Fiat 124 Sport Spider

{{about|the 1966–1982 Fiat 124 Spider|the 2016 Fiat 124 Spider|Fiat 124 Spider (2016)|the 124 Coupé|Fiat 124 Sport Coupé|the 124 sedan|Fiat 124}} {{Infobox automobile | name = Fiat 124 Sport Spider | image = Fiat 124 Spider turquoise.jpg | caption = Fiat 124 Sport Spider (CS) | aka = Fiat Spider 2000<ref>[http://www.fiat500usa.com/2015/12/fiat-124-spider-brochures.html Fiat Spider 2000 brochure, www.fiat500usa.com] Retrieved 23 April 2018</ref> Pininfarina Spider (1982–1985) | manufacturer = Fiat (1966–1982) Pininfarina (1982–1985) | production = 1966–1985 | assembly = Italy: Turin Italy: San Giorgio Canavese (Pininfarina) | designer = {{ubl|Pininfarina:|Tom Tjaarda (designer)<ref name="Tjaarda">{{cite web |first=Tom |last=Tjaarda |title=Fiat 124 Spyder Design Story |url=http://www.globallistics.com/spiderswebgb/storygb.html |website=spidersweb.nl |access-date=16 May 2013 }}{{Dead link|date=August 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>|Franco Martinengo (design director)|Battista Pininfarina}} | class = Sports car | platform = | body_style = 2-door cabriolet | layout = Front-engine, rear-wheel-drive | related = Fiat 124 | engine = {{unbulleted list |{{cvt|1438|cc|L|1}} I4|{{cvt|1592|cc|L|1}} I4|{{cvt|1608|cc|L|1}} I4|{{cvt|1756|cc|L|1}} I4|{{cvt|1995|cc|L|1}} I4|{{cvt|1995|cc|L|1}} turbo I4|{{cvt|1995|cc|L|1}} sc I4}} | transmission = {{unbulleted list |4-speed manual|5-speed manual|3-speed automatic}} | wheelbase = {{cvt|89.75|in|mm|0}}<ref name="Motor196611" /> | length = {{cvt|156.25|in|mm|0}}<ref name="Motor196611" /> | width = {{cvt|63.5|in|mm|0}}<ref name="Motor196611" /> | height = {{cvt|49.25|in|mm|0}}<ref name="Motor196611" /> | weight = {{cvt|2028|lb|kg|0}} | predecessor = Fiat Pininfarina Cabriolet | successor = Fiat Barchetta Fiat 124 Spider (2016) (Spiritual) | sp = uk }}

The '''Fiat 124 Sport Spider''' is a convertible sports car marketed by Fiat for model years 1966–1982 and by Pininfarina for 1982–1985 model years. Designed by and manufactured at the Italian ''carrozzeria'' Pininfarina factory, the monocoque, front-engined, rear-drive Sport Spider debuted at the November 1966 Turin Auto Show with styling by Tom Tjaarda.

Fiat later marketed the car as the '''Spider 2000''' (1979–1982). After being retired by Fiat, Pininfarina continued the production of the model under its own brand as '''Pininfarina Spider Azzurra''' for the North American market and '''Pininfarina Spidereuropa''' for the European market for three more years, from August 1982 until 1985.<ref name="TheConcise">The Concise 1966-78 FIAT 124 Spider, 1979-82 FIAT Spider 2000 & 1983-85 Pininfarina Spidereuropa, Pininfarina Azzurra History</ref>

In 2015, a successor of the Fiat 124 Spider was presented at the Los Angeles Auto Show.<ref>{{cite web|title=Fiat 124 Spider revealed at 2015 LA Motor Show|url=http://www.autoexpress.co.uk/fiat/90395/fiat-124-spider-revealed-at-2015-la-motor-show|publisher=Auto Express|access-date=20 November 2015}}</ref>

==Development== left|thumb|Interior (AS) thumb|A 1972 Fiat 124 Sport Spider thumb|Pininfarina Spidereuropa The Fiat 124 Sport Spider was designed by Pininfarina and styled in-house by Tom Tjaarda.<ref name="thorson">{{cite journal|last1=Thorson|first1=Thor|title=1975 Fiat-Abarth 124 Sport Rally Group 4 Spider|journal=Sports Car Market|date=May 2016|volume=28|issue=5|pages=70–71}}</ref> The 124 Sport Spider, 124 Sport Coupé and 124 sedan share much of their running gear, and in the case of the coupé, platforms. The Sports Spider uses a shorter platform and a shorter wheelbase, and, unlike the Pininfarina-styled and manufactured spider, Fiat designed and manufactured the coupé in-house.

