{{Short description|New Zealand politician}} {{Use dmy dates|date=November 2025}} {{Use New Zealand English|date=July 2014}} {{Infobox officeholder | name = Ewen William Alison | image = Ewen Alison.jpg | image_size = | caption = Alison in 1913 | birth_name = | birth_date = {{birth date|df=yes|1852|2|29}} | birth_place = Auckland, New Zealand | death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|1945|6|6|1852|2|29}} | death_place = Takapuna, Auckland | order1 = 2nd Mayor of Devonport | term_start1 = 1890 | term_end1 = 1895 | predecessor2 = Malcolm Niccol | successor2 = William Handley | term_start2 = 1902 | term_end2 = 1907 | relations = Jean Barlett (granddaughter) <br> Alexander Alison (father) | other_names = | known_for = Contributions to local politics and business | occupation = Politician, businessman, shipping company director | nickname = The Honorable E. W. | party = Conservative | other_party = Independent Conservative | term_start3 = September 1913 | order3 = 1st Mayor of Takapuna | order4 = MHR for Waitemata in the 15th New Zealand Parliament | order5 = MHR for Waitemata in the 16th New Zealand Parliament | predecessor1 = Malcolm Niccol | successor1 = Malcolm Niccol | term_end3 = May 1914 | successor3 = William Blomfield | honorific_prefix = The Honourable | predecessor4 = Richard Monk | term_end4 = 1905 | term_start4 = 1902 | term_end5 = 1908 | term_start5 = 1906 | term_start6 = 7 May 1918 | term_end6 = 6 May 1925 | order6 = Member of the Legislative Council | successor5 = Leonard Phillips | term_end7 = 6 May 1932 | term_start7 = 7 May 1925 | title = | title1 = | Title = | spouse = Mary Ann Coleman | children = 6 }}
'''Ewen William Alison''' (29 February 1852 – 6 June 1945) was a businessman and politician from late 1800's New Zealand. He involved the inception and development of the North Shore and is locally referred to as the Father of both Devonport and Takapuna.<ref name=":2">{{Cite book |title=Takapuna: People and Places |publisher=Arrow Press Limited |year=1989 |isbn=0 473 00788 6 |editor-last=Bartlett |editor-first=Jean |location=Morrinsville, New Zealand |pages=50–52 |language=en}}</ref> He participated in local and national politics, serving as Mayor for both Takapuna and Devonport, on several boards and sat in both the House of Representatives (1902–1908) and the Legislative Council (1918–1932) of New Zealand.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Laxon |first=W. A. |year=1993 |title=Alison, Ewen William |url=https://teara.govt.nz/en/biographies/2a6/alison-ewen-william |url-status= |access-date=16 January 2025 |website=Te Ara: Ngā Tāngata Taumata Rau Dictionary of New Zealand Biography |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last=Verran |first=David |title=The North Shore: An Illustrated History |publisher=Random House |year=2010 |isbn=978 1 86979 312 8 |location=Glenfield, New Zealand |pages=186–191 |language=en}}</ref> He was also the co-founder and chairperson of the Devonport Ferry Company with his brother Alexander Jr.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" />
== Early life == Ewen William Alison was born in Auckland, New Zealand, on 29 February 1852 to Scottish settlers Jane Cameron and Alexander Alison. His father was a shipwright.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> and moved his family from Auckland to Devonport in 1854 as it became the next locum of shipbuilding in New Zealand, and subsequently Alexander became Devonport's first major shipbuilder.<ref name=":1" /> Alison continued to live on the North Shore for most of the rest of his life.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" />
He was educated at St Mary's School, Devonport. At 13, he finished school and became employed as a type compositor at the New Zealand Herald, but in 1867, he departed Auckland to be a part of the Coromandel Gold Rush, where he earned a small amount of money.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" />
== Business career == The money he earned from the gold rush was enough to kickstart a career in butchering with his brother Alexander Jr. They purchased a store in Devonport and sold their products on horse and cart throughout the area, raised livestock and purchased bones that they used to grind down into fertiliser. This lasted for 14 years.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" />
=== Devonport Steam Company === In 1881, Alison and Alexander Jr. founded the Devonport Steam Ferry Company, providing steam ferries and buses for the Devonport area.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":0" /> He and his brother also bought sections of crown land and subdivided them into residential-sized properties which they would then on-sell.<ref name=":1" /> This was common practice at the time for influential members of the community and encouraged people to settle in the Devonport area but continue to work in the city.<ref name=":1" />
