{{short description|Government of Great Britain}} {{other uses of|Broad Bottom|broad bottom government}} {{redirect|Pelham ministry|Pelham's first administration as First Lord of the Treasury|Carteret ministry}} {{EngvarB|date=July 2016}} {{Use dmy dates|date=July 2016}}{{Infobox government cabinet | cabinet_name = Broad Bottom ministry | incumbent = 1744 – 1754 | government_head_title = Prime Minister | government_head = Henry Pelham | state_head_title = Monarch | image = {{multiple image | total_width = 300 | align = center | image1 = Henry Pelham (1694–1754) (cropped 2).jpg | alt1 = detail of painting | image2 = Thomas-Pelham-Holles-1st-Duke-of-Newcastle-under-Lyne (cropped).jpg | alt2 = detail of painting | border = infobox }} | caption = Henry Pelham, Prime Minister of Great Britain ''(left)'' and Thomas Pelham-Holles, 1st Duke of Newcastle, Secretary of State ''(right)'' | state_head = George II | political_party = {{Unbulleted list | {{Color box|{{party color|Whig Party (UK)}}|border=darkgray}} Whigs}} | legislature_status = Majority | legislature_term = 1741–1747<br/> 1747–1754 | election = 1741 general election<br/> 1747 general election | opposition_party = {{Unbulleted list | {{Color box|{{party color|Tories (British political party) }}|border=darkgray}} Tories}} | opposition_leader = Sir Watkin Williams-Wynn | successor = Short-lived ministry (first)<br/> First Newcastle ministry (second) | flag = File:Coat_of_arms_of_Great_Britain_(1714–1801).svg | jurisdiction = Great Britain | flag_border = false | date_formed = 24 November 1744 (first)<br/> 14 February 1746 (second) | date_dissolved = 10 February 1744 (first)<br/> 6 March 1754 (second) | predecessor = Walpole ministry (first)<br/> Short-lived ministry (second) }}
The '''Broad Bottom ministry''' was the factional coalition government of Great Britain between 1744 and 1754.{{sfn|Colley|1985|page={{pli|{{GBurl|id=V6gVTgWRyBIC|pg=243}}|243 }}{{closed access}}|ps=none}} It was led by the two Pelham brothers in Parliament, Prime Minister Henry Pelham in the House of Commons and Thomas Pelham-Holles, 1st Duke of Newcastle in the House of Lords.
Early in 1746 George II wished a change of prime minister, and Pelham lost power, but only briefly. On returning to office he put in place a strengthened broad coalition of Whigs. The second Broad Bottom administration lasted from Pelham's resumption of power until his death in 1754.{{refn|Beyond the more senior ministers listed (see below), other significant figures in the ministry from 1746 include Henry Fox as Secretary at War and William Pitt as Paymaster of the Forces.<ref>{{harvnb|Kulisheck|2004}} {{closed access}}</ref>}}
==Ministry== [[File:Henry Pelham by William Hoare.jpg|thumb|''Portrait of Henry Pelham'' by William Hoare, 1751. Pelham was both Prime Minister and Chancellor of the Exchequer]] {{Cabinet table start | hidepartycol = y | hiderefcol = y }} {{Cabinet table minister | title = {{ubl|First Lord of the Treasury{{sfn|Haydn|1851|page={{pli|{{GBurl|id=buoKAAAAYAAJ|page=112}}|112 }}{{free access}}|ps=none}}|Chancellor of the Exchequer{{sfn|Haydn|1851|page={{pli|{{GBurl|id=buoKAAAAYAAJ|page=168}}|168 }}{{free access}} |ps=none}}}} | minister1 = Henry Pelham | minister1_termstart = Continued | minister1_termend = {{end date|1754|df=yes}} | minister1_ministryhead= y }} {{Cabinet table minister | title = Lord Chancellor{{sfn|Haydn|1851|page={{pli|{{GBurl|id=buoKAAAAYAAJ|page=105}}|105 }}{{free