2016 }}</ref> |- | style="text-align:right;"| 1919–1920 || ''Elsie Janis and Her Gang'' || George M. Cohan's Theatre<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ibdb.com/Production/View/6731 |title=Elsie Janis and Her Gang |publisher=Internet Broadway Database |access-date=February 15, 2016 }}</ref> |- | style="text-align:right;"| 1920 || ''Ziegfeld Girls of 1920'' || Danse de Follies<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ibdb.com/Production/View/6783 |title=Ziegfeld Girls of 1920 |publisher=Internet Broadway Database |access-date=February 15, 2016 }}</ref> |- | style="text-align:right;"| 1920 || ''Ziegfeld Follies of 1920'' || New Amsterdam Theatre<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ibdb.com/Production/View/8886 |title=Ziegfeld Follies of 1920 |publisher=Internet Broadway Database |access-date=February 15, 2016 }}</ref> |- | style="text-align:right;"| 1920–1922 || ''Sally'' || New Amsterdam Theatre<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ibdb.com/Production/View/9011 |title=Sally |publisher=Internet Broadway Database |access-date=February 15, 2016 }}</ref> |- | style="text-align:right;"| 1921 || ''Ziegfeld Midnight Frolic'' || Ziegfeld Roof<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ibdb.com/Production/View/470441 |title=Ziegfeld Midnight Frolic |publisher=Internet Broadway Database |access-date=February 15, 2016 }}</ref> |- | style="text-align:right;"| 1921 || ''Ziegfeld 9 O'Clock Frolic'' || Danse de Follies<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ibdb.com/Production/View/9032 |title=Ziegfeld Midnight Frolic |publisher=Internet Broadway Database |access-date=February 15, 2016 }}</ref> |- | style="text-align:right;"| 1921 || ''Ziegfeld Follies of 1921'' || Globe Theatre<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ibdb.com/Production/View/12593 |title=Ziegfeld Follies of 1921 |publisher=Internet Broadway Database |access-date=February 15, 2016 }}</ref> |- | style="text-align:right;"| 1921–1922 || ''{{sortname|The|Intimate Strangers|The Intimate Strangers (play)}}'' || Henry Miller's Theatre<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ibdb.com/Production/View/12678 |title=The Intimate Strangers |publisher=Internet Broadway Database |access-date=February 15, 2016 }}</ref> |- | style="text-align:right;"| 1921–1922 || ''Ziegfeld Midnight Frolic'' || Danse de Follies<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ibdb.com/Production/View/12699 |title=Ziegfeld Midnight Frolic |publisher=Internet Broadway Database |access-date=February 15, 2016 }}</ref> |- | style="text-align:right;"| 1922 || ''Ziegfeld Follies of 1922'' || New Amsterdam Theatre<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ibdb.com/Production/View/12815 |title=Ziegfeld Follies of 1922 |publisher=Internet Broadway Database |access-date=February 15, 2016 }}</ref> |- | style="text-align:right;"| 1922–1923 || ''Rose Briar'' || Empire Theatre<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ibdb.com/Production/View/9172 |title=Rose Briar |publisher=Internet Broadway Database |access-date=February 15, 2016 }}</ref> |- | style="text-align:right;"| 1923 || ''Ziegfeld Follies of 1923'' || New Amsterdam Theatre<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ibdb.com/Production/View/452545 |title=Ziegfeld Follies of 1923 |publisher=Internet Broadway Database |access-date=February 15, 2016 }}</ref> |- | style="text-align:right;"| 1923 || ''Sally'' || New Amsterdam Theatre<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ibdb.com/Production/View/13585 |title=Sally |publisher=Internet Broadway Database |access-date=February 15, 2016 }}</ref> |- | style="text-align:right;"| 1923–1924 || ''Ziegfeld Follies of 1923'' || New Amsterdam Theatre<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ibdb.com/Production/View/9302 |title=Ziegfeld Follies of 1923 |publisher=Internet Broadway Database |access-date=February 15, 2016 }}</ref> |- | style="text-align:right;"| 1923–1925 || ''Kid Boots'' || Earl Carroll Theatre, Selwyn Theatre<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ibdb.com/Production/View/9452 |title=Kid Boots |publisher=Internet Broadway Database |access-date=February 15, 2016 }}</ref> |- | style="text-align:right;"| 1924–1925 || ''Ziegfeld Follies of 1924'' || New Amsterdam