{{Short description|Civil war in the Iberian Peninsula from 1369 to 1371}} {{Infobox military conflict | conflict = First Fernandine War | partof = Fernandine Wars | date = 1369–1371 | place = Iberian Peninsula | result = Treaty of Alcoutim <br> Treaty of Tui (1372)<ref>{{cite web |url=https://maltez.info/aaanetnovabiografia/1350-1399/1372.htm |title=1372: A Battle of the Fernandine Wars |website=Maltez.info |access-date=2025-09-17}}</ref> | combatant1 = {{Tree list}} 22px Portuguese House of Burgundy * 22px|border Kingdom of Portugal and the Algarve ** 22px Kingdom of Galicia ** 22px Zamoran Rebels<ref>{{cite book |author=Álvarez Martínez, Ursicino |title=Historia general civil y eclesiástica de la provincia de Zamora |publisher=La Seña Bermeja |year=1889 |location=Zamora |url=https://bibliotecadigital.jcyl.es/i18n/consulta/registro.cmd?id=861 |access-date=2025-09-28}}</ref> {{Tree list/end}} 22px Crown of Aragon<ref>Proença, Maria Cândida (2010). ''História de Portugal – Da Formação a Aljubarrota – Séculos VIII–XIV''. Lisboa: Círculo de Leitores. ISBN 978-972-42-4523-2.</ref> <br> 22px|border Emirate of Granada<ref>Proença, Maria Cândida (2010). ''História de Portugal – Da Formação a Aljubarrota – Séculos VIII–XIV''. Lisboa: Círculo de Leitores. ISBN 978-972-42-4523-2.</ref><ref>{{cite book |author1=Collectif |url=https://books.openedition.org/cidehus/9937?lang=en |title=Guerras Fernandinas: Contexto, participação e consequências |website=OpenEdition Books |date=24 April 2020 |publisher=Publicações do CIDEHUS |isbn=979-10-365-5865-8 |access-date=2025-09-17}}</ref> | combatant2 = 22px House of Trastámara <br> 22px|border Realm of Castile 22px White Company<ref>Flatero Fernández, Carlos (1985). "A Batalla de Porto de Bois: un episodio galego do século XIV". Boletín do Centro.</ref><ref>{{cite book |author1=Collectif |url=https://books.openedition.org/cidehus/9937?lang=en |title=Guerras Fernandinas: Contexto, participação e consequências |website=OpenEdition Books |date=24 April 2020 |publisher=Publicações do CIDEHUS |isbn=979-10-365-5865-8 |access-date=2025-09-17}}</ref> | commander1 = 22px|border Ferdinand I of Portugal<br> 20px Peter IV of Aragon<ref>Proença, Maria Cândida (2010). ''História de Portugal – Da Formação a Aljubarrota – Séculos VIII–XIV''. Lisboa: Círculo de Leitores. ISBN 978-972-42-4523-2.</ref><br> 22px|border Lanzarote Pessanha <br> 22px|border Ferdinand Alfonso of Valencia <br> 22px Fernando Ruiz de Castro <br> border|23px Vasco Gomes de Abreu <br> border|23px Deu-la-Deu Martins<ref>{{cite web | title=Deu-la-Deu Martins. La leyenda de la heroína de Monçâo | url=https://www.riasbaixastribuna.com/2020/12/deu-la-deu-martins-la-leyenda-de-la.html }}</ref><ref>.pt/pt/viver/lendas-e-tradicoes/lenda-de-deu-la-deu-martins/</ref> <br> 22px John Alfonso of Zamora <br> 22px Muhammad V of Granada<ref>Proença, Maria Cândida (2010). ''História de Portugal – Da Formação a Aljubarrota – Séculos VIII–XIV''. Lisboa: Círculo de Leitores. ISBN 978-972-42-4523-2.</ref> <br> border|23px Ferdinand of Olivença<ref>{{cite book |title=Um palco e um cenário. A frontaria alentejana e as Guerras Fernandinas (1369-1382) |author=João Nisa |website=OpenEdition Books |date=24 April 2020 |publisher=Publicações do CIDEHUS |isbn=979-10-365-5865-8 |url=https://books.openedition.org/cidehus/9937?lang=en |language=en |access-date=28 September 2025}}</ref> | commander2 = 22px|border Henry of Trastámara <br> 22px|border Ambrosio Bocanegra <br> 22px|border Juana Manuel of Villena <br> 22px|border Pedro Rodrigues Sarmento <br> senmarco|22px Pedro Manrique 22px Bertrand du Guesclin<ref>Flatero Fernández, Carlos (1985). "A Batalla de Porto de Bois: un episodio galego do século XIV". Boletín do Centro.</ref><ref>{{cite book |author1=Collectif |url=https://books.openedition.org/cidehus/9937?lang=en |title=Guerras Fernandinas: Contexto, participação e consequências |website=OpenEdition Books |date=24 April 2020 |publisher=Publicações do CIDEHUS |isbn=979-10-365-5865-8 |access-date=2025-09-17}}</ref> | strength1 = Unknown | strength2 = Unknown | casualties1 = Unknown | casualties2 = Unknown | image = Painting of Ferdinand I of Portugal.jpg | caption = Ferdinand I of Portugal }}
{{Campaignbox Ferdinand Wars}} The '''First Fernandine War''' was the initial conflict in the series of wars between the Kingdom of Portugal and the Realm of Castile during the late 14th century. It commenced in 1369 following the assassination of King Pedro I of Castile and concluded in 1371 with the signing of the Treaty of Alcoutim.<ref>{{Cite encyclopedia |title=Peace of Alcoutim |encyclopedia=Encyclopaedia Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Peace-of-Alcoutim |access-date=2025-09-28}}</ref>
==Background==
The war was primarily a dynastic struggle, with King Ferdinand I of Portugal asserting his claim to the Castilian throne after the murder of his cousin, King Pedro I. This claim was contested by Henry II of Castile, who had seized the throne through assassination. The conflict was marked by border skirmishes, sieges, and naval engagements.
