{{Short description|Book of Ezekiel, chapter 36}} {{Bible chapter|letname= Ezekiel 36 |previouslink= Ezekiel 35 |previousletter= chapter 35 |nextlink= Ezekiel 37 |nextletter= chapter 37 |book=Book of Ezekiel |biblepart=Old Testament | booknum= 26 |hbiblepart= Nevi'im | hbooknum = 7 |category= Latter Prophets | filename= Book of Ezekiel.jpg |size=242px | name= MS. Bodl. Or. 62, fol. 59a., Ezekiel 30:13–18. |caption=<div style="width: 242px; text-align: center; line-height: 1em">Book of Ezekiel 30:13–18 in an English manuscript from the early 13th century, MS. Bodl. Or. 62, fol. 59a. A Latin translation appears in the margins with further interlineations above the Hebrew.</div>}}
'''Ezekiel 36''' is the thirty-sixth chapter of the Book of Ezekiel in the Hebrew Bible or the Old Testament of the Christian Bible. This book contains the prophecies attributed to the prophet/priest Ezekiel, and is one of the Books of the Prophets.<ref>Theodore Hiebert, et al. 1996. ''The New Interpreter's Bible: Volume VI''. Nashville: Abingdon.</ref>{{page needed|date=January 2020}} This chapter contains two prophecies, one conveying "hope for the mountains of Israel" (verses 1–15) and one declaring that Israel's restoration is assured (verses 16–38).<ref>Section headings in the New International Version</ref> Biblical commentator Susan Galambush pairs the first of these with an oracle condemning Mount Seir in Edom in the previous chapter.<ref name=Galambush>Galambush, S., ''Ezekiel'' in Barton, J. and Muddiman, J. (2001), [https://b-ok.org/dl/946961/8f5f43 The Oxford Bible Commentary] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171122193211/http://b-ok.org/dl/946961/8f5f43 |date=2017-11-22 }}, pp. 556-7</ref>
==Text== The original text was written in the Hebrew language. This chapter is divided into 38 verses.
===Textual witnesses=== Some early manuscripts containing the text of this chapter in Hebrew are of the Masoretic Text tradition, which includes the Codex Cairensis (895), the Petersburg Codex of the Prophets (916), Aleppo Codex (10th century), and Codex Leningradensis (1008).{{sfn|Würthwein|1995|pp=35-37}} Fragments containing parts of this chapter were found among the Dead Sea Scrolls, that is, the Ezekiel Scroll from Masada (Mas 1d; MasEzek; 1–50 CE) with extant verses 1–10, 13–14, 17–35.<ref>{{Cite book|title = A Guide to the Dead Sea Scrolls and Related Literature|last = Fitzmyer|first = Joseph A.| authorlink = Joseph Fitzmyer | publisher = William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company| url= https://books.google.com/books?id=TILXeWJ2eNAC | year = 2008 | pages = 149 |isbn = 9780802862419 | location = Grand Rapids, MI | access-date= February 15, 2019}}</ref><ref name=thewaytoyahuweh>[https://thewaytoyahuweh.com/dead-sea-scrolls/general-info/#ezekiel Dead sea scrolls - Ezekiel]</ref><ref>[https://www.deadseascrolls.org.il/explore-the-archive/manuscript/Mas%201d-1 Mas 1d at the Leon Levy Dead Sea Scrolls Digital Library]</ref>
There is also a translation into Koine Greek known as the Septuagint, made in the last few centuries BCE. Extant ancient manuscripts of the Septuagint version include Codex Vaticanus ('''B'''; <math> \mathfrak{G}</math><sup>B</sup>; 4th century), Codex Alexandrinus ('''A'''; <math> \mathfrak{G}</math><sup>A</sup>; 5th century) and Codex Marchalianus ('''Q'''; <math> \mathfrak{G}</math><sup>Q</sup>; 6th century).{{sfn|Würthwein|1995|pp=73-74}}{{efn|Ezekiel is missing from the extant Codex Sinaiticus.<ref>{{cite book| last= Shepherd|first= Michael |title= A Commentary on the Book of the Twelve: The Minor Prophets | series= Kregel Exegetical Library | publisher= Kregel Academic | year= 2018 |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=_iNZDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA13|isbn= 978-0825444593 | page= 13}}</ref>}}
