{{Short description|Galician writer, poet and philosopher of the Haskalah}} {{Infobox writer | name=Fabius Mieses | image=Fabius_Mieses.png | image_size= | caption= | native_name= | native_name_lang= | pseudonym= | birth_name= | birth_date={{birth date|1824|10|31|df=y}} | birth_place=Brody, Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria, Austrian Empire | death_date={{death date and age|1898|10|10|1824|10|31|df=y}} | death_place=Leipzig, Kingdom of Prussia, German Empire | resting_place= | occupation= | language=Hebrew, German | alma_mater= | genre= | subject= | movement=Haskalah | notableworks= | spouse=Sarah Mieses ({{nee|Mieses}}){{r|ginzig}} | children= | awards= | years_active= }} '''Fabius Mieses''' ({{Langx|yi|פֿאַבּיוס מיעזעס}}, {{Langx|he|פביוס מיזס}}; 31 October 1824 – 10 October 1898) was a Galician writer, poet, and philosopher of the Haskalah. Besides numerous published books, he frequently contributed poetry and articles to various Hebrew and German periodicals.{{r|EJ}}
==Biography== Mieses was born in 1824 into a prominent Jewish family in Brody, the son of Sarah Geleh ({{nee|Redler}}) and Solomon Joshua ha-Kohen Mieses. His younger brother was chess master Samuel Mieses. At an early age he showed signs of great intellect, and was hailed as an ''illui''.{{r|ahiasaf}} He received a thorough education; until the age of 15, he studied Hebrew literature exclusively. Among his teachers was David Lokaczer, a disciple of Nachman Krochmal.{{r|obl}} He later attended his grandfather Zalman Redler's beth midrash.{{r|ginzig}}
He lived in the house of his great-uncle (and later father-in-law) {{ill|Isaac Mieses|qid=Q109275429}}, a scholar living in Kraków, from 1840 to 1846.{{r|yivo}} There he met, besides Solomon Judah Loeb Rapoport and other ''maskilim'', his future teacher, M. Schöngut, who initiated him into the study of philosophy, and with whom he used to converse in Hebrew during their regular daily walks. At the same time, he assiduously applied himself to the study of German, French, Italian, Latin, mathematics, and astronomy.{{r|JE}}{{r|posen}}
Mieses wrote the first translation into Hebrew of the "To be, or not to be" soliloquy from ''Hamlet'' in 1842, based on a German translation by Moses Mendelssohn,{{r|ginzig}} but it remained unpublished until 1891.{{r|toury}}{{r|kahn}} He published his first article, a critical review of his father-in-law's ''Wirren im Judenthum'', in Zecharias Frankel's magazine ''Zeitschrift für die Religiösen Interessen des Judenthums'' in 1845.{{r|brockhaus}}
In 1849 Mieses made his first trip abroad, to Leipzig, where he befriended Julius Fürst. He soon became assistant editor of and a regular contributor to Fürst's paper ''Der Orient''.{{r|JE}} He moved to Breslau in 1854, where he met Heinrich Grätz, Abraham Geiger, Zecharias Frankel and Manuel Joël, and permanently settled in Leipzig in 1867. Mieses carried on a lively correspondence with B. L. Landau, and from 1877 was a close friend of Leopold von Sacher-Masoch, in whose literary magazine ''Auf der Höhe'' he published a polemical treatise on Jewish history.{{r|obl}}
He died at Leipzig on 10 October 1898.{{r|JE}}
==Work== In 1846, Mieses' German essay "Gegenwart und Vergangenheit im Judenthume" appeared serially in Fürst's periodical ''Der Orient''.{{r|yivo}} Later, between 1868 and 1871, he devoted a series of articles to the question of religious reform in the journals ''Ha-Maggid'' and ''Ha-Melitz'', which were later published as the collection ''Hegyoni ha-tzofe''.{{r|obl}} One article, ''Milḥemet ha-dat'', presented an exposition of the thought processes leading to the German-Jewish Reform movement.{{r|orbach}}
In 1878, Mieses published a didactic poem entitled ''Ha-emunah veha-tevunah'' (previously printed in ''Ha-Maggid''), treating of Darwinism and its opponents.{{r|yivo}} By this production, he gained for himself a prominent and lasting place among Hebrew poets. His most celebrated work was ''Korot ha-filosofyah ha-ḥadashah'' (first volume, Leipzig, 1887),{{r|EJ}} a history of modern philosophy from Kant to Hegel.{{r|yivo}} Since this work was the first treatise in Hebrew on modern philosophy, the author often had to create new terms and names for philosophical concepts. A second and third volume of the work remained in manuscript.{{r|brockhaus}} According to {{ill|Eliezer Goldman|he|אליעזר גולדמן}}, the treatise likely influenced the philosophical views of Abraham Isaac Kook.{{r|goldman}}{{r|schwartz_2002}}