The succession of build series of the 124 were designated internally as AS, BS, BS1, CS, and CSA. AS models had a torque tube transmitting power to the rear wheels; this crack-prone design was replaced by a trailing-arm rear axle with the second series (BS) during 1969, which was manufactured alongside the AS for the first six months of 1970. The early AS cars also have smaller taillights, while the BS received a mesh grille and black-rimmed gauges inside. In July 1970, the 1.6-liter BS1 appeared; this model is recognizable by its twin humps on the bonnet and bumper overriders. The CS series Spider arrived during 1972. Also in 1972, a sports version of the Spider debuted, required for type-approval of its rally version, and was marketed as 124 CSA (C-Spider-Abarth). The vehicle has a capacity of {{cvt|128|hp-metric|kW|0}}. In three years, Fiat manufactured fewer than 1000 CSA models, which were intended for sale to individual clients.

The car was manufactured by Fiat (with a Pininfarina body) in Turin until October 1981, when Pininfarina took over manufacture in their San Giorgio Canavese plant. Serial numbers started over from zero, while the 11th digit in the vehicle identification number was switched from an 8 to a 5. The Fiat Spider 2000 ended manufacture in July 1982, and after the Italian summer holidays, production of Pininfarina-badged cars commenced in its place.

==Specifications==

===Engines=== The four-cylinder engine used in the spider and coupé is a double overhead cam, aluminum crossflow head version of the sedan's pushrod unit. It started in 1966 with a capacity of 1438 cc, progressively increasing to 1608 cc in 1970 (although this was reduced to 1,592 cc in 1973), 1,756 cc in 1974, and finally 1,995 cc in 1979. The Fiat Twin Cam engine was designed by ex-Ferrari engineer Aurelio Lampredi. Bosch fuel injection replaced the previously used Weber carburetors midway through 1980. In 1981 and 1982, Fiat USA, Inc. partnered with Legend Industries to create around 700 turbo models for US markets. A supercharged model called "Volumex" also was offered toward the end of production; it was sold only in Europe, where it cost 35% more than a regular, fuel-injected Spidereuropa.{{#tag:ref|22,000,000 versus 16,300,000 liras in 1984<ref name="WC84"/>|group=lower-alpha}} This family of engines remained in production into the 1990s, giving it one of the longest production runs in automotive history. The double overhead cam (DOHC) version of the engine was the first mass manufactured DOHC to use reinforced-rubber timing belts, an innovation that came into nearly universal use in the decades after its introduction. Its derivatives powered race cars such as the Fiat 131 Mirafiori, 124 Special T, Lancia Beta Montecarlo, Delta Integrale, and many others.

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size:90%;" |- ! Years !!class="unsortable"| Model !! Engine !! Capacity !!style="line-height:1.2em;"| Bore x stroke {{smaller|mm}} !!style="line-height:1.2em;"| Compr. ratio !! Power at engine speed |- | 1967–73 || || 124 AC 040 || 1,438 cc || {{nowrap|80 x 71.5 mm}} || 8.9:1 || {{cvt|90|PS|kW hp|0|lk=on}} at 6,000 rpm |- | 1973–77 || || 132 AC 000 || 1,592 cc || 80 x 79.2 mm || 9.8:1 || {{cvt|108|PS|kW hp|0}} at 6,000 rpm |- | 1973–75 || Abarth Rally || 132 AC 4.000 || 1,756 cc || 84 x 79.2 mm || 9.8:1 || {{cvt|128|PS|kW hp|0}} at 6,200 rpm |- | 1970–73 || || 125 BC 000 || 1,608 cc || 80 x 80 mm || 9.8:1 || {{cvt|110|PS|kW hp|0}} at 6,400 rpm |- | 1973–77 || || 132 AC1 000 || 1,756 cc || 84 x 79.2 mm || 9.8:1 || {{cvt|118|PS|kW hp|0}} at 6,000 rpm |- | 1974–78 || || 132 A1 040 || 1,756 cc || 84 x 79.2 mm || 8.9:1 || {{cvt|118|PS|kW hp|0}} at 5,800 rpm |- | 1974–78 || || 131 A1 040 || 1,756 cc || 84 x 79.2 mm || 8.1:1 || {{cvt|87|PS|kW hp|0}} at 6,200 rpm |- | 1979–81 || || 132 C2 040 || 1,995 cc || 84 x 90 mm || 8.1:1 || {{cvt|83|PS|kW hp|0}} at 5,800 rpm |- | 1979–85 || || 132 C3 031 || 1,995 cc || 84 x 90 mm || 8.2:1 || {{cvt|102|PS|kW hp|0}} at 5,500 rpm |- | 1979–85 || Spidereuropa || 132 C3 031 || 1,995 cc || 84 x 90 mm || 8.2:1 || {{cvt|105|PS|kW hp|0}} at 5,500 rpm |- | 1984–85 || Volumex || 132 V3 031 || 1,995 cc || 84 x 90 mm || 7.5:1 || {{cvt|135|PS|kW hp|0}} at 6,000 rpm |}

