Fasciolariidae

{{Short description|Family of gastropods}} {{Automatic taxobox |image = Fusinus monksae.jpg |image_caption = A live image of ''Fusinus monksae'' |display_parents = 3 |taxon = Fasciolariidae |authority = Gray, 1853 |type_genus = ''Fasciolaria'' |type_genus_authority = Lamarck, 1799 |synonyms = }}

'''Fasciolariidae''' is a family of small to large sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Buccinoidea. Species in Fasciolariidae are commonly known as '''tulip snails''' and '''spindle snails'''.

The family Fasciolariidae most likely appeared about 110 million years ago during the Cretaceous period.<ref name="Snyder">{{cite book | author = Snyder M.A. | title = Catalogue of the marine gastropod family Fasciolariidae | year = 2003 | publisher= Academy of Natural Sciences | isbn = 9780910006576 |access-date=2010-08-08 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=9Ycn67QUAJIC&pg=PA1 }}</ref>

The recent species inhabit tropical to temperate waters.

==Description== The anatomy of Fasciolariidae and Buccinidae is very similar. Distinction is usually made on basis of differences in the radula and the stomach anatomy.<ref> [https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/42353453 Fraussen K., Kantor Y. & Hadorn R. 2007. Amiantofusus gen. nov. for Fusus amiantus Dall, 1889 (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Fasciolariidae) with description of a new and extensive Indo-West Pacific radiation. Novapex 8 (3–4): 79–101]</ref>

The shells are usually reddish in color and have a moderate to large size, reaching a height between 1.0 and 60 cm. The shells are spindle-shaped and biconic. The spire is elongated. The siphonal canal is well developed and is long to moderately long. The columella varies between a smooth appearance and showing spiral folds. The horny operculum has an oval shape. Their radula is characteristic with narrow central teeth with three cusps. The wide lateral teeth show numerous ctenoid (= comblike) cusps.

Snails in the family Fasciolariidae are carnivorous. They feed on other gastropods and on bivalves. Some also prey on worms and barnacles.

The snails are gonochoristic, i.e. the individuals have just one sex. The female snails deposit their eggs in horny capsules either in a single form or in clusters arranged around a hollow axis. The single forms have a flattened, disk-shaped, or vase-shaped form. The clusters are hemispherical or cylindrical. Development is usually direct. The larvae emerge from the capsules as free-swimming young or as crawling young.<ref name="Snyder"/>

==Taxonomy== According to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi (2005), the Fasciolariidae consist of the following subfamilies: * Clavilithinae Vermeij & Snyder, 2018 † * Fasciolariinae Gray, 1853 * Fusininae Wrigley, 1927 - synonyms: Fusinae Swainson, 1840 (inv.); Cyrtulidae MacDonald, 1869; Streptochetinae Cossmann, 1901 * Peristerniinae Tryon, 1880 - synonym: Latiridae Iredale, 1929

