{{Infobox medical condition (new) | name = | synonym = Chondroma of soft parts | image = File:Chondroma of Soft Parts MRI.jpg| | image_size = | alt = | caption = Chondroma of the soft parts located in the little toe. | pronounce = | specialty = Dermatology | symptoms = | complications = | onset = | duration = | types = | causes = | risks = | diagnosis = | differential = | prevention = | treatment = | medication = | prognosis = | frequency = | deaths = }} '''Extraskeletal chondroma''' is a cutaneous condition, a rare benign tumor of mature cartilage.<ref name="Bolognia">{{cite book |author=Rapini, Ronald P. |author2=Bolognia, Jean L. |author3=Jorizzo, Joseph L. |title=Dermatology: 2-Volume Set |publisher=Mosby |location=St. Louis |year=2007 |isbn=978-1-4160-2999-1 }}</ref>
== Signs and symptoms == An extraskeletal chondroma often manifests clinically as a nodular soft tissue mass that steadily enlarges without discomfort and may exist for varying lengths of time before diagnosis.<ref name="Diagnostic Possibility">{{cite journal | last1=Adaletli | first1=Ibrahim | last2=Laor | first2=Tal | last3=Yin | first3=Hong | last4=Podberesky | first4=Daniel J. | title=Extraskeletal Chondroma: Another Diagnostic Possibility for a Soft Tissue Axillary Mass in an Adolescent | journal=Case Reports in Orthopedics | volume=2011 | year=2011 | doi=10.1155/2011/309328 | doi-access=free | pages=1–4| pmid=23198206 | pmc=3505889 }}</ref> The fingers and toes are the most often affected areas.<ref name="RadioGraphics">{{cite journal | last1=Kransdorf | first1=M J | last2=Meis | first2=J M | title=From the archives of the AFIP. Extraskeletal osseous and cartilaginous tumors of the extremities. | journal=RadioGraphics | volume=13 | issue=4 | year=1993 | doi=10.1148/radiographics.13.4.8356273 | pages=853–884| pmid=8356273 }}</ref> The tumor is oval in shape and clearly defined; it rarely has a diameter more than 3 cm.<ref name="Index Finger">{{cite journal | last1=Saito | first1=Masato | last2=Nishimoto | first2=Kazumasa | last3=Nakayama | first3=Robert | last4=Kikuta | first4=Kazutaka | last5=Nakamura | first5=Masaya | last6=Matsumoto | first6=Morio | last7=Morioka | first7=Hideo | title=Extraskeletal Chondroma of the Index Finger: A Case Report | journal=Case Reports in Oncology | volume=10 | issue=2 | date=2017-06-06 | pmid=28690520 | pmc=5498964 | doi=10.1159/000477237 | pages=479–484}}</ref>
== Causes == Rather of coming from mature osseous or cartilaginous tissue, it is believed that this tumor originates from the fibrous stroma of soft tissues.<ref name="Diagnostic Possibility" /> Micro trauma that occurs repeatedly could be the trigger.<ref name="Literature Review">{{cite journal | title=Soft Tissue Chondroma: A Case Report and Literature Review | journal=Oman Medical Journal | year=2009 | doi=10.5001/omj.2009.60 | last1=Bahnassy | last2=Abdul-Khalik | volume=24 | issue=4 | pages=296–299 | pmid=22216384 | pmc=3243868 }}</ref>
== Diagnosis == A positive diagnosis can only be made through a histological analysis.<ref name="Literature Review"/> An extraskeletal osteochondroma may show up on traditional radiography as a well-circumscribed, lobulated mass with intense core mineralization.<ref name="d321">{{cite journal | last1=Papagelopoulos | first1=Panayiotis J. | last2=Savvidou | first2=Olga D. | last3=Mavrogenis | first3=Andreas F. | last4=Chloros | first4=George D. | last5=Papaparaskeva | first5=Kleo Th. | last6=Soucacos | first6=Panayotis N. | title=Extraskeletal chondroma of the foot | journal=Joint Bone Spine | volume=74 | issue=3 | year=2007 | doi=10.1016/j.jbspin.2006.06.014 | pages=285–288 | pmid=17382569 }}</ref> The extraskeletal position of the mass can be verified by CT, which can also reveal foci of ossification or calcification that help narrow the diagnosis to extraskeletal chondroma.