{{short description|1889-1891 U.S. Congress}} {{Use American English|date=January 2026}} {{Use mdy dates|date=January 2026}} {{Infobox United States Congress |number = 51st | image= USCapitol1906.jpg | imagedate=1906 |start = March 4, 1889 |end = March 4, 1891 |vp = Levi P. Morton (R) |pro tem = John J. Ingalls (R) |speaker = Thomas B. Reed (R) |senators = 88 |reps = 332 |delegates = 9 |s-majority = Republican |h-majority = Republican |sessionnumber1 = Special{{efn|Special session of the Senate.}} |sessionstart1 = March 4, 1889 |sessionend1 = April 2, 1889 |sessionnumber2 = 1st |sessionstart2 = December 2, 1889 |sessionend2 = October 1, 1890 |sessionnumber3 = 2nd |sessionstart3 = December 1, 1890 |sessionend3 = March 3, 1891 |previous = 50th |next = 52nd }} The '''51st United States Congress''', referred to by some critics as the '''Billion Dollar Congress''', was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, consisting of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C., from March 4, 1889, to March 4, 1891, during the first two years of Benjamin Harrison's presidency.
The apportionment of seats in this House of Representatives was based on the 1880 United States census.
The Republicans maintained their majority in the Senate, and won the majority in the House. With Benjamin Harrison being sworn in as president on March 4, 1889, this gave the Republicans an overall federal government trifecta for the first time since the 43rd Congress in 1873–1875.
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== Major events == {{Main|1889 in the United States|1890 in the United States|1891 in the United States}} * March 4, 1889: Benjamin Harrison became President of the United States * December 29, 1890: Wounded Knee Massacre
== Major legislation == [[Image:Billion dollar Congress.jpg|thumb|Benjamin Harrison and the Congress are portrayed as a "Billion-Dollar Congress," wasting the surplus in this cartoon from ''Puck''.]] {{Main|List of United States federal legislation#51st United States Congress}} It was responsible for a number of pieces of landmark legislation, many of which asserted the authority of the federal government.
Emboldened by their success in the elections of 1888, the Republicans enacted virtually their entire platform during their first 303-day session, including a measure that provided American Civil War veterans with generous pensions and expanded the list of eligible recipients to include noncombatants and the children of veterans. Grover Cleveland had vetoed a similar bill in 1887. It was criticized as the "Billion Dollar Congress'" for its lavish spending and, for this reason it incited drastic reversals in public support that led to Cleveland's reelection in 1892.
Other important legislation passed into law by the Congress included the McKinley tariff, authored by Representative, and future President, William McKinley; the Sherman Antitrust Act, which prohibited business combinations that restricted trade; and the Sherman Silver Purchase Act, which required the U.S. government to mint silver. The last two were concessions to Western farmer interests in exchange for support of the tariff and would become central tenets of the Populist Party later in the decade. They were authored by Senator John Sherman.
The Fifty-first Congress was also responsible for passing the Land Revision Act of 1891, which created the national forests. Harrison authorized America's first forest reserve in Yellowstone, Wyoming, the same year.
Other bills were discussed but failed to pass, including two significant pieces of legislation focused on ensuring African Americans the right to vote. Henry Cabot Lodge sponsored a so-called Lodge Bill that would have established federal supervision of Congressional elections so as to prevent the disfranchisement of southern blacks. Henry W. Blair sponsored the Blair Education Bill, which advocated the use of federal aid for education in order to frustrate southern whites employing literacy tests to prevent blacks from registering to vote.
* June 27, 1890: Dependent Pension Act * July 2, 1890: Sherman Antitrust Act, ch. 647, {{USStat|26|209}} * July 14, 1890: Sherman Silver Purchase Act, ch. 708, {{USStat|26|289}} * August 30, 1890: Morrill Land-Grant Colleges Act * October 1, 1890: McKinley Tariff, ch. 1244, {{USStat|26|567}} * March 3, 1891: Forest Reserve Act of 1891 * March 3, 1891: Land Revision Act of 1891 * March 3, 1891: Immigration Act of 1891 * March 3, 1891: Merchant Marine Act of 1891 * March 3, 1891: International Copyright Act (The Chace Act)
== States admitted and territories organized == * November 2, 1889: North Dakota and South Dakota were admitted as the 39th and 40th states. * November 8, 1889: Montana was admitted as the 41st state. * November 11, 1889: Washington was admitted as the 42nd state. * May 2, 1890: Oklahoma Territory was organized. * July 3, 1890: Idaho was admitted as the 43rd state. * July 10, 1890: Wyoming was admitted as the 44th state.
== Party summary ==
The count below identifies party affiliations at the beginning of this Congress. Changes resulting from subsequent replacements are shown below in the "Changes in membership" section.
Six new states were admitted during this Congress, and their senators and representatives were elected throughout the Congress.
===Senate=== {{US Congress party summary | congress = 51 | party1 = Democratic | abb1 = D | seats1_last = 37 | seats1_begin = 37 | seats1_end = 35 | seats1_next = 36
| party2 = Republican | abb2 = R | seats2_last = 38 | seats2_begin = 39 | seats2_end = 51 | seats2_next = 46
| party3 = Other | seats3_last = 1 | note3_last = Readjuster | shading3_last = Republican | seats3_begin = 0 | seats3_end = 0 | seats3_next = 2 | note3_next = Populist
| seats_vacant_last = 0 | seats_vacant_begin = 0 | seats_vacant_end = 2 | seats_vacant_next = 4
}}
=== House of Representatives === {{US Congress party summary | congress = 51 | party1 = Democratic | abb1 = D | seats1_last = 167 | seats1_begin = 160 | seats1_end = 153 | seats1_next = 238
| party2 = Labor | partylink2 = Labor Party (United States, 19th century) | abb2 = L | seats2_last = 2 | seats2_begin = 0 | seats2_end = 1 | seats2_next = 0
| party3 = Republican | abb3 = R | seats3_last = 152 | seats3_begin = 164 | seats3_end = 176 | seats3_next = 86
| party4 = Other | seats4_last = 4 | note4_last = Independent Republican, Greenback, Independent | seats4_begin = 0 | seats4_end = 0 | seats4_next = 8 | note4_next = Populist
| seats_vacant_last = 0 | seats_vacant_begin = 1 | seats_vacant_end = 2 | seats_vacant_next = 0
}}
==Leadership== [[File:Levi Morton - Brady-Handy portrait - standard crop.jpg|thumb|right|175px|President of the Senate<br>Levi P. Morton]]
===Senate=== *President: Levi P. Morton (R) * President pro tempore: John J. Ingalls (R), elected March 7, 1889 ** Charles F. Manderson (R), elected March 2, 1891 * Republican Conference Chairman: George F. Edmunds * Democratic Caucus Chairman: James B. Beck, until May 3, 1890 ** Arthur P. Gorman, afterwards
===House of Representatives=== *Speaker: Thomas B. Reed (R) * Republican Conference Chairman: Thomas J. Henderson * Democratic Caucus Chairman: William S. Holman * Democratic Campaign Committee Chairman: James T. Jones
==Members== This list is arranged by chamber, then by state. Senators are listed by class, and representatives are listed by district.
