| Country | French Third Republic |
|---|---|
| Previous election | 1869 French legislative election |
| Previous year | 1869 |
| Election date | 8 February 1871 |
| Next election | French legislative election, 1876 |
| Next year | 1876 |
| Seats for election | All 758 seats in the National Assembly |
| Majority seats | 320 |
| Leader 1 | Jules Grévy |
| Party 1 | Republicans |
| Party1 name | no |
| Seats 1 | 249 |
| Leader 2 | Henri d'Orléans |
| Party 2 | Orléanists |
| Seats 2 | 223 |
| Leader 3 | Henri of Artois |
| Party 3 | Legitimists |
| Seats 3 | 185 |
| Party 4 | Liberals |
| Party4 name | no |
| Seats 4 | 78 |
| Party 5 | Bonapartists (political party) |
| Seats 5 | 23 |
| Before election | Louis-Jules Trochu |
| Before party | Independent politician |
| After election | Jules Dufaure |
| After party | Independent politician |
Legislative elections were held in France on 8 February 1871 to elect the first legislature of the Third French Republic, the unicameral National Assembly. The elections were held during a situation of crisis in the country, as following the Franco-Prussian War, 43 departments were occupied by Prussian forces. As a result, all public meetings were outlawed and Paris was the only city where an election campaign took place.
The electoral law allowed candidates to run in more than one seat at a time. As a result, several candidates were elected in more than one seat, with Adolphe Thiers elected in 86 constituencies. By-elections were subsequently held on 2 July to elect representatives for the 114 vacant seats.
The elections saw the victory of monarchists (Legitimists and Orleanists), who were favourable to a restoration of the monarchy and peace with the German Empire, with the two groups winning a large majority.