{{Short description|Cneaz mentioned in the Diploma of the Joannites}} {{about||the commune in Dolj County|Fărcaș|the village in Vrancea County|Reghiu}} '''Farcaș''',<ref name='Georgescu'>{{cite book | last = Georgescu | first = Vlad | title = The Romanians: A History| year = 1991 | url = https://archive.org/details/romanianshistory0000geor | url-access = registration }}</ref><ref name='Spinei'>{{cite book | last = Spinei | first = Victor | title = The Romanians and the Turkic Nomads North of the Danube Delta from the Tenth to the Mid-Thirteenth Century}}</ref> also '''Farkas''', '''Farkaș'''<ref name='Klepper'>{{cite book | last = Klepper | first = Nicolae | title = Romania: An Illustrated History| url = https://archive.org/details/romaniaillustrat00klep | url-access = registration }}</ref> or '''Farcas''',<ref name='Pop'>{{cite book | last = Pop | first = Ioan Aurel | title = Romanians and Romania: A Brief History}}</ref> was a ''cneaz'' (local chieftain or ruler)<ref name='Pop'/><ref name='Rady'>{{cite book | last = Rady | first = Martyn | title = Nobility, Land and Service in Medieval Hungary}}</ref> mentioned in the Diploma of the Joannites issued by king Béla IV of Hungary (1235–1270) on 2 July 1247; the diploma granted territories to the Knights Hospitaller in the Banate of Severin and ''Cumania''.<ref name='Vásáry'>{{cite book | last = Vásáry | first = István | title = Cumans and Tatars: Oriental Military in the Pre-Ottoman Balkans, 1185-1365}}</ref> Farcaș held a ''kenazate'' which was given to the knights by the king.<ref name='Vásáry'/> His ''kenazate'' lay in the northeast of modern Oltenia (in Romania).<ref name='Pop'/>
The diploma of Béla IV also refers to the ''kenazate''s of John and ''voivode'' Litovoi and to ''voivode'' Seneslau.<ref name='Vásáry'/> Seneslau and Litovoi are expressly said to be Vlachs ''(Olati)'' in the king's diploma.<ref name='Vásáry'/>
Farkas ''(Farcaș)'' is a typical Hungarian name meaning ‘wolf’.<ref name='Vásáry'/> The Romanian historian Ioan-Aurel Pop suggests that his name is mentioned in Hungarian translation in the diploma, and Farcaș's ''kenazate'' was one of the incipient Romanian states south of the Carpathian Mountains.<ref name='Pop'/>
According to the Hungarian historian {{ill|István Vásáry (orientalist)|lt=István Vásáry|hu|Vásáry István (orientalista)}}, Farcaș was either Hungarian or Romanian with Hungarian name, but the latter supposition is less probable, since ''Lupu'', the Romanian equivalent of Hungarian ''Farkas'', was used by the Romanians.<ref name='Vásáry'/>
László Makkai proposes that the name of Vâlcea County could indicate the land of Farcaș (Slavic ''vlk'' (‘wolf’) > Vâlcea).<ref name='Makkai'>{{cite book | last = Makkai | first = László | title = From the Hungarian conquest to the Mongol invasion}}</ref>
== See also == *Founding of Wallachia *List of princes of Wallachia
== References == {{reflist|2}}
== Sources == *Georgescu, Vlad ''(Author)'' – Calinescu, Matei ''(Editor)'' – Bley-Vroman, Alexandra ''(Translator)'': ''The Romanians – A History''; Ohio State University Press, 1991, Columbus; {{ISBN|0-8142-0511-9}} *Klepper, Nicolae: ''Romania: An Illustrated History''; Hippocrene Books, 2005, New York; {{ISBN|0-7818-0935-5}} *Makkai, László: ''From the Hungarian conquest to the Mongol invasion''; ''in:'' Köpeczi, Béla ''(General Editor)'' – Makkai, László; Mócsy, András; Szász, Zoltán ''(Editors)'' – Barta, Gábor ''(Assistant Editor)'': ''History of Transylvania - Volume I: From the beginnings to 1606''; Akadémiai Kiadó, 1994, Budapest; {{ISBN|963-05-6703-2}} *Pop, Ioan-Aurel: ''Romanians and Romania: A Brief History''; Columbia University Press, 1999, New York; {{ISBN|0-88033-440-1}} *Rady, Martyn: ''Nobility, Land and Service in Medieval Hungary''; Palgrave (in association with School of Slavonic and East European Studies, University College London), 2000, New York; {{ISBN|0-333-80085-0}} *Spinei, Victor: ''The Romanians and the Turkic Nomads North of the Danube Delta from the Tenth to the Mid-Thirteenth Century''; Brill, 2009, Leiden and Boston; {{ISBN|978-90-04-17536-5}} *Vásáry, István: ''Cumans and Tatars: Oriental Military in the Pre-Ottoman Balkans, 1185-1365''; Cambridge University Press, 2005, Cambridge; {{ISBN|0-521-83756-1}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Farcas}} Category:13th-century Hungarian nobility Category:History of Oltenia