access}}|ps=none}} | minister1 = Philip Yorke, 1st Baron Hardwicke | minister1_termstart = Continued | minister1_termend = {{end date|1754|df=yes}} }} {{Cabinet table minister | title = Lord President of the Council{{sfn|Haydn|1851|page={{pli|{{GBurl|id=buoKAAAAYAAJ|page=119}}|119 }}{{free access}}|ps=none}} | minister1 = William Stanhope, 1st Earl of Harrington | minister1_termstart = Continued | minister1_termend = {{end date|1745|df=yes}} | minister2 = Lionel Sackville, 1st Duke of Dorset | minister2_termstart = {{start date|1745|df=yes}} | minister2_termend = {{end date|1751|df=yes}} | minister3 = John Carteret, 2nd Earl Granville | minister3_termstart = {{start date|1751|df=yes}} | minister3_termend = {{end date|1754|df=yes}} }} {{Cabinet table minister | title = Lord Privy Seal{{sfn|Haydn|1851|page={{pli|{{GBurl|id=buoKAAAAYAAJ|page=147}}|147 }}{{free access}}|ps=none}} | minister1 = John Leveson-Gower, 2nd Baron Gower | minister1_termstart = {{start date|1744|df=yes}} | minister1_termend = {{end date|1754|df=yes}} }} {{Cabinet table minister | title = Secretary of State for the Southern Department{{sfn|Haydn|1851|page={{pli|{{GBurl|id=buoKAAAAYAAJ|page=172}}|172 }} {{free access}}|ps=none}} | minister1 = Thomas Pelham-Holles, 1st Duke of Newcastle | minister1_termstart = Continued | minister1_termend = {{end date|1748|df=yes}} | minister1_ministryhead= y | minister2 = John Russell, 4th Duke of Bedford | minister2_termstart = {{start date|1748|df=yes}} | minister2_termend = {{end date|1751|df=yes}} | minister3 = Robert Darcy, 4th Earl of Holderness | minister3_termstart = {{start date|1751|df=yes}} | minister3_termend = {{end date|1754|df=yes}} }} {{Cabinet table minister | title = Secretary of State for the Northern Department{{sfn|Haydn|1851|page={{pli|{{GBurl|id=buoKAAAAYAAJ|page=172}}|172 }} {{free access}}|ps=none}} | minister1 = William Stanhope, 1st Earl of Harrington | minister1_termstart = {{start date|1744|df=yes}} | minister1_termend = {{end date|1746|df=yes}} | minister2 = Philip Stanhope, 4th Earl of Chesterfield | minister2_termstart = {{start date|1746|df=yes}} | minister2_termend = {{end date|1748|df=yes}} | minister3 = Thomas Pelham-Holles, 1st Duke of Newcastle | minister3_termstart = {{start date|1748|df=yes}} | minister3_termend = {{end date|1754|df=yes}} | minister3_ministryhead= y }} {{Cabinet table minister | title = Master-General of the Ordnance{{sfn|Haydn|1851|page={{pli|{{GBurl|id=buoKAAAAYAAJ|page=192}}|192 }} {{free access}}|ps=none}} | minister1 = John Montagu, 2nd Duke of Montagu | minister1_termstart = Continued | minister1_termend = {{end date|1749|df=yes}} | minister2 = {{nobold|''Vacant''}} | minister2_termstart = {{start date|1749|df=yes}} | minister2_termend = {{end date|1754|df=yes}} }} {{Cabinet table minister | title = First Lord of the Admiralty{{sfn|Haydn|1851|page={{pli|{{GBurl|id=buoKAAAAYAAJ|page=160}}|160 }} {{free access}}|ps=none}} | minister1 = John Russell, 4th Duke of Bedford | minister1_termstart = {{start date|1744|df=yes}} | minister1_termend = {{end date|1748|df=yes}} | minister2 = John Montagu, 4th Earl of Sandwich | minister2_termstart = {{start date|1748|df=yes}} | minister2_termend = {{end date|1751|df=yes}} | minister3 = George Anson, 1st Baron Anson | minister3_termstart = {{start date|1751|df=yes}} | minister3_termend = {{end date|1754|df=yes}} }} {{Cabinet table minister | title = Keeper of the Great Seal of Scotland{{sfn|Haydn|1851|page={{pli|{{GBurl|id=buoKAAAAYAAJ|page=401}}|401 }}{{free access}}|ps=none}} | minister1 = Archibald Campbell, 3rd Duke of Argyll | minister1_termstart = {{start date|1744|df=yes}} | minister1_termend = {{end date|1754|df=yes}} }} {{Cabinet table minister | title = Secretary of State for Scotland{{sfn|Haydn|1851|page={{pli|{{GBurl|id=buoKAAAAYAAJ|page=409}}|409 }}{{free access}}|ps=none}} | minister1 = John Hay, 4th Marquess of Tweeddale | minister1_termstart = {{start date|1744|df=yes}} | minister1_termend = {{end date|1746|df=yes}} }} {{Cabinet table minister | title = Lord Chamberlain of the Household{{sfn|Haydn|1851|page={{pli|{{GBurl|id=buoKAAAAYAAJ|page=206}}|206 }}{{free access}}|ps=none}} | minister1 = Charles FitzRoy, 2nd Duke of Grafton | minister1_termstart = {{start date|1744|df=yes}} | minister1_termend = {{end date|1754|df=yes}} }} {{Cabinet table minister | title = Master of the Horse{{sfn|Haydn|1851|page={{pli|{{GBurl|id=buoKAAAAYAAJ|page=209}}|209 }}{{free access}}|ps=none}} | minister1 = Charles Lennox, 2nd Duke of Richmond | minister1_termstart = {{start date|1744|df=yes}} | minister1_termend = {{end date|1750|df=yes}} | minister2 = {{nobold|''Vacant''}} | minister2_termstart = {{start date|1750|df=yes}} | minister2_termend = {{end date|1751|df=yes}} | minister3 = William Cavendish, Marquess of Hartington | minister3_termstart = {{start date|1751|df=yes}} | minister3_termend = {{end date|1754|df=yes}} }} {{End}}
==See also== * 1747 British general election
==Notes== {{reflist}}
== Works cited== {{Refbegin|30em|indent=y}} * {{Citation |last=Colley |first=Linda |title=In Defiance of Oligarchy: The Tory Party 1714–60 |year=1985 |url={{GBurl|id=V6gVTgWRyBIC}} |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-5213-1311-7 |url-access=limited |authorlink=Linda Colley}} * {{Citation |last=Haydn |first=Joseph |title=The Book of Dignities |year=1851 |url={{GBurl|id=buoKAAAAYAAJ}} |place=London |publisher=Longmans, Brown, Green, and Longmans |authorlink=Joseph Timothy Haydn}} * {{Cite ODNB|mode=cs2 |last=Kulisheck|first=P. J.|year=2004 |title=Pelham, Henry (1694–1754)|id=21789|encyclopedia=Oxford Dictionary of National Biography}} {{Refend}}
== Further reading == {{Refbegin|30em|indent=y}} * {{Citation |last=Cook |first=Chris |title=British Historical Facts: 1688–1760 |page=42 |year=1988 |url={{GBurl|id=FomvCwAAQBAJ}} |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan UK |isbn=978-1-3490-2369-1 |last2=John Stevenson |url-access=limited}} * {{Cite ODNB|mode=cs2 |last=Kilburn|first=Matthew|year=2007 |title=Broad-bottom ministry ({{Em|act.}} 1744–1746)|id=95199|freearticle=y}} {{Refend}}
{{Start box}} {{Succession box | before=Carteret ministry | title=Government of Great Britain | after=Short-lived ministry | years={{Start and end dates|1744|11|24|1746|2|10|df=yes}} }} {{Succession box | before=Short-lived ministry | title=Government of Great Britain | after=First Newcastle ministry | years={{Start and end dates|1746|2|14|1754|3|6|df=yes}} }} {{End box}}
{{British ministries}} {{Kingdom of Great Britain}}
Category:British ministries Government Category:1744 establishments in Great Britain Category:1746 establishments in Great Britain Category:1746 disestablishments in Great Britain Category:1754 disestablishments in Great Britain Category:1740s in Great Britain Category:1750s in Great Britain Category:Ministries of George II of Great Britain Category:Thomas Pelham-Holles, 1st Duke of Newcastle Category:Henry Pelham