{{Short description|Genus of flowering plants}} {{Automatic taxobox |image = Firmiana simplex3.jpg |image_caption = ''Firmiana simplex'' |taxon = Firmiana |authority = Marsili, 1786 |synonyms = * ''Erythropsis'' {{small|Lindl.}} * ''Karaka'' {{small|Raf.}} |synonyms_ref = <ref name = POWO>[https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn%3Alsid%3Aipni.org%3Anames%3A38699-1 Plants of the World Online: ''Firmiana'' Marsili (retrieved 3 November 2025)]</ref> }}
'''''Firmiana'''''<ref>Marsili GM (1786) ''Saggi Sci. Lett. Accad. Padova'' i. 106</ref> is a genus of flowering plant in the family Malvaceae, native to tropical and temperate south, southeast, and Eastern Asia to New Guinea and the southwest Pacific.<ref name = POWO/> It was formerly placed in the now defunct family Sterculiaceae and may sometimes be called the "parasol tree". The genus name honours Karl Joseph von Firmian.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.missouribotanicalgarden.org/gardens-gardening/your-garden/plant-finder/plant-details/kc/c819/firmiana-simplex.aspx |title=''Firmiana simplex'' |work=Plant Finder |publisher=Missouri Botanical Garden |accessdate=24 March 2013}}</ref> The defining characteristic of the genus ''Firmiana'' is the development of the fruit. Shortly after pollination the five carpels unfold to be flat and turn green with four developing seeds attached to the edge, fully exposed to the environment.<ref>{{ cite book | last= Corner |first= Prof. E.J.H. | date= 1989 |title= The Life of Plants | location= New York | publisher= New American Library | pages= 213–214}}</ref>
==Species== ''Plants of the World Online'' accepts 18 species.<ref name = POWO/> # ''Firmiana bracteata'' {{Au|DC.}} # ''Firmiana calcarea'' {{Au|C.F.Liang & S.L.Mo ex Y.S.Huang}} # ''Firmiana colorata'' {{Au|(Roxb.) R.Br.}} # ''Firmiana danxiaensis'' {{Au|H.H.Hsue & H.S.Kiu}} # ''Firmiana daweishanensis'' {{Au|Gui L.Zhang & J.Y.Xiang}} # ''Firmiana diversifolia'' {{Au|A.Gray}} # ''Firmiana fulgens'' {{Au|(Wall. ex Mast.) K.Schum.}} # ''Firmiana hainanensis'' {{Au|Kosterm.}} # ''Firmiana kerrii'' {{Au|(Craib) Kosterm.}} # ''Firmiana kwangsiensis'' {{Au|H.H.Hsue}} # ''Firmiana major'' {{Au|(W.W.Sm.) Hand.-Mazz.}} # ''Firmiana malayana'' {{Au|Kosterm.}} # ''Firmiana minahassae'' {{Au|(Koord.) Kosterm.}} # ''Firmiana papuana'' {{Au|Mildbr.}} # ''Firmiana pulcherrima'' {{Au|H.H.Hsue}} # ''Firmiana simplex'' {{Au|(L.) W.Wight}} — Chinese parasol tree, or wutong<ref name="FoC"/> # ''Firmiana subglabra'' {{Au|(V.Abraham & Dutt) Kosterm.}} # ''Firmiana sumbawaensis'' {{Au|Kosterm.}}
==Gallery== <gallery> File:Firmiana malayana2.JPG|''Firmiana colorata'' File:Firmiana malayana3.JPG File:Firminia malayana.JPG File:Firmiana malayana - feuillage.JPG File:Firmiana colorata.jpg|''Firmiana colorata'' File:Firmiana colorata1.jpg File:Firmiana malayana at Kepong Botanical Garden 20230625 104133.jpg|''Firmiana malayana'' </gallery>
==References== <references> <ref name="FoC">{{cite web|url=http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=112820 |title=''Firmiana'' |author=Ya Tang |author2=Michael G. Gilbert |author3=Laurence J. Dorr |name-list-style=amp |work=Flora of China |publisher=Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO & Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, MA |accessdate=24 March 2013}}</ref> </references>
==External links== *{{Commons category-inline}} *{{cite web|title=Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2014 Annual Checklist.|url=http://www.catalogueoflife.org/annual-checklist/2014/browse/tree/id/17210779|author=Roskov Y.|author2= Kunze T.|author3=Orrell T.|author4=Abucay L.|author5=Paglinawan L.|author6=Culham A.|author7=Bailly N.|author8=Kirk P.|author9=Bourgoin T.|author10=Baillargeon G.|author11=Decock W.|author12=De Wever A.|editor=Didžiulis V.|publisher=Species 2000: Reading, UK.|year= 2014|accessdate=26 May 2014}} {{Taxonbar|from=Q427914}}
Category:Firmiana Category:Malvaceae genera Category:Taxonomy articles created by Polbot