Executive Order 13771

{{Short description|2017 US Presidential executive order}} {{Use mdy dates|date=February 2017}} {{Use American English|date=February 2017}} {{Infobox U.S. Presidential Document | longtitle = Reducing Regulation and Controlling Regulatory Costs | name = | othershorttitles = | shorttitle = | depiction = | depictioncaption = | depictionalt = | documentimage = Executive Order 13771.pdf | documentcaption = Executive Order 13771 in the Federal Register | type = executive order | signedpresident = Donald Trump | signeddate = {{start date|2017|01|30}} | publicationdate = {{start date|2017|02|03}} | summary = Directs agencies to:{{bullet list|identify at least two existing regulations for repeal in place of every new regulation;|manage expenditure so that the total cost of new regulations does not increase.}} }}

'''Executive Order 13771''', titled "'''Reducing Regulation and Controlling Regulatory Costs'''", was an executive order signed by U.S. President Donald Trump on January 30, 2017.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://trumpwhitehouse.archives.gov/presidential-actions/presidential-executive-order-reducing-regulation-controlling-regulatory-costs/|title=Presidential Executive Order on Reducing Regulation and Controlling Regulatory Costs |date=2017-01-30|website=White House|language=en|access-date=2021-01-21}}</ref>

On January 20, 2021, President Joe Biden rescinded the executive order.<ref name=Rescind>{{Cite web|url=https://bidenwhitehouse.archives.gov/briefing-room/presidential-actions/2021/01/20/executive-order-revocation-of-certain-executive-orders-concerning-federal-regulation/|title=Executive Order on Revocation of Certain Executive Orders Concerning Federal Regulation |date=2021-01-20|website=White House|language=en|access-date=2021-01-21}}</ref>

== Provisions == Executive Order 13771 required any executive department or agency planning to publicly announce a new regulation to propose at least two regulations to be repealed. The cost of the implementation of these new regulations was supposed to be less than or equal to 0 dollars. If costs above 0 dollars were accrued, the payment of these costs were to be funded through the elimination of more regulations. Advice on the financial aspect of these matters was provided by the director of the Office of Management and Budget.<ref name=":03">{{Cite news|url=https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2017/02/03/2017-02451/reducing-regulation-and-controlling-regulatory-costs|title=Reducing Regulation and Controlling Regulatory Costs|date=2017-02-03|work=Federal Register|access-date=2017-03-10}}</ref> Under the executive order, it was up to the director to notify agencies of their total incremental costs for a given year. The director was allowed to issue both increases or decreases in said costs. The director also had the authority to exempt regulations/agencies from compliance with the Executive Order.<ref name=":03"/>

== Lawsuit == In February 2017, Public Citizen, Natural Resources Defense Council, and Communications Workers of America filed a lawsuit seeking to block implementation of the Executive Order 13771. The plaintiffs argued that Trump's executive order unconstitutionally violated the separation of powers; violated the Constitution's Take Care Clause; and would force federal agencies to violate governing statutes, like the Administrative Procedure Act which establishes the way agencies pass regulations, by forcing agencies to repeal beneficial regulations and arbitrarily preventing new regulations to be passed.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=http://www.citizen.org/documents/Complaint-Public-Citizen-NRDC-CWA-v-Donald-Trump.pdf|title=PC, NRDC, CWA v. Donald J. Trump|access-date=March 18, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170215080135/http://www.citizen.org/documents/Complaint-Public-Citizen-NRDC-CWA-v-Donald-Trump.pdf|archive-date=February 15, 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nrdc.org/sites/default/files/background-on-2-for-1-lawsuit-20170208.pdf|title=Background on 2 for 1 Lawsuit|website=NRDC}}</ref> The plaintiffs alleged that the executive order would also endanger public health, safety, and the environment and will force federal agencies to violate current governing statutes by ignoring the non-financial benefits current and potential regulations bring to the public.<ref name=":1"/>{{efn|In particular, the lawsuit cited several regulations that would be adversely affected, including the Motor Vehicle Safety Act, Motor Carrier Safety Act, Occupational Safety and Health Act, Mine Safety and Health Act. Toxic Substance Control Act, Hazardous Materials Transportation Act, Federal Railroad Safety Act, Federal Water Pollution Control Act, Energy Policy and Conservation Act, Endangered Species Act, and Clean Air Act.}} Fourteen Republican-led states filed an amici curiae in support of the executive order.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Devaney|first1=Tim|title=Trump's 'One In, Two Out' Regulatory Policy Backed by 14 States|url=https://thehill.com/regulation/court-battles/329297-trumps-1-in-2-out-policy-backed-by-14-states/|website=The Hill|date=18 April 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Brief of Amici Curiae the States of West Virginia, Wisconsin, and 12 Other States|url=https://www.texasattorneygeneral.gov/files/epress/public_citizen_amicus_brief_(FILED)_(M0185127xCECC6)-c1.pdf|access-date=April 23, 2017|archive-date=April 23, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170423152042/https://www.texasattorneygeneral.gov/files/epress/public_citizen_amicus_brief_(FILED)_(M0185127xCECC6)-c1.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref>