:''Skip to House of Representatives, below''
===Senate=== {{main|List of United States senators in the 51st Congress}} Senators were elected by the state legislatures every two years, with one-third beginning new six-year terms with each Congress. Preceding the names in the list below are Senate class numbers, which indicate the cycle of their election. In this Congress, Class 1 meant their term began in the last Congress, requiring reelection in 1892; Class 2 meant their term began in this Congress, requiring reelection in 1894; and Class 3 meant their term ended in this Congress, requiring reelection in 1890. {{col-begin}} {{col-break}}
==== Alabama ==== : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}2. John T. Morgan (D) : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}3. James L. Pugh (D)
==== Arkansas ==== : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}2. James H. Berry (D) : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}3. James K. Jones (D)
==== California ==== : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}1. George Hearst (D), until February 28, 1891 : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}3. Leland Stanford (R)
==== Colorado ==== : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}2. Edward O. Wolcott (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}3. Henry M. Teller (R)
==== Connecticut ==== : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}1. Joseph R. Hawley (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}3. Orville H. Platt (R)
==== Delaware ==== : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}1. George Gray (D) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}2. Anthony Higgins (R)
==== Florida ==== : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}1. Samuel Pasco (D) : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}3. Wilkinson Call (D)
==== Georgia ==== : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}2. Alfred H. Colquitt (D) : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}3. Joseph E. Brown (D)
==== Idaho ==== : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}2. George L. Shoup (R), from December 18, 1890 : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}3. William J. McConnell (R), from December 18, 1890
==== Illinois ==== : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}2. Shelby M. Cullom (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}3. Charles B. Farwell (R)
==== Indiana ==== : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}1. David Turpie (D) : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}3. Daniel W. Voorhees (D)
==== Iowa ==== : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}2. James F. Wilson (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}3. William B. Allison (R)
==== Kansas ==== : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}2. Preston B. Plumb (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}3. John J. Ingalls (R)
==== Kentucky ==== : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}2. James B. Beck (D), until May 3, 1890 :: {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}John G. Carlisle (D), from May 26, 1890 : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}3. Joseph C. S. Blackburn (D)
==== Louisiana ==== : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}2. Randall L. Gibson (D) : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}3. James B. Eustis (D)
==== Maine ==== : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}1. Eugene Hale (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}2. William P. Frye (R)
==== Maryland ==== : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}1. Arthur Pue Gorman (D) : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}3. Ephraim K. Wilson II (D), until February 24, 1891
==== Massachusetts ==== : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}1. Henry L. Dawes (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}2. George F. Hoar (R)
==== Michigan ==== : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}1. Francis B. Stockbridge (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}2. James McMillan (R)
==== Minnesota ==== : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}1. Cushman K. Davis (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}2. William D. Washburn (R)
==== Mississippi ==== : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}1. James Z. George (D) : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}2. Edward C. Walthall (D)
==== Missouri ==== : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}1. Francis Cockrell (D) : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}3. George G. Vest (D) {{col-break}}
==== Montana ==== : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}1. Wilbur F. Sanders (R), from January 1, 1890 : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}2. Thomas C. Power (R), from January 2, 1890
==== Nebraska ==== : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}1. Algernon S. Paddock (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}2. Charles F. Manderson (R)
==== Nevada ==== : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}1. William M. Stewart (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}3. John P. Jones (R)
==== New Hampshire ==== : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}2. Gilman Marston (R), until June 18, 1889 :: {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}William E. Chandler (R), from June 18, 1889 : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}3. Henry W. Blair (R)
==== New Jersey ==== : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}1. Rufus Blodgett (D) : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}2. John R. McPherson (D)
==== New York ==== : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}1. Frank Hiscock (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}3. William M. Evarts (R)
==== North Carolina ==== : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}2. Matt W. Ransom (D) : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}3. Zebulon B. Vance (D)
==== North Dakota ==== : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}1. Lyman R. Casey (R), from November 25, 1889 : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}3. Gilbert A. Pierce (R), from November 25, 1889
==== Ohio ==== : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}1. John Sherman (R) : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}3. Henry B. Payne (D)
==== Oregon ==== : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}2. Joseph N. Dolph (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}3. John H. Mitchell (R)
==== Pennsylvania ==== : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}1. Matthew S. Quay (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}3. J. Donald Cameron (R)
==== Rhode Island ==== : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}1. Nelson W. Aldrich (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}2. Jonathan Chace (R), until April 9, 1889 :: {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}Nathan F. Dixon III (R), from April 10, 1889
==== South Carolina ==== : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}2. Matthew C. Butler (D) : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}3. Wade Hampton III (D)
==== South Dakota ==== : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}2. Richard F. Pettigrew (R), from November 2, 1889 : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}3. Gideon C. Moody (R), from November 2, 1889
==== Tennessee ==== : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}1. William B. Bate (D) : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}2. Isham G. Harris (D)
==== Texas ==== : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}1. John H. Reagan (D) : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}2. Richard Coke (D)
==== Vermont ==== : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}1. George F. Edmunds (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}3. Justin S. Morrill (R)
==== Virginia ==== : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}1. John W. Daniel (D) : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}2. John S. Barbour Jr. (D)
==== Washington ==== : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}1. John B. Allen (R), from November 20, 1889 : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}3. Watson C. Squire (R), from November 20, 1889
==== West Virginia ==== : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}1. Charles J. Faulkner Jr. (D) : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}2. John E. Kenna (D)
==== Wisconsin ==== : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}1. Philetus Sawyer (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}3. John C. Spooner (R)
==== Wyoming ==== : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}1. Francis E. Warren (R), from November 24, 1890 : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}2. Joseph M. Carey (R), from November 15, 1890 {{col-break}} thumb|375px|Senators' party membership by state at the opening of the 51st Congress in March 1889. The senators from Idaho, Montana, North Dakota, South Dakota, Washington, and Wyoming were not seated until later in the Congress. {{legend|#0044aa|2 Democrats}} {{legend|#660080|1 Democrat and 1 Republican}} {{legend|#aa0000|2 Republicans}} {{legend|#777|Territories}} {{col-break}} [[File:JJIngalls.jpg|thumb|175px|President pro tempore John J. Ingalls]] [[File:Charles Frederick Manderson.jpg|thumb|175px|President pro tempore Charles F. Manderson]] {{col-end}}
===House of Representatives=== {{main|List of United States representatives in the 51st Congress}} The names of representatives are preceded by their district numbers. {{col-begin}} {{col-break}}
==== Alabama ==== : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{ushr|Alabama|1|1}}. Richard H. Clarke (D) : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{ushr|Alabama|2|2}}. Hilary A. Herbert (D) : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{ushr|Alabama|3|3}}. William C. Oates (D) : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{ushr|Alabama|4|4}}. Louis W. Turpin (D), until June 4, 1890 :: {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}John V. McDuffie (R), from June 4, 1890 : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{ushr|Alabama|5|5}}. James E. Cobb (D) : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{ushr|Alabama|6|6}}. John H. Bankhead (D) : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{ushr|Alabama|7|7}}. William H. Forney (D) : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{ushr|Alabama|8|8}}. Joseph Wheeler (D)