==Genera== Genera in the family Fasciolariidae include (fossil genera are marked with a dagger):<ref>{{ITIS |id=74171 |taxon=Fasciolariidae}}</ref><ref>[http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=23038 WoRMS : Fasciolariidae]</ref> ;subfamily Clavilithinae Vermeij & Snyder, 2018 † * † ''Africolithes'' Eames, 1957 * † ''Austrolithes'' Finlay, 1931 * † ''Chiralithes'' Olsson, 1930 * † ''Clavellofusus'' Grabau, 1904 * † ''Clavilithes'' Swainson, 1840 * † ''Cosmolithes'' Grabau, 1904 * † ''Mancorus'' Olsson, 1931 * † ''Papillina'' Conrad, 1855 * † ''Perulithes'' Olsson, 1930 * † ''Clavella'' Swainson, 1835 accepted as ''Clavilithes'' Swainson, 1840 † (Junior homonym of Clavella Oken, 1815. Has been renamed Clavilithes.) * † ''Rhopalithes'' Grabau, 1904 accepted as ''Clavilithes'' Swainson, 1840 † (objective synonym) * † ''Turrispira'' Conrad, 1866 accepted as ''Clavilithes'' Swainson, 1840 † * † ''Daphnobela'' Cossmann, 1896 * † ''Euthriofusus'' Cossmann, 1901 ;subfamily Fasciolariinae {{div col|colwidth=30em}} * ''Fasciolaria'' Lamarck, 1799 - type genus, the Tulip shells * ''Africolaria'' Snyder, Vermeij & Lyons, 2012 * ''Aurantilaria'' Snyder, Vermeij & Lyons, 2012 * ''Australaria'' Snyder, Vermeij & Lyons, 2012 * ''Bellifusus'' Stephenson, 1941 † * ''Boltenella'' Wade, 1917 † * ''Brucia'' Cossmann, 1920 † * ''Calkota'' Squires & Saul, 2003 * ''Cinctura'' Hollister, 1957 * ''Conradconfusus'' Snyder, 2002 † * ''Cryptorhytis'' Meek, 1876 † * ''Drilliovoluta'' Cossmann, 1925 † * ''Drilluta'' Wade, 1916 † * ''Filifusus'' Snyder, Vermeij & Lyons, 2012 * ''Glaphyrina'' Finlay, 1926 * ''Granolaria'' Snyder, Vermeij & Lyons, 2012 * ''Haplovoluta'' Wade, 1918 † * ''Hercorhyncus'' Conrad, 1869 † * ''Hylus'' Wade, 1917 † * ''Kilburnia'' Snyder, Vermeij & Lyons, 2012 * ''Liochlamys'' Dall, 1889 † * ''Lirofusus'' Conrad, 1865 † * ''Lugubrilaria'' Snyder, Vermeij & Lyons, 2012 * ''Lyonsifusus'' Vermeij & Snyder, 2018 * ''Mariafusus'' Petuch, 1988 † * ''Micasarcina'' Squires & Saul, 2003 † * ''Microcolus'' Cotton & Godfrey, 1932 * ''Microfulgur'' Finlay & Marwick, 1937 * ''Mylecoma'' Squires & Saul, 2003 † * ''Odontofusus'' Whitfield, 1892 † * ''Paleopsephaea'' Wade, 1926 † * ''Parafusus'' Wade, 1918 † * ''Perse'' B.L. Clark, 1918 † * ''Piestochilus'' Meek, 1864 † * ''Plectocion'' Stewart, 1927 † * ''Pleia'' Finlay, 1930 * ''Pleuroploca'' P. Fischer, 1884 * ''Pliculofusus'' Snyder, Vermeij & Lyons, 2012 † * ''Saginafusus'' Iredale, 1931 * ''Scobina'' Wade, 1917 † * ''Serrifusus'' Meek, 1876 † * ''Skyles'' Saul & Popenoe, 1993 † * ''Terebraspira'' Conrad, 1862 † * ''Trichifusus'' Bandel, 2000 † * ''Triplofusus'' Olsson & Harbison, 1953 * ''Wadia'' Cossmann, 1920 † * ''Whitneyella'' Stewart, 1927 † * ''Woodsella'' Wade, 1926 † {{div col end}}

;subfamily Fusininae * ''Fusus'' Bruguière, 1789 : synonym of ''Fusinus'' Rafinesque, 1815 {{div col|colwidth=30em}} * ''Aegeofusinus'' Russo, 2017 * ''Africofusus'' Vermeij & Snyder, 2018 * ''Amiantofusus'' Fraussen, Kantor & Hadorn, 2007 * † ''Angustifusus'' Vermeij & Snyder, 2018 * ''Apertifusus'' Vermeij & Snyder, 2018 * ''Aptyxis'' Troschel, 1868 * ''Araiofusus'' Callomon & Snyder, 2017 * ''Ariefusus'' Vermeij & Snyder, 2018 * ''Aristofusus'' Vermeij & Snyder, 2018 * ''Barbarofusus'' Grabau & Shimer, 1909 * ''Callifusus'' Vermeij & Snyder, 2018 * ''Chryseofusus'' Hadorn & Fraussen, 2003 * ''Cyrtulus'' Hinds, 1843 - ''Cyrtulus serotinus'' Hinds, 1843 * ''Enigmofusus'' Vermeij & Snyder, 2018 * † ''Eofusus'' Vermeij & Snyder, 2018 * ''Falsicolus'' Finlay, 1930 * ''Falsifusus'' Grabau, 1904 † * ''Fredenia'' Cadée & Janssen, 1994 † * ''Fusinus'' Rafinesque, 1815 - type genus of the subfamily Fusininae * ''Gemmocolus'' Maxwell, 1992 † * ''Goniofusus'' Vermeij & Snyder, 2018 * ''Gracilipurpura'' Jousseaume, 1880 * ''Granulifusus'' Kuroda & Habe, 1954 * ''Harasewychia'' Petuch, 1987 * ''Harfordia'' Dall, 1921 * ''Heilprinia'' Grabau, 1904 * ''Helolithus'' Agassiz, 1846 † * ''Hesperaptyxis'' Snyder & Vermeij, 2016 * ''Lepidocolus'' Maxwell, 1992 † * ''Liracolus'' Maxwell, 1992 † * ''Lyonsifusus'' Vermeij & Snyder, 2018 * ''Marmorofusus'' Snyder & Lyons, 2014 * ''Okutanius'' Kantor, Fedosov, Snyder & Bouchet, 2018 * ''Ollaphon'' Iredale, 1929 * ''Priscofusus'' Conrad, 1865 † * ''Profusinus'' Bandel, 2000 † * ''Propefusus'' Iredale, 1924 * ''Pseudaptyxis'' Petuch, 1988 † * ''Pullincola'' de Gregorio, 1894 † * ''Remera'' Stephenson, 1941 † * ''Rhopalithes'' Grabau, 1904 † * ''Simplicifusus'' Kira, 1972 * ''Solutofusus'' Pritchard, 1898 † * ''Spirilla'' Agassiz, 1842 † * ''Streptocarina'' Hinsch, 1977 † * ''Streptochetus'' Cossmann, 1889 † * ''Streptodictyon'' Tembrock, 1961 † * ''Streptolathyrus'' Cossmann, 1901 † * ''Tectifusus'' Tate, 1893 † * ''Trophonofusus'' Kuroda & Habe, 1971 * ''Turrispira'' Conrad, 1866 † * ''Vermeijius'' Kantor, Fedosov, Snyder & Bouchet, 2018 * ''Viridifusus'' Snyder, Vermeij & Lyons, 2012 {{div col end}}