==Verse 1== : ''"And you, son of man, prophesy to the mountains of Israel, and say,'' :: ''‘O mountains of Israel, hear the word of the Lord!’"'' (NKJV)<ref>{{bibleref2|Ezekiel|36:1|NKJV}}</ref> * "Son of man" (Hebrew: <big>בן־אדם</big> ''{{Strong-number|ḇen|H|01121}}-{{Strong-number|’ā-ḏām|H|00120}}''): this phrase is used 93 times to address Ezekiel.{{sfn|Bromiley|1995|p=574}} * "Mountains of Israel" (Hebrew: <big>הרי ישראל</big> {{Strong-number|''hā-rê''|H|02022}} {{Strong-number|''yiś-rā-’êl''|H|03478}}): refers to "the land of Israel", called "the ancient heights" (verse 2) as the highlands and the hill country are central to its geography.<ref name=newoxford>The New Oxford Annotated Bible with the Apocrypha, Augmented Third Edition, New Revised Standard Version, Indexed. Michael D. Coogan, Marc Brettler, Carol A. Newsom, Editors. Publisher: Oxford University Press, USA; 2007. p. 1231-1233 Hebrew Bible. {{ISBN|978-0195288810}}</ref>
==Verse 2== : ''Thus says the Lord God: “Because the enemy has said of you,'' :: ''‘Aha! The ancient heights have become our possession,’”'' (NKJV)<ref>{{bibleref2|Ezekiel|36:2|NKJV}}</ref> * "Aha" (Hebrew: <big>הֶאָ֔ח</big>, {{Strong-number|''he-’āḥ''|H|01889}}): an interjection to express joy or "satisfaction over the misfortune of an enemy or rival" as in {{bibleref2|Isaiah|44:16}}; {{bibleref2|Psalm|35:21, 25}}; {{bibleref2|Psalm|40:16}} and {{bibleref2|Ezekiel|25:3}}.{{sfn|Brown|Briggs|Driver|1994|ps={{sp}}"הֶאָ֔ח"}}{{sfn|Gesenius|1979|ps={{sp}}"הֶאָ֔ח"}}
==See also== *Edom *Israel *Jerusalem *Related Bible parts: Jeremiah 31, Romans 11
==Notes== {{Notelist}}
==References== {{Reflist}}
==Bibliography== * {{cite book | last = Bromiley | first = Geoffrey W. | title = International Standard Bible Encyclopedia: vol. iv, Q-Z | year = 1995 | publisher = Eerdmans | isbn = 9780802837844 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=6OJvO2jMCr8C&q=%22an+awkward+and+an+ambiguous+expression+in+Greek%22&pg=PA574 }} * {{cite book | last1 = Brown | first1 = Francis | last2 = Briggs | first2 = Charles A. | last3 = Driver | first3 = S. R. | title = The Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew and English Lexicon | year = 1994 | edition = reprint | publisher = Hendrickson Publishers | isbn = 978-1565632066 }} *{{Cite book |last = Clements |first = Ronald E |title = Ezekiel |publisher = Westminster John Knox Press |year = 1996 |url = https://books.google.com/books?id=cB5WoWI3FRAC&q=Ezekiel++By+Ronald+Ernest+Clements&pg=PA216 |isbn = 9780664252724 }} * {{cite book | last = Gesenius | first = H. W. F. | title = Gesenius' Hebrew and Chaldee Lexicon to the Old Testament Scriptures: Numerically Coded to Strong's Exhaustive Concordance, with an English Index. | translator-last = Tregelles | translator-first = Samuel Prideaux | year = 1979 | edition = 7th | publisher = Baker Book House }} *{{Cite book |last =Joyce |first =Paul M. |title =Ezekiel: A Commentary |publisher =Continuum |year =2009 |url =https://books.google.com/books?id=LRepfsso2p0C&q=commentary+Ezekiel |isbn =9780567483614 }} * {{cite book | title = The Nelson Study Bible | year = 1997 | publisher = Thomas Nelson, Inc. | isbn = 9780840715999 }} *{{cite book | last = Würthwein | first = Ernst | authorlink = Ernst Würthwein | title = The Text of the Old Testament | publisher = Wm. B. Eerdmans |location = Grand Rapids, MI | year= 1995 | translator-first1 = Erroll F.| translator-last1 = Rhodes |isbn = 0-8028-0788-7 | url= https://books.google.com/books?id=FSNKSBObCYwC | access-date= January 26, 2019}}
==External links==
===Jewish=== *[http://www.mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt1236.htm Ezekiel 36 Hebrew with Parallel English] *[http://www.chabad.org/library/bible_cdo/aid/16134 Ezekiel 36 Hebrew with Rashi's Commentary]
===Christian=== *[http://www.latinvulgate.com/lv/verse.aspx?t=0&b=31&c=36 Ezekiel 36 English Translation with Parallel Latin Vulgate] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170421192225/http://www.latinvulgate.com/lv/verse.aspx?t=0&b=31&c=36 |date=2017-04-21 }}
{{Book of Ezekiel}}
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