<ref name="a966">{{cite journal | last1=Singh | first1=R | last2=Sharma | first2=AK | last3=Magu | first3=NK | last4=Kaur | first4=KP | last5=Sen | first5=R | last6=Magu | first6=S | title=Extraskeletal Osteochondroma in the Nape of the Neck: A Case Report | journal=Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery | volume=14 | issue=2 | year=2006 | doi=10.1177/230949900601400217 | pages=192–195| pmid=16914787 | doi-access=free }}</ref> The most effective radiologic method is magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), which is able to characterize the tumor's extent, contour, shape, and intensity as well as its relationship to any calcifications or surrounding structures.<ref name="Literature Review"/>
According to histopathology, the tumor has a lot of lobular structures and certain sections that resemble mucus-containing hyaline cartilage. Eosinophilic cells with a spindle or circular form are sparsely distributed throughout the tumor matrix. Tumor cells enlarge and take on a rounded appearance, resembling hyaline cartilage. Incomplete lacuna-like voids can occasionally occur in the surrounding matrix. In few circumstances, multinuclear cells and nuclear atypia are present in benign chondroma as well.<ref name="Index Finger"/>
== Treatment == The only effective treatment is surgery, however recurrence is frequent.<ref name="m144">{{cite journal | last1=Kakamad | first1=Fahmi H. | last2=Salih | first2=Abdulwahid M. | last3=hassan | first3=Marwan N. | last4=Mohammed | first4=Shvan H. | last5=Abdullah | first5=Ari M. | title=A rare presentation of soft tissue chondroma: A case report | journal=International Journal of Surgery Case Reports | volume=72 | year=2020 | doi=10.1016/j.ijscr.2020.06.045 | pages=426–428| pmid=32563835 | pmc=7306534 }}</ref>
== See also == * List of cutaneous conditions
== References == {{reflist}}
== Further reading == * {{cite journal | last1=Le Corroller | first1=Thomas | last2=Bouvier-Labit | first2=Corinne | last3=Champsaur | first3=Pierre | title=Diffuse mineralization of forearm extraskeletal chondroma | journal=Joint Bone Spine | volume=75 | issue=4 | year=2008 | doi=10.1016/j.jbspin.2007.06.019 | pages=479–481 | pmid=18439866 | ref=none}} * {{cite journal | last1=Schwaiger | first1=Karl | last2=Ensat | first2=Florian | last3=Neureiter | first3=Daniel | last4=Wechselberger | first4=Gottfried | last5=Hladik | first5=Michaela | title=Trigger Finger Caused by Extraskeletal Chondroma | journal=The Journal of Hand Surgery (American Volume) | volume=42 | issue=1 | year=2017 | doi=10.1016/j.jhsa.2016.10.003 | pages=e51–e55 | pmid=27817941 | ref=none}}
== External links == * [https://www.pathologyoutlines.com/topic/softtissueeskchondroma.html Pathology Outlines]
{{Medical resources | ICD11 = <!-- {{ICD11|Xxx.x}} --> | ICD10 = {{ICD10|D21.9}} | ICD10CM = <!-- {{ICD10CM|Xxx.xxxx}} --> | ICD9 = <!-- {{ICD9|xxx}} --> | ICDO = | OMIM = | MeshID = | DiseasesDB = | SNOMED CT = 404078000 | Curlie = | MedlinePlus = | eMedicineSubj = | eMedicineTopic = | PatientUK = | NCI = | GeneReviewsNBK = | GeneReviewsName = | NORD = | GARDNum = | GARDName = | RP = 86716 | AO = | WO = | OrthoInfo = | Orphanet = | Scholia = Q18975622 | OB = }}
{{Osseous and chondromatous tumors}}
Category:Dermal and subcutaneous growths Category:Osseous and chondromatous neoplasia