===Suspension=== Suspension is conventional by unequal-length wishbones and coilover damper at the front and by coil-spring live rear axle at the rear, which is located by a transverse link (Panhard rod) and two pairs of forward-extending radius rods to react to braking and acceleration forces, and to control axle wind-up.

==Models== ===North American model===

thumb|1981 Fiat 124 Spider 2000 (US)

The coupé and Spider were marketed in Canada and the US beginning in 1968. In 1969, the Spider featured four-wheel disc brakes, double overhead cams, hesitation wipers, steering column-mounted lighting controls, radial-ply tyres, and a five-speed manual transmission. An optional three-speed automatic transmission from General Motors was available from 1979 through 1985 for North America and Japan. The Spider's convertible top was known for its simplicity of use—allowing a seated driver to quickly raise or lower the top.<ref name="RT82">{{cite journal |ref=81bg |journal=Road & Track's Road Test Annual & Buyer's Guide 1981 |issue=January–February 1981 |title=1981 Buyer's Guide |editor-first=Tony |editor-last=Hogg |page=96}}</ref> When the engine was upgraded to 2.0 L, the model was renamed the Fiat Spider 2000. For the 1980 model year, a version with a catalytic converter and Bosch L-Jetronic fuel injection was introduced for California and optional in the other 49 states. For 1981, this engine, with {{cvt|102|hp|kW|0}}, became standard fitment in North America.<ref name="RT82" />

Fiat subsequently stopped marketing the Spider and the X1/9—to have their marketing assumed by their respective ''carrozzerie''.<ref name="TheConcise" /> In Europe, the Ritmo Cabrio was also marketed by Bertone rather than Fiat itself.<ref>''World Cars 1984'', p. 199</ref> In the US, Fiat turned over marketing and support of the Spider and the X1/9 to International Automobile Importers, Inc., headed by Malcolm Bricklin.

==={{anchor|Abarth}}Fiat Abarth 124 Rally=== {{Infobox automobile | name = Fiat Abarth 124 Rally | image = Fiat Abarth 124 Rally - Cesana-Sestriere 2014 (14666745863) (cropped).jpg | caption = | body_style = 2-door spider with fixed hardtop | successor = Fiat Abarth 131 Rally | sp = uk }} The Fiat Abarth 124 Rally is a homologated version of the 124 Sport Spider, known also as "124 Abarth Stradale", introduced in November 1972.<ref name="Autosprint Fiat Abarth">{{cite journal |title=Fiat Abarth 124 Rally—La 124 R con la sospensione alla Chapman |trans-title=The 124 R with the Chapman-style suspension |journal=Autosprint |date=20 November 1972 |volume=XII |issue=47 |pages=36–37 |language=it}}</ref><ref name="lastampa Fiat Abarth">{{cite news |url=http://www.archiviolastampa.it/component/option,com_lastampa/task,search/mod,libera/action,viewer/Itemid,3/page,11/articleid,0146_01_1972_0257_0011_5343761/ |title=La "124 Rally", nuova sportiva |date=19 November 1972 |page=11 |newspaper=La Stampa |language=it |access-date=21 July 2015}}</ref> It received Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile homologation in the special grand touring cars (group 4) racing class, and replaced the 1.6-litre Fiat Sport Spider rally cars, which were then being campaigned. At the time, 124 had already won the 1972 European Rally Championship at the hands of Raffaele Pinto and Gino Macaluso.<ref name="Autosprint Fiat Abarth" /> The 124 Rally was added to the Sport Spider range, which included the 1600 and 1800 models; the first 500 examples produced were earmarked for the domestic Italian market.<ref name="lastampa Fiat Abarth" />

Amongst the most notable modifications over the standard Spider were independent rear suspension, engine upgrades, lightweight body panels, and a rigid hard top.