==== Arkansas ==== : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{ushr|Arkansas|1|1}}. William H. Cate (D), until March 5, 1890 :: {{Party stripe|American Labor Party}}Lewis P. Featherstone (L), from March 5, 1890 : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{ushr|Arkansas|2|2}}. Clifton R. Breckinridge (D), until September 5, 1890 :: {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}Clifton R. Breckinridge (D), from November 4, 1890 : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{ushr|Arkansas|3|3}}. Thomas C. McRae (D) : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{ushr|Arkansas|4|4}}. John H. Rogers (D) : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{ushr|Arkansas|5|5}}. Samuel W. Peel (D)
==== California ==== : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|California|1|1}}. John J. De Haven (R), until October 1, 1890 :: {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}Thomas J. Geary (D), from December 9, 1890 : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{ushr|California|2|2}}. Marion Biggs (D) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|California|3|3}}. Joseph McKenna (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|California|4|4}}. William W. Morrow (R) : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{ushr|California|5|5}}. Thomas J. Clunie (D) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|California|6|6}}. William Vandever (R)
==== Colorado ==== : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|Colorado|AL|At-large}}. Hosea Townsend (R)
==== Connecticut ==== : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|Connecticut|1|1}}. William E. Simonds (R) : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{ushr|Connecticut|2|2}}. Washington F. Willcox (D) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|Connecticut|3|3}}. Charles A. Russell (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|Connecticut|4|4}}. Frederick Miles (R)
==== Delaware ==== : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{ushr|Delaware|AL|At-large}}. John B. Penington (D)
==== Florida ==== : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{ushr|Florida|1|1}}. Robert H. M. Davidson (D) : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{ushr|Florida|2|2}}. Robert Bullock (D)
==== Georgia ==== : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{ushr|Georgia|1|1}}. Rufus E. Lester (D) : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{ushr|Georgia|2|2}}. Henry G. Turner (D) : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{ushr|Georgia|3|3}}. Charles F. Crisp (D) : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{ushr|Georgia|4|4}}. Thomas W. Grimes (D) : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{ushr|Georgia|5|5}}. John D. Stewart (D) : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{ushr|Georgia|6|6}}. James H. Blount (D) : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{ushr|Georgia|7|7}}. Judson C. Clements (D) : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{ushr|Georgia|8|8}}. Henry H. Carlton (D) : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{ushr|Georgia|9|9}}. Allen D. Candler (D) : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{ushr|Georgia|10|10}}. George T. Barnes (D)
==== Idaho ==== : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|Idaho|AL|At-large}}. Willis Sweet (R), from October 1, 1890
==== Illinois ==== : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|Illinois|1|1}}. Abner Taylor (R) : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{ushr|Illinois|2|2}}. Frank Lawler (D) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|Illinois|3|3}}. William E. Mason (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|Illinois|4|4}}. George E. Adams (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|Illinois|5|5}}. Albert J. Hopkins (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|Illinois|6|6}}. Robert R. Hitt (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|Illinois|7|7}}. Thomas J. Henderson (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|Illinois|8|8}}. Charles A. Hill (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|Illinois|9|9}}. Lewis E. Payson (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|Illinois|10|10}}. Philip S. Post (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|Illinois|11|11}}. William H. Gest (R) : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{ushr|Illinois|12|12}}. Scott Wike (D) : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{ushr|Illinois|13|13}}. William M. Springer (D) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|Illinois|14|14}}. Jonathan H. Rowell (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|Illinois|15|15}}. Joseph G. Cannon (R) : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{ushr|Illinois|16|16}}. George W. Fithian (D) : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{ushr|Illinois|17|17}}. Edward Lane (D) : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{ushr|Illinois|18|18}}. William S. Forman (D) : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{ushr|Illinois|19|19}}. Richard W. Townshend (D), until March 9, 1889 :: {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}James R. Williams (D), from December 2, 1889 : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|Illinois|20|20}}. George Washington Smith (R)
==== Indiana ==== : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{ushr|Indiana|1|1}}. William F. Parrett (D) : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{ushr|Indiana|2|2}}. John H. O'Neall (D) : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{ushr|Indiana|3|3}}. Jason B. Brown (D) : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{ushr|Indiana|4|4}}. William S. Holman (D) : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{ushr|Indiana|5|5}}. George W. Cooper (D) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|Indiana|6|6}}. Thomas M. Browne (R) : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{ushr|Indiana|7|7}}. William D. Bynum (D) : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{ushr|Indiana|8|8}}. Elijah V. Brookshire (D) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|Indiana|9|9}}. Joseph B. Cheadle (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|Indiana|10|10}}. William D. Owen (R) : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{ushr|Indiana|11|11}}. Augustus N. Martin (D) : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{ushr|Indiana|12|12}}. Charles A. O. McClellan (D) : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{ushr|Indiana|13|13}}. Benjamin F. Shively (D)
==== Iowa ==== : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|Iowa|1|1}}. John H. Gear (R) : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{ushr|Iowa|2|2}}. Walter I. Hayes (D) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|Iowa|3|3}}. David B. Henderson (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|Iowa|4|4}}. Joseph H. Sweney (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|Iowa|5|5}}. Daniel Kerr (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|Iowa|6|6}}. John F. Lacey (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|Iowa|7|7}}. Edwin H. Conger (R), until October 3, 1890 :: {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}Edward R. Hays (R), from November 4, 1890 : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|Iowa|8|8}}. James P. Flick (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|Iowa|9|9}}. Joseph R. Reed (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|Iowa|10|10}}. Jonathan P. Dolliver (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|Iowa|11|11}}. Isaac S. Struble (R)
==== Kansas ==== : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|Kansas|1|1}}. Edmund N. Morrill (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|Kansas|2|2}}. Edward H. Funston (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|Kansas|3|3}}. Bishop W. Perkins (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|Kansas|4|4}}. Thomas Ryan (R), until April 4, 1889 :: {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}Harrison Kelley (R), from December 2, 1889 : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|Kansas|5|5}}. John A. Anderson (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|Kansas|6|6}}. Erastus J. Turner (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|Kansas|7|7}}. Samuel R. Peters (R)
==== Kentucky ==== : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{ushr|Kentucky|1|1}}. William J. Stone (D) : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{ushr|Kentucky|2|2}}. William T. Ellis (D) : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{ushr|Kentucky|3|3}}. Isaac H. Goodnight (D) : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{ushr|Kentucky|4|4}}. Alexander B. Montgomery (D) : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{ushr|Kentucky|5|5}}. Asher G. Caruth (D) : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{ushr|Kentucky|6|6}}. John G. Carlisle (D), until May 26, 1890 :: {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}William W. Dickerson (D), from June 21, 1890 : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{ushr|Kentucky|7|7}}. William C. P. Breckinridge (D) : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{ushr|Kentucky|8|8}}. James B. McCreary (D) : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{ushr|Kentucky|9|9}}. Thomas H. Paynter (D) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|Kentucky|10|10}}. John H. Wilson (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|Kentucky|11|11}}. Hugh F. Finley (R)
==== Louisiana ==== : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{ushr|Louisiana|1|1}}. Theodore S. Wilkinson (D) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|Louisiana|2|2}}. Hamilton D. Coleman (R) : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{ushr|Louisiana|3|3}}. Edward J. Gay (D), until May 30, 1889 :: {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}Andrew Price (D), from December 2, 1889 : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{ushr|Louisiana|4|4}}. Newton C. Blanchard (D) : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{ushr|Louisiana|5|5}}. Charles J. Boatner (D) : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{ushr|Louisiana|6|6}}. Samuel M. Robertson (D)
==== Maine ==== : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|Maine|1|1}}. Thomas B. Reed (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|Maine|2|2}}. Nelson Dingley Jr. (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|Maine|3|3}}. Seth L. Milliken (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|Maine|4|4}}. Charles A. Boutelle (R)
