{{Short description|Shaddadid emir from 985 to 1031}} {{Infobox monarch | name = Fadl ibn Muhammad | title = | image = File:Fadl b. Muhammad Shaddadi, Janza (985-1031).jpg | image_size = 300 | caption =Coinage of Fadl b. Muhammad Shaddadi, Janza (985-1031 CE).<ref>{{cite web |title=Copper alloy fals of Fadl b. Muhammad Shaddadi, Janza, xxx H. 0000.999.7486 |url=https://numismatics.org/collection/0000.999.7486 |website=numismatics.org |publisher=American Numismatic Society |language=en}}</ref> | reign =985–1031 | coronation = | full name = | predecessor =Marzuban ibn Muhammad | successor =Abu'l-Fath Musa | spouse = | issue = | royal house =Shaddadids | dynasty = | father = | mother = | birth_date = | birth_place = | death_date = 1031 | death_place = | date of burial = | place of burial = |}} '''Al-Fadhl ibn Muhammad al-Shaddadi''' (also '''al-Fadl ibn Muhammad''', '''Fadl ibn Muhammad''', '''Fadlun ibn Muhammad''', '''Fadhlun ibn Muhammad''', or '''Fadl I''' was the Shaddadid emir of Arran from 985 to 1031. Of Kurdish origin, al-Fadhl was called "Fadhlun the Kurd" by ibn al-Athir and other Arabic historians. Al-Fadhl was the first Shaddadid emir to issue coinage, locating his mint first at Partav (Barda'a) and was later transferred to Ganja.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Shaddadids|url=https://iranicaonline.org/articles/shaddadids#pt1|access-date=2021-04-10|website=iranicaonline.org}}</ref>
Al-Fadhl built a bridge across the Araxes with the intent to raid the Rawadids, and led an expedition against the Khazars around 1030.<ref name="EofI">C.E. Bosworth, "Shaddadids", ''The Encyclopedia of Islam'', Vol.IX, Ed. C.E.Bosworth, E. van Donzel, W.P.Heinrichs and G.Lecomte, (Brill, 1997), 169.</ref> The Khazars reportedly killed 10,000 of his soldiers. Since the Khazar Khaganate had been destroyed in 969, it is unclear whether these Khazars were from a successor state or kingdom located in the Caucasus, were subjects of a Kipchak or Pecheneg ruler, or whether ibn al-Athir was mistaken or was using "Khazars" as a generic term for steppe people.
In 993, the army of Fadl I captured Barda and Beylagan.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Welcome to Heydar Aliyevs Heritage Research Center|url=https://lib.aliyev-heritage.org/ru/45361364.html|access-date=2021-04-10|website=lib.aliyev-heritage.org}}</ref> During his reign, there were clashes with the Georgian kings, the Byzantines (1037-1038), the Alans and the Rus.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Ganja|url=https://iranicaonline.org/articles/ganja-|access-date=2021-04-10|website=iranicaonline.org}}</ref> Friendly relations were maintained with the Rawadids, the Shirvanshahs, and the Emirate of Tbilisi.<ref>{{Cite web|title=ИСТОРИЯ ШИРВАНА И ДЕРБЕНДА->ВВЕДЕНИЕ|url=http://www.vostlit.info/Texts/rus13/Sirvan_Derbend/pred.phtml?id=1892|access-date=2021-04-10|website=www.vostlit.info}}</ref>
In 1003/1004, following the death of Grigor, ruler of Pharisos, al-Fadl of the Shaddadids imprisoned his son Philip and seized the districts of Shashvash and Shothkh from Grigor’s domains.<ref>{{cite book | editor1=William Bayne Fisher | title=The Cambridge History of Iran | volume=3, Part 1 | date=1968 | publisher=Cambridge University Press | isbn=978-0521060359 | pages=240 }}</ref>
In 1026, the king of Georgia, probably Giorgi I, launched a campaign against Shamkur and besieged the city once again. Al-Fadl confronted the Georgian forces in battle and defeated them, forcing the siege to be lifted, and killing 10,000 of them.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Minorsky |year=1953 |title=Studies in Caucasian History |page=17 |url=https://archive.org/details/Minorsky1953StudiesCaucasianHistory/page/16/mode/1up?q=Shamkur}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last1=Fisher |first1=William Bayne |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hvx9jq_2L3EC&q=1026 |title=The Cambridge History of Iran |last2=Frye |first2=R. N. |date=1975-06-26 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-20093-6 |language=en}}</ref>
According to Ibn al-Athir, Fadl I launched a campaign against the Khazars in 1030.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Государство Шеддадидов - Азербайджан|url=https://www.azerbaijans.com/content_374_ru.html|access-date=2021-04-10|website=www.azerbaijans.com}}</ref>
Al-Fadhl died in 1031 and was succeeded by his son Abu'l-Fath Musa.
==References== <references />
==Sources== *{{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20080913203315/http://www.iranica.com/newsite/articles/v2f5/v2f5a010.html C.E Bosworth. "Arran". ''Encyclopaedia Iranica'']}} *Douglas M. Dunlop. The History of the Jewish Khazars, Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1954. * {{cite book|last=Minorsky|first=Vladimir|title=Studies in Caucasian History|location=Cambridge|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=1977|orig-year=1953|isbn=0-521-05735-3|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Pzg8AAAAIAAJ }} * {{cite encyclopedia | last = Peacock | first = Andrew | title = SHADDADIDS | encyclopedia = Encyclopædia Iranica, Online Edition | year = 2011 }}
{{s-start}} {{s-bef | before = Marzuban}} {{s-ttl | title = Shaddadid emir of Ganja | years = 985–1031 }} {{s-aft | after = Abu'l-Fath Musa}} {{s-end}} {{Shaddadids}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Fadl Ibn Muhammad}} Category:1031 deaths Category:Emirs of Ganja Category:10th-century Shaddadid emirs Category:11th-century Shaddadid emirs Category:11th-century Kurdish people Category:10th-century Kurdish people