In place of the usual rear solid axle, independent suspension from lower wishbones is used, with the original trailing arms, an upper strut, and an antiroll bar. At the front, a radius rod on each side was added to the standard double wishbones.

The Abarth-tuned type 132 AC 4.000 1.8-litre, twin-cam engine was brought from the standard 118 to {{cvt|128|PS|kW hp|0|adj=mid|DIN}}<ref name="lum Fiat Abarth">{{cite book |title=Fiat Abarth 124 Rally—Uso e caratteristiche |publisher=Fiat |type=owner's manual |language=it}}</ref> by replacing the standard twin-choke carburettor with double vertical twin-choke Weber 44 IDFs, and by fitting an Abarth exhaust with a dual exit muffler.<ref name="Autosprint Fiat Abarth" /><ref name="lastampa Fiat Abarth" /> The 9.8:1 compression ratio was left unchanged.<ref name="lastampa Fiat Abarth" />

The transmission is the all-synchronised five-speed optional on the other Sport Spider models, and brakes are discs on all four corners. Despite the {{cvt|20|kg|lbs|0}} four-point roll bar fitted, kerb weight is {{cvt|938|kg|lbs|0}}, roughly {{cvt|25|kg|lbs|0}} less than the regular 1.8-litre Sport Spider.<ref name="Autosprint Fiat Abarth" />

The engine bonnet, boot lid, and fixed hard top are fibreglass, painted matt black; the rear window is perspex and the doors are aluminium. Front and rear bumpers were deleted and replaced by simple rubber bumperettes. A single matte-black wing mirror was fitted. Matte-black wheel-arch extensions house {{nowrap|185/70 VR 13}} Pirelli CN 36 tyres on {{nowrap|5.5 J × 13"}} four-spoke alloy wheels.<ref name="Autosprint Fiat Abarth" /> Inside, the centre console, rear occasional seats, and glovebox lid were eliminated; its new features were anodised aluminium dashboard trim, a small, three-spoke, leather-covered Abarth steering wheel, and Recaro corduroy-and-leather bucket seats as an extra-cost option.<ref name="Autosprint Fiat Abarth" /> The car carries Fiat badging front and rear, Abarth badges, and "Fiat Abarth" scripts on the front wings, and Abarth wheel-centre caps. Only three paint colours were available: Corsa red, white, and light blue.<ref name="Autosprint Fiat Abarth" />

{| style="font-size:90%; text-align:center; line-height:1.3em; background-color:#F9F9F9; border:1px solid #AAAAAA; border-spacing:5px;" cellpadding=5 !style="background-color:#C0C0C0; font-size:1em;" colspan=4| Fiat Abarth 124 Rally, specifications and comparison<ref name="Autosprint Fiat Abarth" /><ref name="lum Fiat Abarth" /> |- ! || Fiat Abarth 124 Rally || Fiat 124 Sport Spider 1800 |- !scope="row"| Engine |colspan=2| 1,756 cc DOHC inline-four |- !scope="row"| Carburettors | 2x twin-choke Weber 44 IDF || 1x twin-choke Weber 34 DMS |- !scope="row"| Power | {{cvt|128|PS|kW hp|0|adj=mid|DIN}} at 6,200 rpm || {{cvt|118|PS|kW hp|0|adj=mid|DIN}} at 6,000 rpm |- !scope="row"| Torque | {{cvt|16.2|kgm|Nm lbft|0}} at 5,200 rpm || {{cvt|15.6|kgm|Nm lbft|0}} at 4,000 rpm |- !scope="row"| Wheelbase | {{cvt|2280|mm|in|1}} || {{cvt|2280|mm|in|1}} |- !scope="row"| Length | {{cvt|3914|mm|in|1}} || {{cvt|3971|mm|in|1}} |- !scope="row"| Width | {{cvt|1630|mm|in|1}} || {{cvt|1613|mm|in|1}} |- !scope="row" style="line-height:1.2em;"| Track front–rear | {{cvt|1413|–|1400|mm|in|1}} || {{cvt|1346|–|1316|mm|in|1}} |- !scope="row"| Kerb weight incl. 75 kg driver<ref>FIAT Factory Homologation Certificate</ref> | {{cvt|938|kg|lbs|0}} || {{cvt|960|kg|lbs|0}} |- !scope="row"| Top speed | over {{cvt|190|km/h|mph|0}} || {{cvt|185|km/h|mph|0}} |} {{clear}}