==== Maryland ==== : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{ushr|Maryland|1|1}}. Charles H. Gibson (D) : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{ushr|Maryland|2|2}}. Herman Stump (D) : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{ushr|Maryland|3|3}}. Henry W. Rusk (D) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|Maryland|4|4}}. Henry J. Stockbridge Jr. (R) : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{ushr|Maryland|5|5}}. Barnes Compton (D), until March 20, 1890 :: {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}Sydney E. Mudd (R), from March 20, 1890 : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|Maryland|6|6}}. Louis E. McComas (R)
==== Massachusetts ==== : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|Massachusetts|1|1}}. Charles S. Randall (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|Massachusetts|2|2}}. Elijah A. Morse (R) : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{ushr|Massachusetts|3|3}}. John F. Andrew (D) : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{ushr|Massachusetts|4|4}}. Joseph H. O'Neil (D) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|Massachusetts|5|5}}. Nathaniel P. Banks (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|Massachusetts|6|6}}. Henry Cabot Lodge (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|Massachusetts|7|7}}. William Cogswell (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|Massachusetts|8|8}}. Frederic T. Greenhalge (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|Massachusetts|9|9}}. John W. Candler (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|Massachusetts|10|10}}. Joseph H. Walker (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|Massachusetts|11|11}}. Rodney Wallace (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|Massachusetts|12|12}}. Francis W. Rockwell (R)
==== Michigan ==== : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{ushr|Michigan|1|1}}. J. Logan Chipman (D) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|Michigan|2|2}}. Edward P. Allen (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|Michigan|3|3}}. James O'Donnell (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|Michigan|4|4}}. Julius C. Burrows (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|Michigan|5|5}}. Charles E. Belknap (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|Michigan|6|6}}. Mark S. Brewer (R) : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{ushr|Michigan|7|7}}. Justin R. Whiting (D) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|Michigan|8|8}}. Aaron T. Bliss (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|Michigan|9|9}}. Byron M. Cutcheon (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|Michigan|10|10}}. Frank W. Wheeler (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|Michigan|11|11}}. Samuel M. Stephenson (R)
==== Minnesota ==== : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|Minnesota|1|1}}. Mark H. Dunnell (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|Minnesota|2|2}}. John Lind (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|Minnesota|3|3}}. Darwin S. Hall (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|Minnesota|4|4}}. Samuel P. Snider (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|Minnesota|5|5}}. Solomon G. Comstock (R)
==== Mississippi ==== : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{ushr|Mississippi|1|1}}. John M. Allen (D) : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{ushr|Mississippi|2|2}}. James B. Morgan (D) : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{ushr|Mississippi|3|3}}. Thomas C. Catchings (D) : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{ushr|Mississippi|4|4}}. Clarke Lewis (D) : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{ushr|Mississippi|5|5}}. Chapman L. Anderson (D) : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{ushr|Mississippi|6|6}}. Thomas R. Stockdale (D) : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{ushr|Mississippi|7|7}}. Charles E. Hooker (D)
==== Missouri ==== : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{ushr|Missouri|1|1}}. William H. Hatch (D) : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{ushr|Missouri|2|2}}. Charles H. Mansur (D) : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{ushr|Missouri|3|3}}. Alexander M. Dockery (D) : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{ushr|Missouri|4|4}}. Robert P. C. Wilson (D), from December 2, 1889 : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{ushr|Missouri|5|5}}. John C. Tarsney (D) : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{ushr|Missouri|6|6}}. John T. Heard (D) : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{ushr|Missouri|7|7}}. Richard H. Norton (D) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|Missouri|8|8}}. Frederick G. Niedringhaus (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|Missouri|9|9}}. Nathan Frank (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|Missouri|10|10}}. William M. Kinsey (R) : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{ushr|Missouri|11|11}}. Richard P. Bland (D) : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{ushr|Missouri|12|12}}. William J. Stone (D) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|Missouri|13|13}}. William H. Wade (R) : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{ushr|Missouri|14|14}}. James P. Walker (D), until July 19, 1890 :: {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}Robert H. Whitelaw (D), from November 4, 1890
==== Montana ==== : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|Montana|AL|At-large}}. Thomas H. Carter (R), from November 8, 1889
==== Nebraska ==== : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|Nebraska|1|1}}. William J. Connell (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|Nebraska|2|2}}. James Laird (R), until August 17, 1889 :: {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}Gilbert L. Laws (R), from December 2, 1889 : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|Nebraska|3|3}}. George W. E. Dorsey (R) {{col-break}}
==== Nevada ==== : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|Nevada|AL|At-large}}. Horace F. Bartine (R)
==== New Hampshire ==== : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|New Hampshire|1|1}}. Alonzo Nute (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|New Hampshire|2|2}}. Orren C. Moore (R)
==== New Jersey ==== : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|New Jersey|1|1}}. Christopher A. Bergen (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|New Jersey|2|2}}. James Buchanan (R) : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{ushr|New Jersey|3|3}}. Jacob A. Geissenhainer (D) : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{ushr|New Jersey|4|4}}. Samuel Fowler (D) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|New Jersey|5|5}}. Charles D. Beckwith (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|New Jersey|6|6}}. Herman Lehlbach (R) : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{ushr|New Jersey|7|7}}. William McAdoo (D)
==== New York ==== : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{ushr|New York|1|1}}. James W. Covert (D) : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{ushr|New York|2|2}}. Felix Campbell (D) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|New York|3|3}}. William C. Wallace (R) : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{ushr|New York|4|4}}. John M. Clancy (D) : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{ushr|New York|5|5}}. Thomas F. Magner (D) : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{ushr|New York|6|6}}. Frank T. Fitzgerald (D), until November 4, 1889 :: {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}Charles H. Turner (D), from December 9, 1889 : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{ushr|New York|7|7}}. Edward J. Dunphy (D) : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{ushr|New York|8|8}}. John H. McCarthy (D), until January 14, 1891, vacant thereafter : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{ushr|New York|9|9}}. Samuel S. Cox (D), until September 10, 1889 :: {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}Amos J. Cummings (D), from November 5, 1889 : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{ushr|New York|10|10}}. Francis B. Spinola (D) : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{ushr|New York|11|11}}. John Quinn (D) : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{ushr|New York|12|12}}. Roswell P. Flower (D) : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{ushr|New York|13|13}}. Ashbel P. Fitch (D) : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{ushr|New York|14|14}}. William G. Stahlnecker (D) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|New York|15|15}}. Moses D. Stivers (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|New York|16|16}}. John H. Ketcham (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|New York|17|17}}. Charles J. Knapp (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|New York|18|18}}. John A. Quackenbush (R) : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{ushr|New York|19|19}}. Charles Tracey (D) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|New York|20|20}}. John Sanford (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|New York|21|21}}. John H. Moffitt (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|New York|22|22}}. Frederick Lansing (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|New York|23|23}}. James S. Sherman (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|New York|24|24}}. David Wilber (R), until April 1, 1890 :: {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}John S. Pindar (D), from November 4, 1890 : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|New York|25|25}}. James J. Belden (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|New York|26|26}}. Milton De Lano (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|New York|27|27}}. Newton W. Nutting (R), until October 15, 1889 :: {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}Sereno E. Payne (R), from December 2, 1889 : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|New York|28|28}}. Thomas S. Flood (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|New York|29|29}}. John Raines (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|New York|30|30}}. Charles S. Baker (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|New York|31|31}}. John G. Sawyer (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|New York|32|32}}. John M. Farquhar (R) : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{ushr|New York|33|33}}. John McClure Wiley (D) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|New York|34|34}}. William G. Laidlaw (R)