In December 2019, U.S. District Judge Randolph D. Moss dismissed the case, concluding that plaintiffs lacked standing. The court found that "it is certainly plausible, and perhaps likely" that the executive order and accompanying OMB guidance "have delayed or derailed at least some regulatory actions that, if adopted, would materially benefit Plaintiffs or some of their members."<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.citizen.org/litigation/public-citizen-nrdc-and-cwa-v-trump-et-al/|title=Public Citizen, NRDC, and CWA v. Donald Trump, et al.|publisher= Public Citizen|website=www.citizen.org}}</ref><ref name=2019Ruling>''[https://web.archive.org/web/20230109012007/https://casetext.com/case/pub-citizen-inc-v-trump-3 Pub. Citizen, Inc. v. Trump]'', 435 F. Supp. 3d 144 (D.D.C. 2019).</ref> However, the court found that this was insufficient to establish standing, since "it is hard to say with the requisite degree of confidence which actions those are, what would have occurred in the absence of the Executive Order, how any identifiable individual (or entity) is harmed, and whether any such harm—or risk of harm—is sufficient to establish standing," because the administration did not identify "whether and when a proposed ... regulatory action [has been] delayed or abandoned due to the requirements of the Executive Order."<ref name=2019Ruling/> The plaintiffs opted not to appeal the dismissal of the case.<ref>[https://www.safetyandhealthmagazine.com/articles/19380-public-citizen-we-wont-appeal-another-dismissal-of-2-for-1-regulatory-lawsuit Watchdog group won’t appeal latest dismissal of lawsuit against ‘2-for-1’ deregulatory order], ''Safety & Health Magazine'' (January 22, 2020).</ref>

==Rescission== Former Obama-era Director of the FTC's Bureau of Consumer Protection<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ftc.gov/about-ftc/biographies/david-vladeck|title = David Vladeck|date = July 31, 2013}}</ref> and Public Citizen Litigation Group lawyer David Vladeck called the executive order "unconstitutional, illegal and stupid," saying "if you really want to reduce the regulatory load, you can't use a shotgun, you have to use a scalpel."<ref>{{cite news|last1=Gerstein|first1=Josh|title=How Merrick Garland could torment Trump|url=https://secure.politico.com/story/2017/04/merrick-garland-donald-trump-regulations-237052|work=Politico|date=April 10, 2017|access-date=April 10, 2017|archive-date=November 6, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211106214225/https://secure.politico.com/story/2017/04/merrick-garland-donald-trump-regulations-237052|url-status=dead}}</ref>

President Joe Biden rescinded the executive order, along with certain other Trump executive orders, on January 20, 2021, his first day in office.<ref name=Rescind/>

==Notes== {{notelist}}

==References== {{reflist}}

==External links== {{wikisource|Executive Order 13771}} * [https://www.federalregister.gov/executive-order/13771 Full text of the executive order] via the Federal Register

Category:2017 in American politics Category:2017 documents Category:Executive orders of Donald Trump