{{short description|Italian Roman Catholic cardinal}} {{Use dmy dates|date=January 2022}} {{Infobox Christian leader | type = Cardinal | honorific-prefix = His Eminence | name = Fiorenzo Angelini | honorific-suffix = | title = [[Pontifical Council for the Pastoral Care of Health Care Workers|President Emeritus of the Pontifical Council for Pastoral Assistance to Health Care Workers]] | image = Fiorenzo_Angelini.png | imagesize = | alt = | caption = | see = [[Santo Spirito in Sassia]] | elected = | appointed = 16 February 1985 (Pro-President) | term = | term_start = | quashed = | term_end = 31 October 1996 | predecessor = None | opposed = | successor = [[Javier Lozano Barragán]] | other_post = [[Santo Spirito in Sassia|Cardinal-Priest of Santo Spirito in Sassia]] <!---------- Orders ---------->| ordination = 3 February 1940 | ordinated_by = | consecration = 29 July 1956 | consecrated_by = [[Giuseppe Pizzardo]] | cardinal = 28 June 1991 | rank = Cardinal-Priest <!---------- Personal details ---------->| birth_name = | birth_date = {{birth date|df=yes|1916|8|1}} | birth_place = [[Rome]], [[Kingdom of Italy|Italy]] | death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|2014|11|22|1916|8|1}} | death_place = Rome, Italy | buried = | religion = [[Roman Catholic]] | previous_post = {{unbulleted list|Official of the Roman Curia (1956–1977)|Titular Bishop of Messene (1956–1985)|[[Diocese of Rome|Auxiliary Bishop of Rome]] (1977–1985)|Titular Archbishop of Messene (1985–1991)}} | alma_mater = | signature = | coat_of_arms = Coat of arms of Fiorenzo Angelini.svg | motto = evangelizo pacem evangelizo bonum }}
'''Fiorenzo Angelini''' (1 August 1916 – 22 November 2014) was an Italian [[Cardinal (Catholic Church)|cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church]]. He served as the [[Pontifical Council for the Pastoral Care of Health Care Workers|President of the Pontifical Council for the Pastoral Care of Health Care Workers]] in the [[Roman Curia]], and was elevated to the [[Cardinal (Catholic Church)|cardinalate]] in 1991. When Cardinal [[Ersilio Tonini]] died on 28 July 2013, Cardinal Angelini became the oldest living cardinal until the next consistory where [[Pope Francis]] appointed 98-year-old Archbishop [[Loris Francesco Capovilla]] as a cardinal.
== Biography == Born in [[Rome]], Angelini studied at the [[Pontifical Roman Seminary]], [[Pontifical Lateran University]], and Pontifical Theological Faculty Marianum before being [[Holy Orders|ordained]] to the [[Priesthood (Catholic Church)|priesthood]] on 3 February 1940. He did [[Parish (Catholic Church)|pastoral]] work in Rome until 1956, and served as a chaplain in [[Azione Cattolica]] from 1945 to 1959. Angelini served as [[Office for the Liturgical Celebrations of the Supreme Pontiff|Master of Pontifical Ceremonies]] from 1947 to 1954, and for a few months he was a delegate for Roman hospitals.
On 27 June 1956, he was appointed [[Titular Bishop]] of [[Messene]] by [[Pope Pius XII]]. Angelini received his [[Bishop (Catholic Church)|episcopal consecration]] on 29 July from Cardinal [[Giuseppe Pizzardo]], with Archbishop [[Luigi Traglia]] and Bishop Ismaele Castellano serving as [[Consecrator|co-consecrators]]. He founded, in 1959, the Italian Catholic Doctors' Association, and attended the [[Second Vatican Council]] (1962–1965). On 6 January 1977, [[Pope Paul VI]] named him an Auxiliary Bishop of [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Rome|Rome]]. [[Pope John Paul II]] raised him to the rank of [[Bishop (Catholic Church)|Archbishop]] and appointed him as the first president of the newly created [[Pontifical Council for the Pastoral Care of Health Care Workers]] on 16 February 1985. He was created [[Cardinal (Catholic Church)|Cardinal-Deacon]] of ''[[Santo Spirito in Sassia]]'' by John Paul II in the [[Papal consistory|consistory]] of 28 June 1991.