Theatre<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ibdb.com/Production/View/9541 |title=Ziegfeld Follies of 1924 |publisher=Internet Broadway Database |access-date=February 15, 2016 }}</ref> |- | style="text-align:right;"| 1924–1925 || ''Annie Dear'' || Times Square Theatre<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ibdb.com/Production/View/9613 |title=Annie Dear |publisher=Internet Broadway Database |access-date=February 15, 2016 }}</ref> |- | style="text-align:right;"| 1925 || ''Louis the 14th'' || Cosmopolitan Theatre<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ibdb.com/Production/View/9663 |title=Annie Dear |publisher=Internet Broadway Database |access-date=February 15, 2016 }}</ref> |- | style="text-align:right;"| 1925 || ''Ziegfeld Follies of 1925'' || New Amsterdam Theatre<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ibdb.com/Production/View/397335 |title=Ziegfeld Follies of 1925 |publisher=Internet Broadway Database |access-date=February 15, 2016 }}</ref> |- | style="text-align:right;"| 1926 || ''No Foolin''' || Globe Theatre<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ibdb.com/Production/View/9794 |title=No Foolin' |publisher=Internet Broadway Database |access-date=February 15, 2016 }}</ref> |- | style="text-align:right;"| 1926–1927 || ''Betsy'' || New Amsterdam Theatre<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ibdb.com/Production/View/10189 |title=Betsy |publisher=Internet Broadway Database |access-date=February 15, 2016 }}</ref> |- | style="text-align:right;"| 1927–1928 || ''Rio Rita'' || Ziegfeld Theatre, Lyric Theatre, Majestic Theatre<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ibdb.com/Production/View/10228 |title=Rio Rita |publisher=Internet Broadway Database |access-date=February 15, 2016 }}</ref> |- | style="text-align:right;"| 1927–1928 || ''Ziegfeld Follies of 1927'' || New Amsterdam Theatre<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ibdb.com/Production/View/10347 |title=Ziegfeld Follies of 1925 |publisher=Internet Broadway Database |access-date=February 15, 2016 }}</ref> |- | style="text-align:right;"| 1927–1929 || ''Show Boat'' || Ziegfeld Theatre<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ibdb.com/Production/View/10538 |title=Show Boat |publisher=Internet Broadway Database |access-date=February 15, 2016 }}</ref> |- | style="text-align:right;"| 1928 || ''Rosalie'' || Ziegfeld Theatre<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ibdb.com/Production/View/10548 |title=Rosalie |publisher=Internet Broadway Database |access-date=February 15, 2016 }}</ref> |- | style="text-align:right;"| 1928 || ''{{sortname|The|Three Musketeers|The Three Musketeers (musical)}}'' || Lyric Theatre<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ibdb.com/Production/View/10605 |title=The Three Musketeers |publisher=Internet Broadway Database |access-date=February 15, 2016 }}</ref> |- | style="text-align:right;"| 1928–1929 || ''Whoopee!'' || New Amsterdam Theatre<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ibdb.com/Production/View/10796 |title=Whoopie! |publisher=Internet Broadway Database |access-date=February 15, 2016 }}</ref> |- | style="text-align:right;"| 1929 || ''Ziegfeld Midnight Frolic'' || Frolic Theatre<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ibdb.com/Production/View/469231 |title=Ziegfeld Midnight Frolic |publisher=Internet Broadway Database |access-date=February 15, 2016 }}</ref> |- | style="text-align:right;"| 1929 || ''Show Girl'' || Ziegfeld Theatre<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ibdb.com/Production/View/10910 |title=Show Girl |publisher=Internet Broadway Database |access-date=February 15, 2016 }}</ref> |- | style="text-align:right;"| 1929–1930 || ''Bitter Sweet'' || Ziegfeld Theatre, Shubert Theatre<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ibdb.com/Production/View/9826 |title=Bitter Sweet |publisher=Internet Broadway Database |access-date=February 15, 2016 }}</ref> |- | style="text-align:right;"| 1930 || ''Simple Simon'' || Ziegfeld Theatre<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ibdb.com/Production/View/11057 |title=Show Girl |publisher=Internet Broadway Database |access-date=February 15, 2016 }}</ref> |- | style="text-align:right;"| 1930–1931 || ''Smiles'' || Ziegfeld