Other works by Mieses include ''Ha-kabbala veha-ḥasidut'' (Breslau, 1866; Odesa, 1871); ''Shirim'' (Kraków, 1891), a collection of miscellaneous poems; and ''Die Bibel der Vernunft'' (Leipzig, 1895).{{r|zeitlin}}
===Selected bibliography=== * {{cite journal|title=Die Vergangenheit und Gegenwart im Judentum|trans-title=The Past and Present in Judaism|journal=Der Orient|date=1846|language=de}} * {{cite journal|title=Tikkun olam|trans-title=Repair of the World|journal=Ha-Karmel|date=1863–64|language=he}} * {{cite book|title=Ha-kabbala veha-ḥasidut|trans-title=Kabbalah and Hasidism|date=1866|location=Breslau|publisher=H. Sulzbach|language=he|url=https://www.nli.org.il/en/books/NNL_ALEPH001999187/NLI}} * {{cite journal|title=Milḥemet ha-dat|trans-title=The War of Religion|journal=Ha-Melitz|date=1868|volume=8|number=39–44, 50–51|language=he|url=https://www.nli.org.il/en/newspapers/hmz/1868/10/15/01/article/1/?e=-------en-20--1--img-txIN%7ctxTI--------------1}} '''9''' (1). 1869. * {{cite journal|title=Naḥalat Tzevi|journal=Ha-Maggid|date=1870|volume=14|number=11–17|language=he|url=https://www.nli.org.il/en/newspapers/mgd/1870/03/16/01/article/10/?e=-------en-20--1--img-txIN%7ctxTI--------------1}} * {{cite book|title=Hegyoni ha-tzofe|trans-title=The Observer's Logic|date=1871|location=Odesa|publisher=L. Nitzche|language=he|url=https://www.nli.org.il/en/books/NNL_ALEPH001998353/NLI}} * {{cite book|title=Ha-emunah veha-tevunah|trans-title=Faith and Wisdom|date=1878|location=Lyck|publisher=Rudolph Siebert|language=he|url=https://www.nli.org.il/he/books/NNL_ALEPH001998351/NLI}} * {{cite journal|title=Das Judentum der Vergangenheit|trans-title=Judaism of the Past|journal=Auf der Höhe|date=1886|language=de}} Published in Hebrew in ''Ha-Mitzpe'', 1886. * {{cite book|title=Korot ha-filosofyah ha-ḥadashah|trans-title=History of Modern Philosophy|date=1887|location=Leipzig|publisher=Moritz Schäfer|language=he|url=https://www.nli.org.il/en/books/NNL_ALEPH001998604/NLI}} * {{cite book|title=Kevutzat shirim|trans-title=Collected Poetry|date=1891|location=Kraków|publisher=Josef Fischer|language=he|url=https://www.nli.org.il/en/books/NNL_ALEPH001789367/NLI}} * {{cite book|title=Die Bibel der Vernunft|trans-title=The Bible of Reason|date=1895|location=Leipzig|publisher=C. W. Vollrath|language=de|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3v89AQAAMAAJ}}
==References== {{Jewish Encyclopedia|article=Fabius Mieses|url=https://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/articles/10818|first1=Isidor|last1=Warsaw|volume=8|page=582}} {{Reflist|refs= <ref name=brockhaus>{{cite JEBE|wstitle=Мизес, Фабиус|trans-title=Mieses, Fabius|volume=11|pages=51–52}}</ref> <ref name=goldman>{{cite book|last=Goldman|first=Eliezer|chapter=Rav Kook's Relation to European Thought|title=The World of Rav Kook's Thought|editor1-first=S.|editor1-last=Rosenberg|editor2-first=B.|editor2-last=Ish-Shalom|translator1-first=Shalom|translator1-last=Carmy|translator2-first=Bernard|translator2-last=Casper|pages=144–148|location=New York, NY|publisher=Avi Chai|date=1991}}</ref> <ref name=JE>{{Jewish Encyclopedia|article=Fabius Mieses|url=https://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/articles/10818|first1=Isidor|last1=Warsaw|volume=8|page=582|no-prescript=1}}</ref> <ref name=kahn>{{cite book|title=The First Hebrew Shakespeare Translations: Isaac Edward Salkinson's ''Ithiel the Cushite of Venice'' and ''Ram and Jael''|first=Lily|last=Kahn|publisher=UCL Press|location=London|isbn=978-1-911307-99-0| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=20ZLDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA2| page=2|date=2017}}</ref> <ref name=obl>{{cite encyclopedia|title=Mieses, Fabius (1824–1898), Philosoph und Schriftsteller|first=R.