==== North Carolina ==== : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{ushr|North Carolina|1|1}}. Thomas G. Skinner (D) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|North Carolina|2|2}}. Henry P. Cheatham (R) : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{ushr|North Carolina|3|3}}. Charles W. McClammy (D) : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{ushr|North Carolina|4|4}}. Benjamin H. Bunn (D) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|North Carolina|5|5}}. John M. Brower (R) : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{ushr|North Carolina|6|6}}. Alfred Rowland (D) : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{ushr|North Carolina|7|7}}. John S. Henderson (D) : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{ushr|North Carolina|8|8}}. William H. H. Cowles (D) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|North Carolina|9|9}}. Hamilton G. Ewart (R)
==== North Dakota ==== : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|North Dakota|AL|At-large}}. Henry C. Hansbrough (R), from November 2, 1889
==== Ohio ==== : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|Ohio|1|1}}. Benjamin Butterworth (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|Ohio|2|2}}. John A. Caldwell (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|Ohio|3|3}}. Elihu S. Williams (R) : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{ushr|Ohio|4|4}}. Samuel S. Yoder (D) : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{ushr|Ohio|5|5}}. George E. Seney (D) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|Ohio|6|6}}. Melvin M. Boothman (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|Ohio|7|7}}. Henry L. Morey (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|Ohio|8|8}}. Robert P. Kennedy (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|Ohio|9|9}}. William C. Cooper (R) : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{ushr|Ohio|10|10}}. William E. Haynes (D) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|Ohio|11|11}}. Albert C. Thompson (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|Ohio|12|12}}. Jacob J. Pugsley (R) : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{ushr|Ohio|13|13}}. Joseph H. Outhwaite (D) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|Ohio|14|14}}. Charles P. Wickham (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|Ohio|15|15}}. Charles H. Grosvenor (R) : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{ushr|Ohio|16|16}}. James W. Owens (D) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|Ohio|17|17}}. Joseph D. Taylor (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|Ohio|18|18}}. William McKinley (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|Ohio|19|19}}. Ezra B. Taylor (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|Ohio|20|20}}. Martin L. Smyser (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|Ohio|21|21}}. Theodore E. Burton (R)
==== Oregon ==== : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|Oregon|AL|At-large}}. Binger Hermann (R)
==== Pennsylvania ==== : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|Pennsylvania|1|1}}. Henry H. Bingham (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|Pennsylvania|2|2}}. Charles O'Neill (R) : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{ushr|Pennsylvania|3|3}}. Samuel J. Randall (D), until April 13, 1890 :: {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}Richard Vaux (D), from May 20, 1890 : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|Pennsylvania|4|4}}. William D. Kelley (R), until January 9, 1890 :: {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}John E. Reyburn (R), from February 18, 1890 : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|Pennsylvania|5|5}}. Alfred C. Harmer (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|Pennsylvania|6|6}}. Smedley Darlington (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|Pennsylvania|7|7}}. Robert M. Yardley (R) : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{ushr|Pennsylvania|8|8}}. William Mutchler (D) : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{ushr|Pennsylvania|9|9}}. David B. Brunner (D) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|Pennsylvania|10|10}}. Marriott Brosius (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|Pennsylvania|11|11}}. Joseph A. Scranton (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|Pennsylvania|12|12}}. Edwin S. Osborne (R) : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{ushr|Pennsylvania|13|13}}. James B. Reilly (D) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|Pennsylvania|14|14}}. John W. Rife (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|Pennsylvania|15|15}}. Myron B. Wright (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|Pennsylvania|16|16}}. Henry C. McCormick (R) : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{ushr|Pennsylvania|17|17}}. Charles R. Buckalew (D) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|Pennsylvania|18|18}}. Louis E. Atkinson (R) : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{ushr|Pennsylvania|19|19}}. Levi Maish (D) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|Pennsylvania|20|20}}. Edward Scull (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|Pennsylvania|21|21}}. Samuel A. Craig (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|Pennsylvania|22|22}}. John Dalzell (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|Pennsylvania|23|23}}. Thomas M. Bayne (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|Pennsylvania|24|24}}. Joseph W. Ray (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|Pennsylvania|25|25}}. Charles C. Townsend (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|Pennsylvania|26|26}}. William C. Culbertson (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|Pennsylvania|27|27}}. Lewis F. Watson (R), until August 25, 1890 :: {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}Charles W. Stone (R), from November 4, 1890 : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{ushr|Pennsylvania|28|28}}. James Kerr (D)
==== Rhode Island ==== : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|Rhode Island|1|1}}. Henry J. Spooner (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|Rhode Island|2|2}}. Warren O. Arnold (R)
==== South Carolina ==== : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{ushr|South Carolina|1|1}}. Samuel Dibble (D) : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{ushr|South Carolina|2|2}}. George D. Tillman (D) : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{ushr|South Carolina|3|3}}. James S. Cothran (D) : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{ushr|South Carolina|4|4}}. William H. Perry (D) : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{ushr|South Carolina|5|5}}. John J. Hemphill (D) : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{ushr|South Carolina|6|6}}. George W. Dargan (D) : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{ushr|South Carolina|7|7}}. William Elliott (D), until September 23, 1890 :: {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}Thomas E. Miller (R), from September 24, 1890
==== South Dakota ==== Both representatives were elected statewide on a general ticket.<br>(2 Republicans) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|South Dakota|AL|At-large}}. Oscar S. Gifford (R), from November 2, 1889 : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|South Dakota|AL|At-large}}. John A. Pickler (R), from November 2, 1889
==== Tennessee ==== : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|Tennessee|1|1}}. Alfred A. Taylor (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|Tennessee|2|2}}. Leonidas C. Houk (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|Tennessee|3|3}}. Henry Clay Evans (R) : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{ushr|Tennessee|4|4}}. Benton McMillin (D) : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{ushr|Tennessee|5|5}}. James D. Richardson (D) : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{ushr|Tennessee|6|6}}. Joseph E. Washington (D) : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{ushr|Tennessee|7|7}}. Washington C. Whitthorne (D) : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{ushr|Tennessee|8|8}}. Benjamin A. Enloe (D) : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{ushr|Tennessee|9|9}}. Rice A. Pierce (D) : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{ushr|Tennessee|10|10}}. James Phelan Jr. (D), until January 30, 1891, vacant thereafter
==== Texas ==== : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{ushr|Texas|1|1}}. Charles Stewart (D) : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{ushr|Texas|2|2}}. William H. Martin (D) : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{ushr|Texas|3|3}}. Constantine B. Kilgore (D) : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{ushr|Texas|4|4}}. David B. Culberson (D) : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{ushr|Texas|5|5}}. Silas Hare (D) : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{ushr|Texas|6|6}}. Joseph Abbott (D) : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{ushr|Texas|7|7}}. William H. Crain (D) : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{ushr|Texas|8|8}}. Littleton W. Moore (D) : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{ushr|Texas|9|9}}. Roger Q. Mills (D) : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{ushr|Texas|10|10}}. Joseph D. Sayers (D) : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{ushr|Texas|11|11}}. Samuel W. T. Lanham (D)
==== Vermont ==== : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|Vermont|1|1}}. John W. Stewart (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|Vermont|2|2}}. William W. Grout (R)
==== Virginia ==== : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|Virginia|1|1}}. Thomas H. B. Browne (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|Virginia|2|2}}. George E. Bowden (R) : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{ushr|Virginia|3|3}}. George D. Wise (D), until April 10, 1890 :: {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}Edmund Waddill Jr. (R), from April 12, 1890 : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{ushr|Virginia|4|4}}. Edward C. Venable (D), until September 23, 1890 :: {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}John M. Langston (R), from September 23, 1890 : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{ushr|Virginia|5|5}}. Posey G. Lester (D) : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{ushr|Virginia|6|6}}. Paul C. Edmunds (D) : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{ushr|Virginia|7|7}}. Charles T. O'Ferrall (D) : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{ushr|Virginia|8|8}}. William H. F. Lee (D) : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{ushr|Virginia|9|9}}. John A. Buchanan (D) : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{ushr|Virginia|10|10}}. Henry St. George Tucker III (D)