==Rallying== thumb|Fiat Abarth 124 Rallyes in Abarth factory in Turin, {{circa|1975}} thumb|Fiat 124 Abarth at Silverstone circuit 2003

In 1971, the 124 Spider was prepared for the International Championship for Manufacturers when Abarth became involved with its production and development. Abarth designer Ing. Colucci was responsible for getting the 124 Spider into Group 4 rally trim. Over this period, the Abarth Spider was relatively successful with wins at the 1972 Hessen Rally, Acropolis Rally, 1973 Polish Rally, 19th on the 1973 RAC rally, and seventh to mostly the Alpine Renaults on the 1973 Monte Carlo Rally. The Spider continued to perform with first, second, and third in the 1974 eighth Portuguese TAP Rally, sixth in the 1974 1000 Lakes Rally, fourth in the 1975 Monte Carlo Rally, and also with Markku Alén driving the spider to third place. By 1976, the days of 124 rallying were numbered due to the appearance of the Fiat-Abarth 131.<ref>{{cite book |last=Tipler |first=John |title=Fiat & Abarth 124 Spider & coupé |year=1993 |publisher=Veloce Pub. Plc |location=Godmanstone, England |isbn=1-874105-09-X}}</ref>

==Production== The Spider was sold from 1966 for European and US markets, but from 1975 until 1981, they were produced only for the US market. In 1981, they were reintroduced in Europe until the end of production in 1985. Almost 200,000 Spiders had been manufactured, with 75% for the US market. The nine models of the spider are the AS, BS, BS1, CS, CSA (Abarth), CS1, CS2, CS0, and DS.

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size:90%;" |- ! Year !! Model !! Starting chassis no. !! Displacement !! Engine type !! Fuel delivery !! Aspiration |- | 1966 || AS || 000001 || 1438 || 124 AC.040 || Carbureted || Naturally |- | 1967 || AS || || 1438 || 124 AC.040 || Carbureted || Naturally |- | 1968 || AS || 0005619 || 1438 || 124 AC.040 || Carbureted || Naturally |- | 1969 || AS || 0010554 || 1438 || 124 AC.040 || Carbureted || Naturally |- | 1970 || BS || 0021861 || 1438 || 124 AC.040 || Carbureted || Naturally |- | 1971 || BS || 22589 || 1438 || 124 AC.040 || Carbureted || Naturally |- | 1971 || BS1 || 33950 || 1608 || 125BC.040 || Carbureted || Naturally |- | 1972 || BS1 || 47032 || 1608 || 125BC.040 || Carbureted || Naturally |- | 1973 || CS || 59592 || 1608 || 125BC.040 || Carbureted || Naturally |- | 1973 || CS1 || 63308 || 1592 || 132 AC.040.3 || Carbureted || Naturally |- | 1974 || CS1 || 71650 || 1756 || 132 A1.040.4 || Carbureted || Naturally |- | 1975 || CS || 88792 || 1756 || 132 A1.040.5 || Carbureted || Naturally |- | 1975 || CS || 88792 || 1756 || 132 A1.031.5 US market || Carbureted || Naturally |- | 1976 || CS1 || 99909 || 1756 || 132 A1.040.5 || Carbureted || Naturally |- | 1976 || CS1 || 99909 || 1756 || 132 A1.031.5 US market || Carbureted || Naturally |- | 1977 || CS || 113343 || 1756 || 132 A1.040.5 || Carbureted || Naturally |- | 1977 || CS || 113343 || 1756 || 132 A1.031.5 US market || Carbureted || Naturally |- | 1978 || CS || 126001 || 1756 || 132 A1.040.5 || Carbureted || Naturally |- | 1978 || CS || 126001 || 1756 || 132 A1.031.5 US market || Carbureted || Naturally |- | 1979 || CS2 || 142514 || 1995 || 132 CS2.040 || Carbureted || Naturally |- | 1979 || CS2 || 142514 || 1995 || 132 CS2.031 US market || Carbureted || Naturally |- | 1980 || CS0 || 00171001 || 1995 || 132 C3.031 || Fuel Injected || Naturally |- | 1980 || CS0 || 1938507 || 1995 || 132 C3.031|| Carbureted || Naturally |- | 1980 || CS2 || 0157654 || 1995 || 132 C3.040 || Carbureted || Naturally |- | 1981 || CS0 || 171001 || 1995 || 132 C3.031 || Fuel injected || Naturally |- | 1981 || CS2 || 164089 || 1995 || 132 C3.040 || Fuel injected || Turbocharged option |- | 1982 || CS2 || 1938507 || 1995 || 132 C3.040 || Fuel injected || Turbocharged option |- | 6/1982 || DS0 || 1967897 || 1995 || 132 C3.040 || Fuel injected || Naturally |- | 1983 || DS0 || 5500001 || 1995 || 132 C3.040 || Fuel injected || Naturally |- | 1984 || DS0 || 5503666 || 1995 || 132 C3.040 || Fuel injected || Naturally |- | 1985 || DS0 || 5506060 || 1995 || 132 C3.040 || Carbureted || Supercharged (Volumex) |}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:89%; text-align:center;" |+ Production by year, 1970–1985<ref name="pininfarina.it">{{cite web |url=http://www.pininfarina.it/repository/Gruppo/Produzionecomplessiva.pdf |title=Produzione complessiva |website=pininfarina.it |type=(Pininfarina production records) |access-date=2007-08-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110605081310/http://www.pininfarina.it/repository/Gruppo/Produzionecomplessiva.pdf |archive-date=2011-06-05}}</ref> |- ! Year | 1970 || 1971 || 1972 || 1973 || 1974 || 1975 || 1976 || 1977 || 1978 || 1979 | 1980 || 1981 || 1982 || 1983 || 1984 || 1985 ||style="line-height:1.2em;"| '''1970–85''' |- !style="line-height:1.2em;"| Units made | 14,288 || 13,412 || 12,362 || 12,738 || 15,754 || 14,143 || 11,862 || 14,012 || 16,105 || 18,943 | 14,435 || 4,747 || 3,456 || 2,480 || 2,577 || 1,504 | {{formatnum:{{#EXPR:14288+13412+12362+12738+15754+14143+11862+14012+16105+18943+14435+4747+3456+2480+2577+1504}}}} |}