;subfamily Peristerniinae {{div col|colwidth=30em}} * ''Peristernia'' Mörch, 1852 - type genus of the subfamily Peristerniinae * ''Aptycholathyrus'' Cossman & Pissarro, 1905 † * ''Ascolatirus'' Bellardi, 1884 † * ''Benimakia'' Habe, 1958 * ''Brocchitas'' Finlay, 1927 † * ''Bullockus'' Lyons & Snyder, 2008 * ''Dennantia'' Tate, 1888 † * ''Dentifusus'' Vermeij & Rosenberg, 2003 * ''Eolatirus'' Bellardi, 1884 † * ''Exilifusus'' Conrad, 1865 † * ''Fractolatirus'' Iredale, 1936 * ''Fusolatirus'' Kuroda & Habe, 1971 * ''Hemipolygona'' Rovereto, 1899 * ''Lathyropsis'' Oostingh, 1939 † * ''Latirofusus'' Cossmann, 1889 * ''Latirogona'' Laws, 1944 † * ''Latirolagena'' Harris, 1897 * ''Latirulus'' Cossmann, 1889 * ''Latirus'' Montfort, 1810 * ''Leucozonia'' Gray, 1847 * ''Lightbournus'' Lyons & Snyder, 2008 * ''Liochlamys'' Dall, 1889 † * ''Mazzalina'' Conrad, 1960 † * ''Neolatirus'' Bellardi, 1884 † * ''Nodolatirus'' Bouchet & Snyder, 2013 * ''Nodopelagia'' Hedley, 1915 * ''Opeatostoma'' Berry, 1958 * ''Plesiolatirus'' Bellardi, 1884 † * ''Plicatella'' Swainson, 1840 * ''Polygona'' Schumacher, 1817 * ''Psammostoma'' Vermeij & Snyder, 2002 † * ''Pseudolatirus'' Bellardi, 1884<ref>WoRMS (2010). ''Pseudolatirus'' Bellardi, 1884. In: Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S.; Rosenberg, G. (2010) World Marine Mollusca database. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=446090 on 2010-08-01</ref> * ''Pustulatirus'' Vermeij & Snyder, 2006 * ''Ruscula'' Casey, 1904 † * ''Streptopelma'' Cossmann, 1901 † * ''Tarantinaea'' Monterosato, 1917 * ''Taron'' Hutton, 1883 * ''Teralatirus'' Coomans, 1965 * ''Turrilatirus'' Vermeij & M.A. Snyder, 2006 {{div col end}} ; Subfamily ? * ''Crassibougia'' Stahlschmidt & Fraussen, 2012