==== Washington ==== : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|Washington|AL|At-large}}. John L. Wilson (R), from November 20, 1889
==== West Virginia ==== : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{ushr|West Virginia|1|1}}. John O. Pendleton (D), until February 26, 1890 :: {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}George W. Atkinson (R), from February 26, 1890 : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{ushr|West Virginia|2|2}}. William L. Wilson (D) : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{ushr|West Virginia|3|3}}. John D. Alderson (D) : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{ushr|West Virginia|4|4}}. James M. Jackson (D), until February 3, 1890 :: {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}Charles B. Smith (R), from February 3, 1890
==== Wisconsin ==== : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|Wisconsin|1|1}}. Lucien B. Caswell (R) : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{ushr|Wisconsin|2|2}}. Charles Barwig (D) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|Wisconsin|3|3}}. Robert M. La Follette Sr. (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|Wisconsin|4|4}}. Isaac W. Van Schaick (R) : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{ushr|Wisconsin|5|5}}. George H. Brickner (D) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|Wisconsin|6|6}}. Charles B. Clark (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|Wisconsin|7|7}}. Ormsby B. Thomas (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|Wisconsin|8|8}}. Nils P. Haugen (R) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|Wisconsin|9|9}}. Myron H. McCord (R)
==== Wyoming ==== : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|Wyoming|AL|At-large}}. Clarence D. Clark (R), from December 1, 1890
==== Non-voting members ==== : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{ushr|Arizona Territory|AL|Arizona Territory}}. Marcus A. Smith (D) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|Dakota Territory|AL|Dakota Territory}}. George A. Mathews (R), until November 2, 1889 : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|Idaho Territory|AL|Idaho Territory}}. Fred Dubois (R), until July 3, 1890 : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|Montana Territory|AL|Montana Territory}}. Thomas H. Carter (R), until November 7, 1889 : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{ushr|New Mexico Territory|AL|New Mexico Territory}}. Antonio Joseph (D) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|Oklahoma Territory|AL|Oklahoma Territory}}. David A. Harvey (R), from November 4, 1890 : {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{ushr|Utah Territory|AL|Utah Territory}}. John T. Caine (D) : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|Washington Territory|AL|Washington Territory}}. John B. Allen (R), until November 11, 1889 : {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{ushr|Wyoming Territory|AL|Wyoming Territory}}. Joseph M. Carey (R), until July 10, 1890 {{col-break}} thumb|400px| {| align=center ! colspan=2 | House seats by party holding plurality in state |- |{{legend|#00f|80+ to 100% Democratic}} |{{legend|#f00|80+ to 100% Republican}} |- |{{legend|#09f|60+ to 80% Democratic}} |{{legend|#f66|60+ to 80% Republican}} |- |{{legend|#0ff|Up to 60% Democratic}} |{{legend|#f99|Up to 60% Republican}} |} [[File:Thomas Brackett Reed - Brady-Handy.jpg|thumb|175px|Speaker of the House Thomas B. Reed]] {{col-end}}
==Changes in membership== The count below reflects changes from the beginning of the first session of this Congress.
=== Senate === * Replacements: 3 ** Democratic: no net change ** Republican: no net change ** Liberal Republican: 1-seat net loss * Deaths: 3 * Resignations: 2 * Interim appointments: 1 * Seats of newly admitted states: 12 *'''Total seats with changes: 17'''
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|- valign=bottom ! State<br/>(class) ! Vacated by ! Reason for vacancy ! Subsequent ! Date of successor's installation
|- | Rhode Island<br/>(2) | {{Party shading/Republican}} | Jonathan Chace (R) | style="font-size:80%" | Resigned April 9, 1889.<br/>Successor was elected. | {{Party shading/Republican}} | Nathan F. Dixon III (R) | April 10, 1889
|- | New Hampshire<br/>(2) | {{Party shading/Republican}} | Gilman Marston (R) | style="font-size:80%" | Successor was elected June 18, 1889. | {{Party shading/Republican}} | William E. Chandler (R) | June 18, 1889
|- | South Dakota<br/>(2) | rowspan=2 | New seats | rowspan=2 style="font-size:80%" | South Dakota achieved statehood November 2, 1889.<br/>First senators were elected October 16, 1889.<ref>Journal of the House of Representatives..., p. 21</ref> | nowrap {{party shading/Republican}} | Richard F. Pettigrew (R) | rowspan=2 | November 2, 1889
|- | South Dakota<br/>(3) | nowrap {{party shading/Republican}} | Gideon C. Moody (R)
|- | Montana<br/>(1) | rowspan=2 | New seats | style="font-size:80%" | Montana achieved statehood November 8, 1889.<br/>First Senator was elected January 1, 1890.<ref name=MTElection>{{cite web | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uS5HAQAAIAAJ | title=Congressional Series of United States Public Documents | volume=3064 | date=1893 | publisher=Government Printing Office | page=64}}</ref><br/>His election was challenged based on the legitimacy of the nascent state legislature.<br/>The Senate resolved the dispute in his favor April 16, 1890 and he was seated that day.<ref name=MTDispute>{{cite web | title= Compilation of Senate Election Cases from 1789 to 1913 | first1=George S. | last1= Taft | author-link1=George S. Taft | first2=George P. | last2=Furber | first3=George M. | last3=Buck | first4=Charles A. | last4=Webb | first5=Herbert R. | last5=Pierce | department = U.S. Senate Committee on Privileges and Elections | year=1913 | publisher=U.S. Government Printing Office | location =Washington, DC | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XrItAAAAYAAJ }}, p. 727</ref> | nowrap {{party shading/Republican}} | Wilbur F. Sanders (R) | April 16, 1890
|- | Montana<br/>(2) | style="font-size:80%" | Montana achieved statehood November 8, 1889.<br/>First Senator was elected January 2, 1890.<ref name=MTElection/><br/>His election was challenged based on the legitimacy of the nascent state legislature.<br/>The Senate resolved the dispute in his favor April 16, 1890 and he was seated that day.<ref name=MTDispute/> | nowrap {{party shading/Republican}} | Thomas C. Power (R) | April 16, 1890
|- | Washington<br/>(1) | rowspan=2 | New seats | rowspan=2 style="font-size:80%" | Washington achieved statehood November 11, 1889.<!--<br/>New Senator was elected MMMM.--> | nowrap {{party shading/Republican}} | John B. Allen (R) | rowspan=2 | November 20, 1889
|- | Washington<br/>(3) | nowrap {{party shading/Republican}} | Watson C. Squire (R)
|- | Kentucky<br/>(2) | {{Party shading/Democratic}} | James B. Beck (D) | style="font-size:80%" | Died May 3, 1890.<br/>Successor was elected. | {{Party shading/Democratic}} | John G. Carlisle (D) | May 26, 1890
|- | North Dakota<br/>(3) | rowspan=2 | New seats | rowspan=2 style="font-size:80%" | North Dakota achieved statehood November 2, 1889.<br/>First senators were elected November 25, 1889. | nowrap {{party shading/Republican}} | Gilbert A. Pierce (R) | November 21, 1889
|- | North Dakota<br/>(1) | nowrap {{party shading/Republican}} | Lyman R. Casey (R) | November 25, 1889
|- | Idaho<br/>(2) | rowspan=2 | New seats | rowspan=2 style="font-size:80%" | Idaho achieved statehood July 3, 1890.<!--<br/>New Senator was elected MMMM.--> | nowrap {{party shading/Republican}} | George L. Shoup (R) | rowspan=2 | December 18, 1890
|- | Idaho<br/>(3) | nowrap {{party shading/Republican}} | William J. McConnell (R)
|- | Wyoming<br/>(2) | rowspan=2 | New seats | style="font-size:80%" | Wyoming achieved statehood July 10, 1890.<br/>New Senator was elected November 15, 1890. | nowrap {{party shading/Republican}} | Joseph M. Carey (R) | November 15, 1890
|- | Wyoming<br/>(1) | style="font-size:80%" | Wyoming achieved statehood July 10, 1890.<br/>New Senator was elected November 18, 1890. | nowrap {{party shading/Republican}} | Francis E. Warren (R) | November 24, 1890
|- | Maryland<br/>(3) | {{party shading/Democratic}} nowrap | Ephraim K. Wilson (D) | style="font-size:80%" | Died February 24, 1891, having already been re-elected to the next term. | colspan=2 | Vacant until next Congress
|- | California<br/>(1) | {{party shading/Democratic}} nowrap | George Hearst (D) | style="font-size:80%" | Died February 28, 1891. | colspan=2 | Vacant until next Congress |}
=== House of Representatives === * Replacements: 16 ** Democratic: 2-seat net gain ** Republican: 2-seat net loss * Deaths: 11 * Resignations: 6 * Contested election:8 * Seats of newly admitted states: 7 *'''Total seats with changes: 33'''