Theatre<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ibdb.com/Production/View/11267 |title=Smiles |publisher=Internet Broadway Database |access-date=February 15, 2016 }}</ref> |- | style="text-align:right;"| 1931 || ''Ziegfeld Follies of 1931'' || Ziegfeld Theatre<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ibdb.com/Production/View/11389 |title=Ziegfeld Follies of 1931 |publisher=Internet Broadway Database |access-date=February 15, 2016 }}</ref> |- | style="text-align:right;"| 1932 || ''Hot-Cha!'' || Ziegfeld Theatre<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ibdb.com/Production/View/11509 |title=Hot-Cha! |publisher=Internet Broadway Database |access-date=February 15, 2016 }}</ref> |- | style="text-align:right;"| 1932 || ''Show Boat'' || Casino Theatre<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ibdb.com/Production/View/11593 |title=Hot-Cha! |publisher=Internet Broadway Database |access-date=February 15, 2016 }}</ref> |}
==Films== Ziegfeld appears in a sound prologue to the 1929 film, ''Show Boat''—a part-talkie based on Edna Ferber's 1926 novel, not the popular stage adaptation that was still playing on Broadway when the film was released. Universal Pictures originally made ''Show Boat'' as a silent, and obtained the rights to the popular Broadway score after the film was shot. The 18-minute prologue is introduced by Ziegfeld and producer Carl Laemmle, and features excerpts from the stage production performed by cast members Jules Bledsoe, Tess Gardella, Helen Morgan and the Broadway chorus.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.afi.com/members/catalog/DetailView.aspx?s=&Movie=1677|title=''Show Boat'' details|website=AFI Catalog of Feature Films|publisher=American Film Institute|access-date=February 18, 2016}}</ref><ref name="Universal Story">{{cite book|last=Hirschhorn|first=Clive|author-link=Clive Hirschhorn|date=1985|orig-year=1983|title=The Universal Story|location=New York|publisher=Crown Publishers|isbn=0-7064-1873-5}}</ref>{{Rp|61}} Two subsequent adaptations of ''Show Boat'', in 1936 and 1951, were based on the stage musical.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.afi.com/members/catalog/DetailView.aspx?s=&Movie=1033|title=Show Boat|website=AFI Catalog of Feature Films|publisher=American Film Institute|access-date=February 18, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.afi.com/members/catalog/DetailView.aspx?s=&Movie=53541|title=''Show Boat'' details|website=AFI Catalog of Feature Films|publisher=American Film Institute|access-date=February 18, 2016}}</ref>
Technicolor screen versions of three of Ziegfeld's stage musicals were produced in the early sound film era. RKO Pictures had its first hit with its lavish presentation of ''Rio Rita'' (1929), starring Bebe Daniels and John Boles.<ref>{{cite book|title=The RKO Story|last1=Jewell|first1=Richard B.|last2=Harbin|first2=Vernon|publisher=Arlington House|year=1982|place=New York|isbn=0-517-54656-6}}</ref>{{Rp|22}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.afi.com/members/catalog/DetailView.aspx?s=&Movie=11711|title=''Rio Rita'' details|website=AFI Catalog of Feature Films|publisher=American Film Institute|access-date=February 18, 2016}}</ref>
Marilyn Miller reprised one of her greatest stage successes in ''Sally'' (1929).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.afi.com/members/catalog/DetailView.aspx?s=&Movie=11855|title=Sally|website=AFI Catalog of Feature Films |publisher=American Film Institute|access-date=February 18, 2016}}</ref> Eddie Cantor reprised his popular Broadway role in ''Whoopee!'' (1930), which Ziegfeld himself produced with Samuel Goldwyn.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.afi.com/members/catalog/DetailView.aspx?s=&Movie=1766|title=Whoopee!|website=AFI Catalog of Feature Films|publisher=American Film Institute|access-date=February 18, 2016}}</ref>