==Key Events==
===Sack of Cádiz===
In 1370, Portuguese forces Sacked the Andalusian port city of Cádiz to stop Castilian maritime activities and assert Portuguese naval presence in the region. The raid resulted in significant damage to the city and big Profit for the Portuguese and their naval operations.<ref>{{cite web |author=João Macdonald |title=D. João I – biografia |url=https://www.academia.edu/42832750 |website=Academia.edu |date=January 2006 |access-date=2025-09-28}}</ref>
===Naval Blockade of Seville===
In the same year, an armada headed for Seville consisting of thirty-two galleys and thirty ships. That were under the command of Admiral Lançarote Pessanha and Captain-Major João Focim, a Castilian knight exiled in Portugal Launched a naval blockade on Seville. The main objective was to immobilize the Castilian fleet and block supplies to Seville.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Cardoso |first=Elise |title=O abastecimento militar ao tempo do Bloqueio de Sevilha (1369–1370) |journal=Revista e-Stratégica |volume=2 |pages=7–23 |year=2018 |url=https://www.journal-estrategica.com/pdf/numero-2/o-abastecimento-militar-ao-tempo-do-bloqueio-de-sevilha.pdf |access-date=2025-09-28 |issn=2530-9951}}</ref>
===Siege of Monção===
In 1370, Castilian forces laid siege to the town of Monção, located in northern Portugal. The defenders, led by Captain Vasco Gomes de Abreu and his wife, Deu-la-Deu Martins, faced dire conditions. According to local legend, Deu-la-Deu Martins baked a small amount of bread and threw it over the walls to deceive the besiegers into thinking the town had ample supplies. This ruse led to the lifting of the siege and a Portuguese victory.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.altominho.pt/pt/viver/lendas-e-tradicoes/lenda-de-deu-la-deu-martins/ |title=Lenda de Deu-La-Deu Martins |website=AltoMinho.pt |access-date=2025-09-28}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.riasbaixastribuna.com/2020/12/deu-la-deu-martins-la-leyenda-de-la.html?m=1 |title=Deu-la-Deu Martins: La leyenda de la heroína de Monção |website=Rías Baixas Tribuna |access-date=2025-09-28}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://nowiknow.com/when-bread-breaks-arms/ |title=When Bread Breaks Arms |website=Now I Know |access-date=2025-09-28}}</ref>
===Battle of Porto de Bois===
The Battle of Porto de Bois was the Decisive last engagement during the First Fernandine War. Portuguese and Castilian armies clashed near the Pambre River. The Portuguese and their Galician Supporters were Crushed by the Castillan and French Coalition, ending the First Fernandine War<ref>{{cite thesis |last=Cardoso |first=Elise |title=A Batalha de Porto de Bois |type=Master's thesis |institution=University of Coimbra |year=2015 |url=https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B-vfgBjJeAb6VFpDVENGWFFsMkk/view?usp=drivesdk&resourcekey=0-JZ81SumI_TtxTnkBwTWgEw |access-date=2025-09-28}}</ref>
==Conclusion==
The First Fernandine War concluded in 1371 with the signing of the Treaty of Alcoutim, which temporarily halted hostilities between Portugal and Castile. However, Portugal betrayed the Castilian treaty, eventually leading to the Second Fernandine War in 1372.<ref>{{cite book |author=Nisa, João |chapter=Um palco e um cenário. A frontaria alentejana e as Guerras Fernandinas (1369–1382) |editor= |title=Juvenes – The Middle Ages seen by young researchers |date=24 April 2020 |publisher=Publicações do CIDEHUS |location= |pages= |isbn=979-10-365-5865-8 |chapter-url=https://books.openedition.org/cidehus/9937 |access-date=2025-09-28}}</ref>
== References == {{reflist}}
Category:Wars involving Portugal