Due to his responsibility for the health of the [[Holy See|Vatican]] (head of the [[Pontifical Council for the Pastoral Care of Health Care Workers]], 1985–1996), which made him the leader of 3,000 institutions in Italy alone, Angelini (nicknamed ''Sua Sanità'') was involved in the [[Tangentopoli]] bribery scandal of the early 1990s.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indignatospeciale.com/news.asp?id=305|title=Sua Sanità Fiorenzo Angelini|last=Nuzzi|first=Gianluigi|authorlink=Gianluigi Nuzzi|work=Vaticano S.p.A.|accessdate=19 October 2010|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110713025647/http://www.indignatospeciale.com/news.asp?id=305|archivedate=13 July 2011}}</ref> Accusations against him included the forced acceptance of his own people for public commissions, as well as [[extortion]] from a pharmaceutical company.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://archiviostorico.corriere.it/1993/ottobre/27/uno_sponsor_politico_per_ogni_co_0_9310277659.shtml|title=Uno sponsor politico per ogni farmaco|last=D'Errico|first=Enzo|publisher=Corriere della Sera|accessdate=19 October 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://ricerca.repubblica.it/repubblica/archivio/repubblica/1993/10/01/trecento-miliardi-di-poggiolini.html|title=I trecendo miliardi di Poggiolini|last=Marino|first=Giovanni|date=October 1993 |publisher=La Repubblica|accessdate=19 October 2010}}</ref> Angelini was not prosecuted, due to the Vatican's extraterritorial privileges granted by the [[Lateran Pacts]]. Angelini was near to [[Giulio Andreotti]], a [[Christian Democracy (Italy)|Christian Democracy]] (DC) politician who was several times Prime Minister of Italy, and whose entourage fell from power in the same period by similar scandals (Andreotti himself was put on trial for associations with the mafia). Angelini celebrated the marriage of the daughter of [[Paolo Cirino Pomicino]], another DC politician involved in the bribery scandals; the marriage was attended, amongst others, by Andreotti, [[Gianni De Michelis]] (also put on trial in the Tangentopoli scandal) and minister Francesco De Lorenzo, who was condemned to 5 years imprisonment for bribery in the management of Italy's Public Health sector.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ricerca.repubblica.it/repubblica/archivio/repubblica/1993/10/12/angelini-il-richelieu-delle-medicine.html|title=Angelini, il Richelieu delle medicine|last=Longo|first=Alessandra|date=12 October 1993 |publisher=La Repubblica|accessdate=19 October 2010}}</ref>
Angelini lost his right to vote in [[papal conclave]]s when he turned 80 on 1 August 1996. He retired as President of Pastoral Care of Health Care Workers on 31 December 1996, and on 26 February 2002, he exercised the right of becoming a [[Cardinal (Catholic Church)|cardinal priest]] after ten years as a cardinal deacon. Angelini has called for the opening of a cause for the [[beatification]] of French [[geneticist]] [[Jérôme Lejeune]].<ref>What the Cardinals Believe. [http://www.cardinalrating.com/cardinal_161__article_1222.htm French Pro-Life Geneticist Jerome Lejeune to be Considered for Catholic Beatification] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222041020/http://www.cardinalrating.com/cardinal_161__article_1222.htm |date=22 February 2014 }} 15 April 2005</ref>
In 1997 Angelini formed the [[International Institute for Research on the Face of Christ]] in Rome in association with the [[Sisters of the Reparation of the Holy Face]].<ref>[https://www.vatican.va/holy_father/john_paul_ii/speeches/1999/october/documents/hf_jp-ii_spe_14101999_riparatrici_en.html Vatican website: ''Address of John Paul II to the Benedictine Sisters of the Holy Face'', 14 October 1999]</ref><ref>[https://www.vatican.va/holy_father/john_paul_ii/letters/2000/documents/hf_jp-ii_let_20001021_riparatrici_en.html Vatican website: ''Letter of John Paul II to Fiorenzo Angelini'' 27 September 2000] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080502234831/https://www.vatican.va/holy_father/john_paul_ii/letters/2000/documents/hf_jp-ii_let_20001021_riparatrici_en.html |date=2 May 2008 }}</ref>
On 28 July 2013, day of the death of cardinal [[Ersilio Tonini]], he became the oldest cardinal in the world.<ref>[https://www.vatican.va/news_services/press/documentazione/documents/cardinali_statistiche/cardinali_statistiche_eta_it.html ''Elenco dei Cardinali in ordine di età'']</ref> However, [[Loris Francesco Capovilla]], who was elevated to cardinal on 22 February 2014, was older.
==Angelini and Pope Pius XII ==
Angelini was a lifelong admirer of the late Pope Pius XII. In 1959, Angelini published the medical theological pronouncement of the late Pope, the only systematic compilation of the medical speeches and positions of [[Pope Pius XII]], in ''Pio XII Discorsi Ai Medici''<ref>Edizioni Orizzonte Medico, Rome, 1959</ref> and went on to champion his cause for [[canonization]].<ref>Catholic World News. [http://www.cwnews.com/data/stories/cns/0602448.htm Sense of urgency: Pope Pius XII supporters await progress on cause]{{dead link|date=October 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} 28 April 2006</ref> Angelini was appointed bishop by Pius XII in 1956, but did not get the [[galero]] (red hat) until 1991. In a 1992 sermon in Saint Peter Basilica on the anniversary of the death of the pontiff, Angelini stated that his career had suffered because of his positive views of Pope Pius XII.
== References == {{reflist}}
==External links== {{wikiquote}} {{commonscat}}
{{s-start}} {{s-rel|ca}} {{s-new|office }} {{s-ttl | title = President of [[Pontifical Council for the Pastoral Care of Health Care Workers]] | years = 1985–1996 }} {{s-aft | after = [[Javier Lozano Barragán]] }} {{s-ach|rec}} {{succession box | title = [[List of living cardinals|Oldest living Member of the Sacred College]] | years = 28 July 2013 – 22 February 2014 | before = [[Ersilio Tonini]] | after = [[Loris Francesco Capovilla]] }} {{s-end}}
{{Cardinals created by John Paul II}} {{Subject bar |portal1= Biography |portal2= Catholicism |portal3= Italy}} {{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Angelini, Fiorenzo}} [[Category:1916 births]] [[Category:2014 deaths]] [[Category:21st-century Italian cardinals]] [[Category:Participants in the Second Vatican Council]] [[Category:Clergy from Rome]] [[Category:Pontifical Lateran University alumni]] [[Category:Pontifical Roman Seminary alumni]] [[Category:Pontifical Council for the Pastoral Care of Health Care Workers]] [[Category:Cardinals created by Pope John Paul II]] [[Category:20th-century Italian cardinals]] [[Category:20th-century Italian Roman Catholic archbishops]] [[Category:Sasakawa Health Prize laureates]]