==Cultural references== [[File:Great-Ziegfeld-1936-Poster.jpg|thumb|Poster for ''The Great Ziegfeld'' (1936)]] In 1936 Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer released a semi-biographical film extravaganza, ''The Great Ziegfeld'', starring William Powell. He was personally chosen for the role by Billie Burke, who felt that while Powell did not physically resemble her late husband, he possessed the right manner. "What I tried to do primarily was to get across the essential spirit of the man", Powell later said, "his love for show business, his exquisite taste, his admiration for the beauty of women. He was financially impractical but aesthetically impeccable—a genius in his chosen field."<ref name="Quirk">{{cite book|last=Quirk|first=Lawrence J.|date=1986 |title=The Complete Films of William Powell|location=New York|publisher=Citadel Press|isbn=0-8065-0998-8}}</ref>{{Rp|184}} Nominated for seven Academy Awards, ''The Great Ziegfeld'' received Oscars for Best Picture, Best Actress (Luise Rainer as Anna Held), and Best Dance Direction (Seymour Felix), for the astonishingly opulent production number, "A Pretty Girl Is Like a Melody"—one of the most famous musical sequences ever filmed.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://awardsdatabase.oscars.org/ampas_awards/BasicSearchInput.jsp |title=The Great Ziegfeld |website=Academy Awards Database |publisher=Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences |access-date=February 18, 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090208011732/http://awardsdatabase.oscars.org/ampas_awards/BasicSearchInput.jsp |archive-date=February 8, 2009 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.afi.com/members/catalog/DetailView.aspx?s=&Movie=8351|title=The Great Ziegfeld|website=AFI Catalog of Feature Films|publisher=American Film Institute|access-date=February 18, 2016}}</ref> It was MGM's most expensive production since ''Ben-Hur'' (1925), and it made back twice its cost.<ref name="MGM Story">{{cite book|last=Eames|first=John Douglas|date=1982|orig-year=1975|title=The MGM Story|location=New York|publisher=Crown Publishers|isbn=9780517523896|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/mgmstorycomplete0000eame}}</ref>{{Rp|120–121}}
Released by MGM ten years later, ''Ziegfeld Follies'' (1946) was an all-star revue that includes Powell in a cameo role as Ziegfeld.<ref name="Quirk"/>{{Rp|228–229}}<ref name="MGM Story"/>{{Rp|201}} A 1978 NBC-television film, ''Ziegfeld: The Man and His Women'', stars Paul Shenar as Ziegfeld. Directed by Buzz Kulik, the three-hour biopic<ref> {{cite web|url=http://www.allmovie.com/movie/ziegfeld-the-man-and-his-women-v130081|title=Ziegfeld: The Man and His Women|last=Erickson|first=Hal|author-link=Hal Erickson (author)|publisher=AllMovie|access-date=February 18, 2016}}</ref><ref>Berard, Jeanette M.; Corwin, Norman; Englund, Klaudia. [https://books.google.com/books?id=f9K4tLMSbJAC&dq=%22Ziegfeld%3A+The+Man+and+His+Women%22&pg=PA425 "Specials"], ''Television Series and Specials Scripts'', McFarland, 2009; {{ISBN|0-7864-3348-5}}, p. 425</ref> was nominated for seven Emmy Awards and received the award for Outstanding Cinematography (Gerald Finnerman).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.emmys.com/awards/nominations/award-search|title=Emmy Awards Search|publisher=Academy of Television Arts & Sciences|access-date=February 18, 2016}}</ref>
Ziegfeld appears as a character in a number of films: * ''The Jolson Story'' (1946), played by Eddie Kane * ''I'll See You in My Dreams'' (1951), played by William Forrest<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.afi.com/members/catalog/DetailView.aspx?s=&Movie=50153|title=I'll See You in My Dreams|website=AFI Catalog of Feature Films|publisher=American Film Institute|access-date=February 18, 2016}}</ref> * ''The Story of Will Rogers'' (1952), played by William Forrest<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.afi.com/members/catalog/DetailView.aspx?s=&Movie=50674|title=The Story of Will Rogers|website=AFI Catalog of Feature Films|publisher=American Film Institute|access-date=February 18, 2016}}</ref> * ''The I Don't Care Girl'' (1953), played by Wilton Graff<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.afi.com/members/catalog/DetailView.aspx?s=&Movie=50880|title=The I Don't Care Girl|website=AFI Catalog of Feature Films|publisher=American Film Institute|access-date=February 18, 2016}}</ref> * ''The Eddie Cantor Story'' (1953), played by William Forrest<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.afi.com/members/catalog/DetailView.aspx?s=&Movie=53519|title=The Eddie Cantor Story|website=AFI Catalog of Feature Films|publisher=American Film Institute|access-date=February 18, 2016}}</ref> * ''Deep in my Heart'' (1954) played by Paul