|last=Pytel|encyclopedia=Österreichisches Biographisches Lexikon|volume=6|date=1974|page=271|doi=10.1553/0x00282fc9|url=https://www.biographien.ac.at/oebl/oebl_M/Mieses_Fabius_1824_1898.xml|doi-access=free}}</ref> <ref name=orbach>{{cite book | last=Orbach | first=Alexander| title=New Voices of Russian Jewry: A Study of the Russian-Jewish Press of Odessa in the Era of the Great Reforms, 1860–1871 | publisher=E. J. Brill|location=Leiden|year=1980 | isbn=978-90-04-06175-0 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=k_NSPGTuzH8C&pg=PA136 |page=136}}</ref> <ref name=posen>{{cite book|chapter=Fabius Mieses|title=Confronting Modernity, 1750–1880|series=The Posen Library of Jewish Culture and Civilization|date=26 November 2019|volume=6|editor-first=Elisheva|editor-last=Carlebach|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fZW8DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA362|pages=362–363|location=New Haven|publisher=Yale University Press|isbn=978-0-300-19000-7}}</ref> <ref name=schwartz_2002>{{cite book | last=Schwartz | first=Dov | title=Faith at the Crossroads: A Theological Profile of Religious Zionism|translator-first=Batya|translator-last=Stein | publisher=Brill|location=Leiden| year=2002 | isbn=978-90-04-12461-5 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=75jEho-2MgAC&pg=PA99|page=99}}</ref> <ref name=toury>{{cite book | last=Toury | first=Gideon | title=Descriptive Translation Studies—and Beyond | publisher=John Benjamins Publishing Company|location=Amsterdam| year=2012 | isbn=978-90-272-2448-4 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0VD4ezwCZewC&pg=PA171| page=171}}</ref> <ref name=yivo>{{cite encyclopedia|title=Mieses, Fabius|first=Oded|last=Menda-Levy|translator-first=Rami|translator-last=Hann|url=https://yivoencyclopedia.org/article.aspx/Mieses_Fabius|encyclopedia=YIVO Encyclopedia of Jews in Eastern Europe|editor-first=Gershon|editor-last=Hundert|editor-link=Gershon Hundert|location=New Haven|publisher=Yale University Press|year=2008}}</ref> <ref name=zeitlin>{{cite encyclopedia|title=Mieses, Fabius|last=Zeitlin|first=William|author-link=William Zeitlin|encyclopedia=Bibliotheca hebraica post-Mendelssohniana|location=Leipzig|publisher=K. F. Koehler's Antiquarium|year=1890|language=de|page=240|url=https://archive.org/details/kiryatseferbibl00zeitgoog/page/n241/mode/2up}}</ref> <ref name=ginzig>{{cite book|title=Toldot ha-rav ha-ḥakham ha-meshorer veha-filosof Fabius Miezes|first=Azriel|last=Ginzig|author-link=Asriel Günzig|language=he|date=1890|location=Krakow|publisher=Josef Fischer|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ugk_AAAAYAAJ}}</ref> <ref name=ahiasaf>{{cite journal|title=Hazkarat neshamot|journal=Luaḥ Aḥiasaf|date=1899|location=Warsaw|publisher=Shuldberg|volume=7|language=he|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3gwYAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA380|pages=380–381}}</ref> <ref name=EJ>{{cite EJ|title=Mieses, Fabius|first=Getzel|last=Kressel|url=https://www.encyclopedia.com/religion/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/mieses-fabius}}</ref> }}
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Mieses, Fabius}} Category:1824 births Category:1898 deaths Category:19th-century Austrian philosophers Category:19th-century Austrian poets Category:19th-century Jews Category:19th-century Ukrainian poets Category:Expatriates from the Austrian Empire in Germany Category:Jews from the Austrian Empire Category:English–Hebrew translators Category:Hebrew-language poets Category:Historians of philosophy Category:Jewish philosophers Category:Jewish poets Category:Jewish translators Category:Jews from Galicia (Eastern Europe) Category:People from Brody Category:People of the Haskalah Category:People from the Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria Category:Philosophers of Judaism Category:Translators of William Shakespeare Category:Ukrainian philosophers Category:Ukrainian male writers Category:Writers from Leipzig