{{Short description|11th-century Kurdish tribal chief and emir of Fars}} {{Use dmy dates|date=December 2024}} {{Infobox royalty | name = Nizam Al-din Fazl-Allah | title = Amir Abu'l-Abbas Fadlawayh | image = | caption = | succession = Sepahsalar of Buyids of Fars and chief of Shabankara tribe | reign = 1030-1049 | coronation = | predecessor = | successor = | birth_date = | birth_place = | death_date = 1078 | death_place = | place of burial = | spouse = | issue = | full name = | father = Ali ibn Hasan ibn Ayyub Ramani | religion = Islam | succession1 = Emir Fars | reign1 = 1055-1078 | predecessor1 = Abu Mansur Fulad Sutun | successor1 = Turan-Shah {{small|(rival king)}}<br />Abu'l-Abbas ibn Fadluya Hasanuya {{small|(successor)}} | dynasty = Ramanid branch of Shabankara }}
'''Amir Abu'l-Abbas Fadl''', better known as '''Fadluya''' (also spelled '''Fadlawayh'''), was a Kurdish<ref name="Spuler">{{citation|last=Spuler|first=B.|date=2012|title=Faḍlawayh|url=https://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/encyclopaedia-of-islam-2/fadlawayh-SIM_2233|journal=Encyclopaedia of Islam|publisher=Brill Publishers|doi=10.1163/1573-3912_islam_SIM_2233|isbn=9789004161214|url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref name="Büchner">{{citation|last=Büchner|first=V. F.|date=2012|title=S̲h̲abānkāra|url=https://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/encyclopaedia-of-islam-1/shabankara-SIM_5253?s.num=4&s.rows=50|journal=Encyclopaedia of Islam|publisher=Brill Publishers|doi=10.1163/2214-871X_ei1_SIM_5253|isbn=9789004082656|url-access=subscription}}</ref> chieftain of the Shabankara in Fars. He was the son of Ali ibn Hasan ibn Ayyub of the Ramani clan of the Shabankara, who were Kurds from Syria that migrated to Fars,<ref>{{Cite book |last=Potts |first=Daniel T. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8c3QAgAAQBAJ&dq=Shabankara&pg=PA166 |title=Nomadism in Iran: From Antiquity to the Modern Era |date=2014 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-933079-9 |pages=166 |language=en}}</ref><ref>Spuler, B. (1987). [https://iranicaonline.org/articles/atabakan-e-lorestan "ATĀBAKĀN-E LORESTĀN"]. Encyclopedia Iranica. II.</ref> and was the founder of the Shabankara dynasty in Fars (r. 1030–1078), which lasted sporadically from 1030 to 1355. The Shabankaras occupied the mountain region of Kuhgiluya and maintained a great scale of independence.<ref name="Büchner" />
==Early life== Earlier in his life, Fadluya's father Ali sent him to Saheb-e Adel, who was then the vizier to the Buyid ruler Abu Kalijar.<ref name="Iranica">{{cite web |last1=Mardukh |first1='Abd-Allah |title=FAŻLŪYA, Amir ABU'L-ʿABBĀS FAŻL |url=https://iranicaonline.org/articles/fazluya-amir-abul-abbas-fazl-known-also-as-nezam-al-din-fazl-allah |website=Encyclopaedia Iranica |access-date=7 March 2022}}</ref> Ali requested that his son be given a court position.<ref name="Iranica"/> Fadluya rose in rank under Saheb-e Adel and eventually reached the rank of sepahsalar.<ref name="Iranica"/> However, Abu Kalijar "decided to take over the Shabankara territories for himself, which alienated Fadluya".<ref name="Iranica"/>
==Ruler of Fars== [[File:Map of Fars and it's surrounding regions.png|thumb|right|300px|Map of Fars and its surrounding regions in the 10th–11th centuries]] When the Seljuk prince Qavurt invaded Fars in 1053, Fadluya turned to Qavurt's brother Alp Arslan.<ref name="Iranica"/> He offered an annual tribute of 27 million dirhams in return for the Seljuks letting him remain ruler of Fars.<ref name="Iranica"/> Alp Arslan accepted, and by 1055 Fadluya had consolidated his rule in Fars.<ref name="Iranica"/> His main capital was at Goshnabad, or Joshnabad, a town somewhere northeast of Fasa.<ref name="Iranica"/> He also sometimes resided at Darabgerd and Shiraz.<ref name="Iranica"/>