Henried * ''The Helen Morgan Story'' (1957), played by Walter Woolf King<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.afi.com/members/catalog/DetailView.aspx?s=&Movie=51178|title=Deep in My Heart|website=AFI Catalog of Feature Films|publisher=American Film Institute|access-date=February 18, 2016}}</ref> * ''Funny Girl'' (1968), played by Walter Pidgeon;<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.afi.com/members/catalog/DetailView.aspx?s=&Movie=23667|title=''Funny Girl'' details|website=AFI Catalog of Feature Films|publisher=American Film Institute |access-date=February 18, 2016}}</ref> played by Roger DeKoven in the original Broadway stage production<ref>{{cite news|date=January 29, 1988|title=Roger DeKoven Dies; Diverse Actor Was 81|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1988/01/29/obituaries/roger-dekoven-dies-diverse-actor-was-81.html|newspaper=The New York Times|access-date=February 18, 2016}}</ref> * ''W. C. Fields and Me'' (1976), played by Paul Stewart * ''Ellis Island'' (1984) played by Julian Holloway
The Stephen Sondheim-James Goldman musical "Follies" (1971) was inspired by a reunion of Ziegfeld Girls<ref>Chapin, Ted (2003). Everything Was Possible: The Birth of the Musical Follies. New York, New York: Alfred A. Knopf. ISBN 978-0-375-41328-5</ref>. The show features the character of Dimitri Weismann as a fictionalized version of Ziegfeld, and is set at a reunion of women who had been in the cast of the "Weismann Follies" <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://playbill.com/article/on-april-4-1971-stephen-sondheim-and-james-goldmans-follies-opens-on-broadway|title=On April 4, 1971: Stephen Sondheim and James Goldman's Follies Opens On Broadway|website=Playbill.com|access-date=May 26, 2026}}</ref>. In the Broadway musical ''Crazy For You'' (1992), the character Bela Zangler is a fictionalised version of Ziegfeld, having his own "Zangler's Follies" and his character being driven by a love for the young folly Tess despite being married, much like Ziegfeld's own affair with Lillian Lorraine. In ''The Drowsy Chaperone'', a similar fictionalised parody of Ziegfeld is Victor Feldzieg, producer of ''Feldzieg's Follies''.
==Archive== The Academy Film Archive houses the Florenz Ziegfeld-Billie Burke Collection. The collection consists primarily of home movies.<ref>{{cite web|title=Florenz Ziegfeld-Billie Burke Collection|url=http://www.oscars.org/film-archive/collections/florenz-ziegfeld-billie-burke-collection-0|website=Academy Film Archive|date=December 19, 2014|access-date=July 5, 2016}}</ref>
==Further reading== * Carter, Randolph, ''Ziegfeld, the Time of His Life'', New and rev. ed., London, Bernard Press, 1988; {{ISBN|0-9513557-0-8}} * Redniss, Lauren, ''Century Girl: 100 Years in the Life of Doris Eaton Travis, Last Living Star of the Ziegfeld Follies'', New York, Harper Collins, 2006; {{ISBN|978-0-06-085333-4}}.
==References== {{Reflist}}
==External links== {{Commons category|Florenz Ziegfeld, Jr.}} {{Portal|Biography}} * {{IBDB name}} * {{IMDb name|956067}} * {{Find a Grave|1361}} * [http://www.columbia.edu/cu/lweb/eresources/archives/rbml/urban/html/sub-625.html Ziegfeld Productions, 1915–1932], Joseph Urban Collection, Columbia University Libraries * [http://www.columbia.edu/cu/lweb/eresources/archives/rbml/urban/setmodels.html Joseph Urban Stage Design Models & Documents], Joseph Urban Collection, Columbia University Libraries – Photographs of select designs for Ziegfeld shows * [http://archives.nypl.org/the/21559 Flo Ziegfeld-Billie Burke Papers, 1907–1984], held by the Billy Rose Theatre Division, New York Public Library for the Performing Arts
{{Ziegfeld Follies}} {{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Ziegfeld, Florenz Jr.}} Category:1867 births Category:1932 deaths Category:19th-century Roman Catholics Category:20th-century Roman Catholics Category:20th-century American businesspeople Category:Businesspeople from Chicago Category:American people of Belgian descent Category:American people of German descent Category:American theatre directors Category:American theatre managers and producers Category:American impresarios Category:Ziegfeld Follies Category:Burials at Kensico Cemetery Category:Infectious disease deaths in California Category:Deaths from pleurisy Category:American Freemasons