{| class="wikitable sortable" |- style="vertical-align:bottom;" ! District ! Vacated by ! Reason for change ! Successor ! Date successor seated |- | {{ushr|Missouri|4|Missouri 4th}} | Vacant | style="font-size:80%" | Elected to finish Rep. James N. Burnes who was re-elected to this Congress, but died during previous one. In addition, Rep. Charles F. Booher was elected to finish Burnes's term in previous Congress but chose not to run for re-election for this Congress. | {{party shading/Democratic}} nowrap | Robert P. C. Wilson (D) | December 2, 1889 |- | {{ushr|Illinois|19|Illinois 19th}} | {{party shading/Democratic}} nowrap | Richard W. Townshend (D) | style="font-size:80%" | Died March 9, 1889 | {{party shading/Democratic}} nowrap | James R. Williams (D) | December 2, 1889 |- | {{ushr|Kansas|4|Kansas 4th}} | {{party shading/Republican}} nowrap | Thomas Ryan (R) | style="font-size:80%" | Resigned April 4, 1889 after being appointed U.S. Minister to Mexico | {{party shading/Republican}} nowrap | Harrison Kelley (R) | December 2, 1889 |- | {{ushr|Louisiana|3|Louisiana 3rd}} | {{party shading/Democratic}} nowrap | Edward J. Gay (D) | style="font-size:80%" | Died May 30, 1889 | {{party shading/Democratic}} nowrap | Andrew Price (D) | December 2, 1889 |- | {{ushr|Nebraska|2|Nebraska 2nd}} | {{party shading/Republican}} nowrap | James Laird (R) | style="font-size:80%" | Died August 17, 1889 | {{party shading/Republican}} nowrap | Gilbert L. Laws (R) | December 2, 1889 |- | {{ushr|New York|9|New York 9th}} | {{party shading/Democratic}} nowrap | Samuel S. Cox (D) | style="font-size:80%" | Died September 10, 1889 | {{party shading/Democratic}} nowrap | Amos J. Cummings (D) | November 5, 1889 |- | {{ushr|New York|27|New York 27th}} | {{party shading/Republican}} nowrap | Newton W. Nutting (R) | style="font-size:80%" | Died October 15, 1889 | {{party shading/Republican}} nowrap | Sereno E. Payne (R) | December 2, 1889 |- | {{ushr|Dakota Territory|AL|Dakota Territory At-large}} | {{party shading/Republican}} | George A. Mathews (R) | style="font-size:80%" | Territory achieved statehood. Remained in seat until November 2, 1889 | colspan=2 | Territory achieved statehood |- | {{ushr|North Dakota|AL|North Dakota At-large}} | {{party shading/Republican}} | Henry C. Hansbrough (R) | style="font-size:80%" | Territory achieved statehood. Took seat November 2, 1889 | colspan=2 | New seat |- | rowspan=2 | {{ushr|South Dakota|AL|South Dakota At-large}} | {{party shading/Republican}} | Oscar S. Gifford (R) | rowspan=2 style="font-size:80%" | Territory achieved statehood. Took seats November 2, 1889 | rowspan=2 colspan=2 | New seats |- | {{party shading/Republican}} | John Pickler (R) |- | {{ushr|Montana Territory|AL|Montana Territory At-large}} | {{party shading/Republican}} | Thomas H. Carter (R) | style="font-size:80%" | Territory achieved statehood. Remained in seat until November 7, 1889 | colspan=2 | Territory achieved statehood |- | {{ushr|New York|6|New York 6th}} | {{party shading/Democratic}} nowrap | Frank T. Fitzgerald (D) | style="font-size:80%" | Resigned November 4, 1889 after being elected Register of New York County | {{party shading/Democratic}} nowrap | Charles H. Turner (D) | December 9, 1889 |- | {{ushr|Washington Territory|AL|Washington Territory At-large}} | {{party shading/Republican}} | John B. Allen (R) | style="font-size:80%" | Territory achieved statehood. Remained in seat until November 11, 1889 | colspan=2 | Territory achieved statehood |- | {{ushr|Pennsylvania|4|Pennsylvania 4th}} | {{party shading/Republican}} nowrap | William D. Kelley (R) | style="font-size:80%" | Died January 9, 1890 | {{party shading/Republican}} nowrap | John E. Reyburn (R) | February 18, 1890 |- | {{ushr|West Virginia|4|West Virginia 4th}} | {{party shading/Democratic}} nowrap | James M. Jackson (D) | style="font-size:80%" | Election was successfully challenged on February 3, 1890 | {{party shading/Republican}} nowrap | Charles B. Smith (R) | February 3, 1890 |- | {{ushr|West Virginia|1|West Virginia 1st}} | {{party shading/Democratic}} nowrap | John O. Pendleton (D) | style="font-size:80%" | Election was successfully challenged on February 26, 1890 | {{party shading/Republican}} nowrap | George W. Atkinson (R) | February 26, 1890 |- | {{ushr|Arkansas|1|Arkansas 1st}} | {{party shading/Democratic}} nowrap | William H. Cate (D) | style="font-size:80%" | Election was successfully challenged on March 5, 1890 | {{Party shading/Labor}} nowrap | Lewis P. Featherstone (L) | March 5, 1890 |- | {{ushr|Maryland|5|Maryland 5th}} | {{party shading/Democratic}} nowrap | Barnes Compton (D) | style="font-size:80%" | Election was successfully challenged on March 20, 1890 | {{party shading/Republican}} nowrap | Sydney E. Mudd (R) | March 20, 1890 |- | {{ushr|New York|24|New York 24th}} | {{party shading/Republican}} nowrap | David Wilber (R) | style="font-size:80%" | Died April 1, 1890 | {{party shading/Democratic}} nowrap | John S. Pindar (D) | November 4, 1890 |- | {{ushr|Virginia|3|Virginia 3rd}} | {{party shading/Democratic}} nowrap | George D. Wise (D) | style="font-size:80%" | Election was successfully challenged on April 10, 1890 | {{party shading/Republican}} nowrap | Edmund Waddill Jr. (R) | April 12, 1890 |- | {{ushr|Pennsylvania|3|Pennsylvania 3rd}} | {{party shading/Democratic}} nowrap | Samuel J. Randall (D) | style="font-size:80%" | Died April 13, 1890 | {{party shading/Democratic}} nowrap | Richard Vaux (D) | May 20, 1890 |- | {{ushr|Kentucky|6|Kentucky 6th}} | {{party shading/Democratic}} nowrap | John G. Carlisle (D) | style="font-size:80%" | Resigned May 26, 1890, after being elected to the U.S. Senate | {{party shading/Democratic}} nowrap | William W. Dickerson (D) | June 21, 1890 |- | {{ushr|Alabama|4|Alabama 4th}} | {{party shading/Democratic}} nowrap | Louis W. Turpin (D) | style="font-size:80%" | Election was successfully challenged on June 4, 1890 | {{party shading/Republican}} nowrap | John V. McDuffie (R) | June 4, 1890 |- | {{ushr|Idaho Territory|AL|Idaho Territory At-large}} | {{party shading/Republican}} | Fred Dubois (R) | style="font-size:80%" | Territory achieved statehood. Remained in seat until July 3, 1890 | colspan=2 | Territory achieved statehood |- | {{ushr|Wyoming Territory|AL|Wyoming Territory At-large}} | {{party shading/Republican}} | Joseph M. Carey (R) | style="font-size:80%" | Territory achieved statehood. Remained in seat until July 10, 1889 | colspan=2 | Territory achieved statehood |- | {{ushr|Montana|AL|Montana At-large}} | {{party shading/Republican}} | Thomas H. Carter (R) | style="font-size:80%" | Territory achieved statehood. Took seat November 8, 1889 | colspan=2 | New seat |- | {{ushr|Washington|AL|Washington At-large}} | {{party shading/Republican}} | John L. Wilson (R) | style="font-size:80%" | Territory achieved statehood. Took seat November 20, 1889 | colspan=2 | New seat |- | {{ushr|Missouri|14|Missouri 14th}} | {{party shading/Democratic}} nowrap | James P. Walker (D) | style="font-size:80%" | Died July 19, 1890 | {{party shading/Democratic}} nowrap | Robert H. Whitelaw (D) | November 4, 1890 |- | {{ushr|Pennsylvania|27|Pennsylvania 27th}} | {{party shading/Republican}} nowrap | Lewis F. Watson (R) | style="font-size:80%" | Died August 25, 1890 | {{party shading/Republican}} nowrap | Charles W. Stone (R) | November 4, 1890 |- | {{ushr|Arkansas|2|Arkansas 2nd}} | {{party shading/Democratic}} nowrap | Clifton R. Breckinridge (D) | style="font-size:80%" | Election was successfully challenged on September 5, 1890, however Rep-elect John M. Clayton died during election challenge, so seat was declared vacant. Breckinridge was elected to open seat. | {{party shading/Democratic}} nowrap | Clifton R. Breckinridge (D) | November 4, 1890 |- | {{ushr|South Carolina|7|South Carolina 7th}} | {{party shading/Democratic}} nowrap | William Elliott (D) | style="font-size:80%" | Election was successfully challenged on September 23, 1890 | {{party shading/Republican}} nowrap | Thomas E. Miller (R) | September 24, 1890 |- | {{ushr|Virginia|4|Virginia 4th}} | {{party shading/Democratic}} nowrap | Edward C. Venable (D) | style="font-size:80%" | Election was successfully challenged on September 23, 1890 | {{party shading/Republican}} nowrap | John M. Langston (R) | September 23, 1890 |- | {{ushr|California|1|California 1st}} | {{party shading/Republican}} nowrap | John J. De Haven (R) | style="font-size:80%" | Resigned October 1, 1890 | {{party shading/Democratic}} nowrap | Thomas J. Geary (D) | December 9, 1890 |- | {{ushr|Idaho|AL|Idaho At-large}} | {{party shading/Republican}} | Willis Sweet (R) | style="font-size:80%" | Territory achieved statehood. Took seat October 1, 1890 | colspan=2 | New seat |- | {{ushr|Iowa|7|Iowa 7th}} | {{party shading/Republican}} nowrap | Edwin H. Conger (R) | style="font-size:80%" | Resigned October 3, 1890, after being appointed U.S. Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to Brazil | {{party shading/Republican}} nowrap | Edward R. Hays (R) | November 4, 1890 |- | {{ushr|Oklahoma Territory|AL|Oklahoma Territory At-large}} | {{party shading/Republican}} | David A. Harvey (R) | style="font-size:80%" | Territory organized from Indian Territory. Took seat November 4, 1890 | colspan=2 | New seat |- | {{ushr|Wyoming|AL|Wyoming At-large}} | {{party shading/Republican}} | Clarence D. Clark (R) | style="font-size:80%" | Territory achieved statehood. Took seat December 1, 1890 | colspan=2 | New seat |- | {{ushr|New York|8|New York 8th}} | {{party shading/Democratic}} | John H. McCarthy (D) | style="font-size:80%" | Resigned January 14, 1891, after being appointed justice of the City Court of New York | colspan=2 | Vacant until next Congress |- | {{ushr|Tennessee|10|Tennessee 10th}} | {{party shading/Democratic}} | James Phelan Jr. (D) | style="font-size:80%" | Died January 30, 1891 | colspan=2 | Vacant until next Congress |}
==Committees== {{List of Congressional Committees instructions}}
===Senate===
* Additional Accommodations for the Library of Congress (Select) (Chairman: Daniel W. Voorhees; Ranking Member: William M. Evarts) * Agriculture and Forestry (Chairman: Algernon S. Paddock; Ranking Member: James Z. George) * Appropriations (Chairman: William B. Allison; Ranking Member: Francis M. Cockrell) * Audit and Control the Contingent Expenses of the Senate (Chairman: John P. Jones; Ranking Member: Zebulon B. Vance) * Canadian Relations (Select) (Chairman: George F. Hoar; Ranking Member: James L. Pugh) * Census (Chairman: Eugene Hale; Ranking Member: James H. Berry) * Civil Service and Retrenchment (Chairman: Edward O. Wolcott; Ranking Member: Edward C. Walthall) * Claims (Chairman: John C. Spooner; Ranking Member: James K. Jones) * Coast Defenses (Chairman: Joseph N. Dolph; Ranking Member: John R. McPherson) * Commerce (Chairman: William P. Frye; Ranking Member: Matt W. Ransom) * Distributing Public Revenue Among the States (Select) * District of Columbia (Chairman: John J. Ingalls; Ranking Member: Isham G. Harris) * Education and Labor (Chairman: Henry W. Blair; Ranking Member: James Z. George) * Engrossed Bills (Chairman: Francis M. Cockrell; Ranking Member: Shelby M. Cullom) * Enrolled Bills (Chairman: Charles B. Farwell; Ranking Member: Wilbur F. Sanders) * Epidemic Diseases (Chairman: Isham G. Harris; Ranking Member: Eugene Hale) * Establish a University in the United States (Select) (Chairman: George F. Edmunds; Ranking Member: Isham G. Harris) * Examine the Several Branches in the Civil Service (Chairman: Anthony Higgins; Ranking Member: George Gray) * Executive Departments Methods (Select) * Finance (Chairman: Justin S. Morrill; Ranking Member: Daniel W. Voorhees) * Fisheries (Chairman: Francis B. Stockbridge; Ranking Member: Wade Hampton III) * Five Civilized Tribes of Indians (Select) (Chairman: Matthew C. Butler; Ranking Member: J. Donald Cameron) * Foreign Relations (Chairman: John Sherman; Ranking Member: John T. Morgan) * Immigration (Chairman: William