==2016 model== [[File:Fiat 124 Spider - LA Auto Show 2015 (23121899872) (cropped).jpg|thumb|2016 Fiat 124 Spider]] {{Main|Fiat 124 Spider (2016)}}

The 124 name was revived in 2016 through a joint venture with Mazda, using the new Mazda MX-5 platform. After considering possibly marketing the result as an Alfa Romeo Spider, the car was brought to the market as a Fiat. It was unveiled at the Los Angeles Auto Show in November 2015 and made available in late 2016.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Horncastle|first1=Rowan|title=Meet Fiat's 124 Spider, Italy's MX-5-based answer to the MX-5|url=http://www.topgear.com/car-news/first-look/meet-fiats-124-spider-italys-mx-5-based-answer-mx-5|website=Top Gear|date=18 November 2015 |publisher=BBC Worldwide|access-date=18 November 2015}}</ref> The engine is a turbocharged 1.4 MultiAir with 160 hp (119 kW) from the Fiat range. {{clear}}

==References== {{reflist|colwidth=35em|refs= <ref name="WC84">{{cite book |title=World Cars 1984 |publisher=L'Editrice dell'Automobile LEA/Herald Books |location=Pelham, NY |page=222 |year=1984 |isbn=0-910714-16-9}}</ref> <nowiki><ref name="Tipler">{{cite book |title=Fiat and Abarth 124 Spider and Coupe |first=John |last=Tipler |publisher=Veloce |year=1993}}</ref></nowiki> <ref name="Motor196611">{{cite journal |first=Richard |last=Bensted-Smith |title=Sport-out of Fiat 124: The 124 spider; larger engine: twin overhead camshafts; Pininfarina 2+2 body |journal=The Motor |pages=25–27 |date=5 November 1966}}</ref>}}

== Notes == {{Reflist|group=lower-alpha}}

==External links== {{commons category|Fiat 124 Sport Spider}} *[http://www.fcaheritage.com/en-uk/heritage/stories/fiat-124-abarth-rally Fiat 124 Abarth Rally Gr.4] (FCA) *[http://www.fcaheritage.com/en-uk/heritage/stories/fiat-pininfarina-spidereuropa Pininfarina Spidereuropa] (FCA)

124 Sport Spider Category:1960s cars Category:1970s cars Category:Cars introduced in 1966 Category:Cars powered by longitudinal 4-cylinder engines Category:Rear-wheel-drive vehicles Category:Convertibles Category:1980s cars Category:Pininfarina vehicles Category:Cars discontinued in 1985