Later, in the reign of sultan Alp Arslan, Fadluya rebelled against him.<ref name="Iranica"/> He stopped sending the annual tribute, proclaimed himself an independent ruler, and took up a defensive position at the fortress of Khvorsha near Jahrom.<ref name="Iranica"/> However, this rebellion was unsuccessful – Alp Arslan's vizier Nizam al-Mulk came and ended up capturing the fortress after 16 days.<ref name="Iranica"/> Fadluya surrendered and offered to pay reparations.<ref name="Iranica"/> He was forgiven and allowed to resume his position as ruler of Fars.<ref name="Iranica"/>
Fadluya rebelled again in 1072, and once again Nizam al-Mulk was sent to subjugate him.<ref name="Iranica"/> Nizam al-Mulk's attempt to resolve things peacefully failed; again Fadluya ended up ensconcing himself in a fortress.<ref name="Iranica"/> Nizam al-Mulk began a siege, which only lasted for a relatively short time before the defenders surrendered due to lack of water.<ref name="Iranica"/> Fadluya attempted to flee but was captured and brought before Alp Arslan.<ref name="Iranica"/> Alp Arslan again forgave Fadluya, but this time he had him imprisoned at the fortress of Estakhr.<ref name="Iranica"/>
==Death== According to Ibn al-Balkhi, Fadluya remained a prisoner at Estakhr for the rest of his life.<ref name="Iranica"/> In 1078, he attempted to take over the fortress but failed, and he was captured and killed.<ref name="Iranica"/> His skin was stuffed with straw and hung up on public display.<ref name="Iranica"/>
==References== {{Reflist}}
==Further reading== *{{cite book|last=Christensen|first=Peter|title=The Decline of Iranshahr: Irrigation and Environments in the History of the Middle East, 500 B.C. to A.D. 1500|publisher=Museum Tusculanum Press|year=1993|isbn=9788772892597|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ebB_ac13v3UC&q=false|pages= 1–351}} * {{cite book | title = The Cambridge History of Iran, Volume 4: From the Arab Invasion to the Saljuqs | year = 1975 | publisher = Cambridge University Press | location = Cambridge | editor-last = Frye | editor-first = R. N. | last = Bosworth | first = C. E. | author-link = C. E. Bosworth | chapter = Iran under the Buyids | pages = 250–305 | isbn = 0-521-20093-8 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=hvx9jq_2L3EC&q=the+cambridge+history+of+iran+4}} * {{EI3|last=Hope|first=Michael|title=Faḍlawayh, Banū|url=https://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/encyclopaedia-of-islam-3/fadlawayh-banu-COM_26910|year=2021}} * {{cite encyclopedia | article = BUYIDS | last = Nagel | first = Tilman | author-link = Nagel Tilman | encyclopedia = Encyclopaedia Iranica, Vol. IV, Fasc. 6 | publisher = Routledge & Kegan Paul | location = London u.a. | year = 1990 | pages = 578–586 | url = http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/buyids}} * {{cite book | title = E. J. Brill's First Encyclopaedia of Islam, 1913-1936, Bind 4 | last = Brill | year = 1993 | isbn = 9004097902 | pages = 1–611 | publisher = BRILL | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=7CP7fYghBFQC&q=Khusrau+Firuz+encyclopedia+of+islam}} *{{cite book|last=Potts|first=Daniel T.|title=Nomadism in Iran: From Antiquity to the Modern Era|location=London and New York|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2014|isbn=9780199330799|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=I-xtAAAAMAAJ|pages=1–558}}
{{s-start}} {{s-break}} {{s-vac|unknown}} {{s-ttl|title=Shabankara ruler (in Fars)|years=1030–1078}} {{s-non|reason=Unknown}} {{s-end}}
Category:Year of birth unknown Category:1078 deaths Category:11th-century monarchs in Asia Category:History of Fars province Category:11th-century Kurdish people Category:Kurdish rulers