E. Chandler; Ranking Member: John R. McPherson) * Indian Affairs (Chairman: Henry L. Dawes; Ranking Member: John T. Morgan) * Interstate Commerce (Chairman: Shelby M. Cullom; Ranking Member: Isham G. Harris) * Irrigation and Reclamation of Arid Lands (Select) (Chairman: William M. Stewart; Ranking Member: Edward C. Walthall) * Judiciary (Chairman: George F. Edmunds; Ranking Member: James L. Pugh) * Library (Chairman: William M. Evarts; Ranking Member: Daniel W. Voorhees) * Manufactures (Chairman: James McMillan; Ranking Member: Alfred H. Colquitt) * Military Affairs (Chairman: Joseph R. Hawley; Ranking Member: Francis M. Cockrell) * Mines and Mining (Chairman: William M. Stewart; Ranking Member: William B. Bate) * Mississippi River and its Tributaries (Select) (Chairman: William D. Washburn; Ranking Member: Edward C. Walthall) * Naval Affairs (Chairman: J. Donald Cameron; Ranking Member: John R. McPherson) * Nicaraguan Claims (Select) (Chairman: John Tyler Morgan; Ranking Member: George F. Hoar) * Organization, Conduct and Expeditures of the Executive Departments (Chairman: Frank Hiscock; Ranking Member: Francis M. Cockrell) * Patents (Chairman: Henry M. Teller; Ranking Member: George Gray) * Pensions (Chairman: Cushman K. Davis; Ranking Member: Gilbert A. Pierce) * Post Office and Post Roads (Chairman: Philetus Sawyer; Ranking Member: Nathan F. Dixon) * Potomac River Front (Select) (Chairman: John R. McPherson; Ranking Member: Charles F. Manderson) * Printing (Chairman: Charles F. Manderson; Ranking Member: Arthur P. Gorman) * Private Land Claims (Chairman: Matt W. Ransom; Ranking Member: William M. Stewart) * Privileges and Elections (Chairman: George F. Hoar; Ranking Member: Zebulon B. Vance) * Public Buildings and Grounds (Chairman: Leland Stanford; Ranking Member: George G. Vest) * Public Lands (Chairman: Preston B. Plumb; Ranking Member: Richard F. Pettigrew) * Quadrocentennial (Select) (Chairman: Frank Hiscock; Ranking Member: James B. Eustis) * Railroads (Chairman: John H. Mitchell; Ranking Member: Joseph E. Brown) * Revision of the Laws (Chairman: James F. Wilson; Ranking Member: Ephraim K. Wilson) * Revolutionary Claims (Chairman: Richard Coke; Ranking Member: Justin S. Morrill) * Rules (Chairman: Nelson W. Aldrich; Ranking Member: Isham G. Harris) * Senate Administrative Services (Select) * Tariff Regulation (Select) * Territories (Chairman: Orville H. Platt; Ranking Member: Gilbert A. Pierce) * Transportation and Sale of Meat Products (Select) (Chairman: George G. Vest; Ranking Member: Randall L. Gibson) * Transportation Routes to the Seaboard (Chairman: Matthew S. Quay; Ranking Member: Randall L. Gibson) * Whole * Woman Suffrage (Select) (Chairman: Zebulon B. Vance; Ranking Member: Charles B. Farwell)
===House of Representatives===
* Accounts (Chairman: Henry J. Spooner; Ranking Member: Solomon G. Comstock) * Agriculture (Chairman: Edward H. Funston; Ranking Member: William H. Hatch) * Alcoholic Liquor Traffic (Select) * Appropriations (Chairman: Joseph G. Cannon; Ranking Member: Samuel J. Randall) * Banking and Currency (Chairman: George W.E. Dorsey; Ranking Member: Joseph R. Reed) * Claims (Chairman: William G. Laidlaw; Ranking Member: George W. Dargan) * Coinage, Weights and Measures (Chairman: Charles P. Wickham; Ranking Member: Richard P. Bland) * Commerce (Chairman: Charles S. Baker; Ranking Member: Henry Stockbridge Jr.) * Disposition of Executive Papers * District of Columbia (Chairman: William W. Grout; Ranking Member: John J. Hemphill) * Education (Chairman: James O'Donnell; Ranking Member: Henry P. Cheatham) * Elections (Chairman: Jonathan H. Rowell; Ranking Member: Solomon G. Comstock) * Enrolled Bills (Chairman: Robert P. Kennedy; Ranking Member: Constantine B. Kilgore) * Expenditures in the Agriculture Department (Chairman: Robert M. La Follette; Ranking Member: Edward Lane) * Expenditures in the Interior Department (Chairman: Nathaniel P. Banks; Ranking Member: James D. Richardson) * Expenditures in the Justice Department (Chairman: James S. Sherman; Ranking Member: John C. Tarsney) * Expenditures in the Navy Department (Chairman: John G. Sawyer; Ranking Member: Judson C. Clements) * Expenditures in the Post Office Department (Chairman: John M. Brower; Ranking Member: Thomas S. Flood) * Expenditures in the State Department (Chairman: Joseph A. Scranton; Ranking Member: Marion Biggs) * Expenditures in the Treasury Department (Chairman: Louis E. Atkinson; Ranking Member: William Cogswell) * Expenditures in the War Department (Chairman: Robert M. Yardley; Ranking Member: William C.P. Breckinridge) * Expenditures on Public Buildings (Chairman: Thomas S. Flood; Ranking Member: Joseph H. O'Neil) * Foreign Affairs (Chairman: Robert R. Hitt; Ranking Member: Hamilton D. Coleman) * Indian Affairs (Chairman: Bishop W. Perkins; Ranking Member: John L. Wilson) * Invalid Pensions (Chairman: Edmund N. Morrill; Ranking Member: Gilbert L. Laws) * Judiciary (Chairman: Ezra B. Taylor; Ranking Member: Joseph R. Reed) * Labor (Chairman: William H. Wade; Ranking Member: Aaron T. Bliss) * Levees and Improvements of the Mississippi River (Chairman: Julius C. Burrows; Ranking Member: Charles D. Beckwith) * Manufactures (Chairman: James Buchanan; Ranking Member: William D. Bynum) * Merchant Marine and Fisheries (Chairman: John M. Farquhar; Ranking Member: Hamilton G. Ewart) * Mileage (Chairman: John Lind; Ranking Member: Thomas J. Clunie) * Military Affairs (Chairman: Byron M. Cutcheon; Ranking Member: Samuel P. Snider) * Militia (Chairman: David B. Henderson; Ranking Member: Harrison Kelley) * Mines and Mining (Chairman: Thomas H. Carter; Ranking Member: Myron H. McCord) * Naval Affairs (Chairman: Charles A. Boutelle; Ranking Member: Hamilton D. Coleman) * Pacific Railroads (Chairman: John Dalzell; Ranking Member: James P. Flick) * Patents (Chairman: Benjamin Butterworth; Ranking Member: H. Clay Evans) * Pensions (Chairman: Milton De Lano; Ranking Member: Thomas H. B. Browne) * Printing (Chairman: Charles A. Russell; Ranking Member: James D. Richardson) * Private Land Claims (Chairman: Lucien B. Caswell; Ranking Member: Hamilton G. Ewart) * Post Office and Post Roads (Chairman: Henry H. Bingham; Ranking Member: James H. Blount) * Public Buildings and Grounds (Chairman: Seth L. Milliken; Ranking Member: Oscar S. Gifford) * Public Lands (Chairman: Lewis E. Payson; Ranking Member: William S. Holman) * Railways and Canals (Chairman: Henry C. McCormick; Ranking Member: Gilbert L. Laws) * Revision of Laws (Chairman: Thomas M. Browne; Ranking Member: Frederic T. Greenhalge) * Rivers and Harbors (Chairman: Thomas J. Henderson; Ranking Member: Frederick G. Niedringhaus) * Rules (Chairman: Charles F. Crisp; Ranking Member: James H. Blount) * Standards of Official Conduct * Territories (Chairman: Isaac S. Struble; Ranking Member: George W. Smith) * War Claims (Chairman: Ormsby B. Thomas; Ranking Member: Jonathan P. Dolliver) * Ways and Means (Chairman: William McKinley; Ranking Member: John G. Carlisle) * Whole
===Joint committees===
* Conditions of Indian Tribes (Special) * Disposition of (Useless) Executive Papers * The Library * Printing
==Caucuses== * Democratic (House) * Democratic (Senate)
== Employees == ===Legislative branch agency directors=== * Architect of the Capitol: Edward Clark * Librarian of Congress: Ainsworth Rand Spofford * Public Printer of the United States: Thomas E. Benedict, until 1889 ** Francis W. Palmer, from 1889
=== Senate === * Chaplain: John G. Butler (Lutheran) * Secretary: Anson G. McCook * Librarian: Alonzo M. Church * Sergeant at Arms: William P. Canady, until June 30, 1890 ** Edward K. Valentine, from June 30, 1890
=== House of Representatives === * Chaplain: William H. Milburn (Methodist) * Clerk: John B. Clark Jr., until December 2, 1889 ** Edward McPherson, from December 2, 1889 * Doorkeeper: Charles E. Adams * Postmaster: James L. Wheat, resigned October 1, 1890 ** James W. Hathaway, elected December 10, 1890 * Clerk at the Speaker’s Table: Nathaniel T. Crutchfield ** Edward F. Goodwin * Reading Clerks: John A. Reeve (D) and Azro J. Maxham (R) * Sergeant at Arms: John P. Leedom, until December 2, 1889 ** Adoniram J. Holmes, from December 2, 1889
== See also == * 1888 United States elections (elections leading to this Congress) ** 1888 United States presidential election ** 1888–89 United States Senate elections ** 1888 United States House of Representatives elections * 1890 United States elections (elections during this Congress, leading to the next Congress) ** 1890–91 United States Senate elections ** 1890 United States House of Representatives elections
== Notes == {{Notelist}}
==References== {{reflist}} * {{cite book|title = The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress|last = Martis|first = Kenneth C.|year = 1989|publisher = Macmillan Publishing Company|location = New York}} * {{cite book|title = The Historical Atlas of United States Congressional Districts|last = Martis|first = Kenneth C.|year = 1982|publisher = Macmillan Publishing Company|location = New York}}
==External links== *[https://web.archive.org/web/20060601025644/http://www.gpoaccess.gov/serialset/cdocuments/hd108-222/index.html Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress] *[http://clerk.house.gov/art_history/house_history/index.html U.S. House of Representatives: House History] *[https://www.senate.gov/pagelayout/reference/two_column_table/stats_and_lists.htm U.S. Senate: Statistics and Lists] * {{cite book |title=Official Congressional Directory for the 51st Congress, 1st Session |year = 1889|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=qOMqAAAAYAAJ&dq=Fifty-first+Congress.+(First+session.)+Official+Congressional+Directory+for+the+use+of+the+United+States+Congress,+by+W.H.+Michael,+clerk+of+printing+records.+First+edition.+Corrected+to+December+5,+1889.&pg=PA1 }} * {{cite book |title=Official Congressional Directory for the 51st Congress, 1st Session (1st Revision) |url= http://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=nyp.33433081796819;view=1up;seq=9 }} * {{cite book |title=Official Congressional Directory for the 51st Congress, 1st Session (2nd Revision) |url= https://archive.org/stream/officialcongres16pringoog#page/n11/mode/1up }} * {{cite book |title=Official Congressional Directory for the 51st Congress, 2nd Session |url= http://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=nyp.33433081796827;view=1up;seq=9 }} * {{cite book |title=Official Congressional Directory for the 51st Congress, 2nd Session (Revision) |url= http://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=nyp.33433081796827;view=1up;seq=291 }}
{{United States Congresses}} {{Benjamin Harrison}}
Category:51st United States Congress