<gallery style="text-align:center;" mode="packed"> Image:Aquilofusus semiglaber 01.JPG|''Aquilofusus semiglaber'' Image:Australaria australasia Tulip shell P1081524.jpg|''Australaria australasia'' Image:Benimakia marquesana 001.jpg|''Benimakia marquesana'' Image:Chryseofusus jurgeni 001.jpg|''Chryseofusus jurgeni'' Image:Cinctura hunteria 001.jpg|''Cinctura hunteria'' Image:Clavilithes laevigatus 01.JPG|''Clavilithes laevigatus'' Image:Dolicholatirus bairstowi 001.jpg|''Dolicholatirus bairstowi'' Image:Euthriofusus burdigalensis forma typica 01.JPG|''Euthriofusus burdigalensis'' Image:Fasciolaria scalarina 01.JPG|''Fasciolaria scalarina'' Image:Pleuroploca filamentosa 01.JPG|''Filifusus filamentosus'' Image:Fusinus polygonoides 01.JPG|''Fusinus polygonoides'' Image:Fusolatirus paetelianus 01.JPG|''Fusolatirus paetelianus'' Image:Granulifusus dondani 01.JPG|''Granulifusus dondani'' Image:Latirus polygonus 001.jpg|''Latirus polygonus'' Image:Opeatostoma pseudodon 39a.jpg|''Opeatostoma pseudodon'' Image:Peristernia nassatula 001.jpg|''Peristernia nassatula'' Image:Pleuroploca trapezium 01.JPG|''Pleuroploca trapezium'' Image:Pseudolatirus kuroseanus 01.JPG|''Pseudolatirus kuroseanus'' Image:Tarantinaea lignarius 01.JPG|''Tarantinaea lignarius'' Image:Turrilatirus turritus 01.JPG|''Turrilatirus turritus'' </gallery>

; Genera brought into synonymy: * ''Aptyxis'' Troschel, 1868: synonym of ''Fusinus'' Rafinesque, 1815 * ''Buccinofusus'' Conrad, 1868: synonym of ''Conradconfusus'' Snyder, 2002 † * ''Bulbifusus'' Conrad, 1865 †: synonym of ''Mazzalina'' Conrad, 1960 † * ''Chasca'' Clench & Aguayo, 1941: synonym of ''Chascax'' Watson, 1873: synonym of ''Hemipolygona'' Rovereto, 1899 * ''Chascax'' Watson, 1873: synonym of ''Hemipolygona'' Rovereto, 1899 * ''Cinctura'' Hollister, 1957: synonym of ''Fasciolaria'' Lamarck, 1799 * ''Clavella'' Swainson, 1835: synonym of ''Clavilithes'' Swainson, 1840 † * ''Cymatium'' Link, 1807: synonym of ''Latirus'' Montfort, 1810 * ''Exilifusus'' Gabb, 1876 †: synonym of ''Fusinus'' Rafinesque, 1815 * ''Fusilatirus'' McGinty, 1955: synonym of ''Dolicholatirus'' Bellardi, 1884 * ''Fusus'' Bruguière, 1789: synonym of ''Fusinus'' Rafinesque, 1815 * ''Gracilipurpura'' Jousseaume, 1881 †: synonym of ''Fusinus'' Rafinesque, 1815 * ''Heilprinia'' Grabau, 1904: synonym of ''Fusinus'' Rafinesque, 1815 * ''Iaeranea'' Rafinesque, 1815: synonym of ''Fasciolaria'' Lamarck, 1799 * ''Lagena'' Schumacher, 1817: synonym of ''Latirolagena'' Harris, 1897 * ''Lathyrus'' Schinz, 1825: synonym of ''Latirus'' Montfort, 1810 * ''Latirofusus'' Cossmann, 1889: synonym of ''Dolicholatirus'' Bellardi, 1884 * ''Latyrus'' Carpenter, 1857: synonym of ''Latirus'' Montfort, 1810 * ''Propefusus'' Iredale, 1924: synonym of ''Fusinus'' Rafinesque, 1815 * ''Pseudofusus'' Monterosato, 1884: synonym of ''Fusinus'' Rafinesque, 1815 * ''Pseudolatirus'' Cossmann, 1889 †: synonym of ''Streptolathyrus'' Cossmann, 1901 † * ''Simplicifusus'' Kira, 1972: synonym of ''Granulifusus'' Kuroda & Habe, 1954 * ''Sinistralia'' H. Adams & A. Adams, 1853: synonym of ''Fusinus'' Rafinesque, 1815 * ''Tarantinaea'' Monterosato, 1917: synonym of ''Fasciolaria'' Lamarck, 1799

==References== {{Commons category}} {{Wikispecies}} {{Reflist}}

Category:Fasciolariidae Category:Gastropod families Category:Taxa named by John Edward Gray