{{Short description|Brazilian painter (1855–1888)}} {{Multiple issues| {{one source|date=October 2014}} {{expand Portuguese|topic=bio|date=October 2019}} }} {{Infobox artist | name = | image = Angelo Agostini - A. F. Monteiro, 1882 (litografia).jpg | caption = Lithograph by Angelo Agostini, 1882 | birth_date = {{birth date|1855|2|22|df=yes}} | death_date = {{death date and age|1888|7|3|1855|2|22|df=yes}} | education = Imperial Academy of Fine Arts | birth_place = Rio de Janeiro, Brazil | death_place = Niterói, Brazil }} '''Antônio Firmino Monteiro''' (22 February 1855 – 3 July 1888) was a Brazilian painter.
== Biography == He was born into poverty in Rio de Janeiro, and in his youth had to work as a clerk, printer and bookbinder to help support his family. As a result, he had to postpone his artistic studies at the Academia Imperial de Belas Artes until he was older than the average new student. He eventually was able to study with Victor Meirelles, Agostinho José da Mota and João Zeferino da Costa.<ref name="I">[http://enciclopedia.itaucultural.org.br/pessoa23116/Firmino-Monteiro Brief biography] @ the Enciclopédia Itaú Cultural</ref>
Most of his work consisted of landscapes and genre scenes done in and around Rio de Janeiro. One of his first trips elsewhere occurred in 1880, when he was able to go to Europe with the financial assistance of Emperor Pedro II.<ref name="I" /> When he returned, he applied for the chair of "Landscape, Flower and Animal Painting" at the academy, but the position went to someone else.<!-- given as Leôncio Vieira, but he died in 1881, so he must have been the one being replaced. -->
He participated in the "Exposição Gerais de Belas Artes" several times. In 1879, he received the Second Gold Medal. In 1884, he was named a Knight of the Imperial Ordem da Rosa for "Camões no seu leito de morte" (Camões on his deathbed) and works depicting the street life of the capital.<ref name="I" />
From 1885 to 1887, he made further study trips to Europe, with a longer stay in Paris. When he returned, he became a teacher at the Escola de Belas Artes da Bahia. He was also interested in the chemistry of pigments.<ref name="I" /> His death, in 1888 in Niterói, is described as "sudden".
==Gallery== <gallery mode="packed" heights="145"> File:Palácio Pedro Ernesto - Fundação da Cidade.jpg|''Founding of the City of Rio de Janeiro'' (1881) File:Firmino Monteiro - Camões no seu leito de morte.jpg|''Camões on his deathbed'' (1883) File:Antônio Firmino Monteiro - Fósforos.jpg|''Matches!'' (1884) File:Firmino Monteiro - Natureza-morta, 1885 (2).jpg|''Still life'' (1885) Firmino Monteiro - Vercingetorix diante de Júlio César (1886).jpg|''Vercingetorix before Julius Caesar'' (1886) </gallery>
==References== {{reflist}}
== Further reading == * Quirino Campofiorito. ''História da pintura brasileira no século XIX''. Rio de Janeiro: Pinakotheke, 1983. * Gonzaga Duque. ''A Arte brasileira: pintura e esculptura''. Rio de Janeiro: H. Lombaerts & C., 1888 * Laudelino Freire. ''Um século de pintura: apontamentos para a história da pintura no Brasil: de 1816-1916''. Rio de Janeiro: Röhe, 1916.
==External links== {{commons category|Firmino Monteiro}} * {{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20150924073709/http://www.pitoresco.com/laudelino/firmino/firmino.htm Biography and appreciation of Monteiro]}} @ Pitoresco
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Monteiro, Firmino}} Category:1855 births Category:1888 deaths Category:Artists from Rio de Janeiro (city) Category:19th-century Brazilian painters Category:Brazilian male painters Category:19th-century Brazilian male artists
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