The company faced many challenges through its early years, beating off competition from George Quick and his steam ferries ''Eagle'' and ''Osprey'' in 1887 and 1888, as well as the depressed economic conditions of the late 1880's and early 1890's.<ref name=":0"/><ref name=":1"/> But by the 1910's the Devonport Steam Ferry Company controlled all major harbour crossings on the Waitematā.<ref name=":0"/><ref name=":1"/> They faced one final competition in 1910 with the Takapuna Tramways and Ferry Company, which sailed from the newly made Bayswater wharf, but the company failed in 1927 and was absorbed by Devonport Steam Ferry Company.<ref name=":1"/> The Alison's took the absence of the Takapuna trams as an opportunity to found the North Shore Transport Company that year.<ref name=":1"/> They expanded bus services across the North Shore and became the main land transport service in the North Shore as well.<ref name=":1"/>
The Devonport Ferry Company produced several innovations in the ferry transport industry. They were the first to introduce what would become the standard for Auckland ferries – two-decked and double-ended, with wooden screws.<ref name=":0"/><ref name=":1"/> They also introduced the first vehicular ferry, which could transport horses and carts across the harbour.<ref name=":0"/><ref name=":1"/>
Alison was also involved in many other business ventures. He was involved in all of the aspects of providing coal for his steam-powered ferries, including shipping on the Kaipara Harbour, and the coal mining itself.<ref name=":0"/><ref name=":1"/> He was chairman for the Northern Coal Company as well as the founder and chair for 44 years of Taupiri Coal Mines Ltd.<ref name=":0"/><ref name=":1"/> He was the director for Waikato Carbonisation Ltd and president of the New Zealand Coal Mine Owner's Association.<ref name=":0"/><ref name=":1"/> He also chaired several Auckland goldmining companies.<ref name=":0"/><ref name=":1"/>
As an employer, Alison was anti-union.<ref name=":0"/><ref name=":1"/> From 1902, he served on the Auckland Conciliation Board, which worked with local employers and unions to avoid conflicts being taken to the Arbitration Court.<ref name=":1"/> He expressed concerns towards the Trades and Labour Councils, and very much opposed the new wave of 'Red' Federation of Labour movement pre-WWI.<ref name=":0"/><ref name=":1"/> He encouraged the Auckland branch of the Employers' Federation to create a nationwide defense fund that could be used in the event of union unrest or a general strike.<ref name=":0"/><ref name=":1"/> This became policy in 1912.<ref name=":1"/> He supported his fellow employers in defeating the Auckland general labourer's union in their dispute against Auckland City Council in 1912 and in defeating the water-siders' union in 1913, further insisting that any water-siders or seafarers involved in the strike be blacklisted.<ref name=":0"/><ref name=":1"/>
== Political career == Alison was an incredibly active member of local politics. His first political position was as a Councillor of the Waitemata County Council representing Takapuna Riding in 1876 at 24 years of age for five years.<ref>{{Cite news |date=16 November 1878 |title=Page 3 Advertisements Column 1 |url=https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/AS18781116.2.24.1 |url-status= |access-date=17 January 2025 |work=Auckland Star |page=3 |volume=IX |issue=2677}}</ref><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":0" /> He went on to represent the Riding twice more from 1884 to 1887 and 1899 to 1902.<ref name=":1" /> He also was elected as a member of the Devonport Road Board in May 1884 until its dissolution in June 1886.{{NZ parlbox header|nolist=true|align=right}} {{NZ parlbox |start = {{NZ election link year|1902}} |end = 1905 |term = 15th |electorate = {{NZ electorate link|Waitemata}} |party = Independent politician }} {{NZ parlbox |start = {{NZ election link year|1905}} |end = 1908 |term = 16th |electorate = Waitemata |party = Independent politician }} {{End}} He was then elected onto the newly formed Devonport Borough Council and served for two years.<ref name=":1" /> In 1890, he was elected as Mayor of Devonport and served from 1890 to 1895 and then was elected again in 1902 to 1907. In the interim between these two terms he continued to serve on the Borough Council as a Councillor.<ref name=":1" /> While Alison served on the Devonport Borough Council, he was also part of the Auckland Harbour Board from 1891, serving four terms.<ref name=":2" /> His terms from 1891 to 1913 he served on behalf of ship-owners and due payers.<ref name=":1" /> From 1913 to 1929, he served on the Board as a government appointee.<ref name=":1" />
In 1906, Alison moved from Devonport to Takapuna, into his residence called Lochaber, and when Takapuna became a borough on 1 July 1913, he was elected its first mayor six weeks later on 15 August 1913.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite book |last=Verran |first=David |title=The North Shore: An Illustrated History |publisher=Random House |year=2010 |isbn=978 1 86979 312 8 |location=Glenfield, New Zealand |pages=126 |language=en}}</ref> He served for one year.
Alison also participated in national politics. He served as a Member of the House of Representatives (now referred to as an MP) representing the Waitemata area from 1902 to 1908 as an Independent Conservative.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":1" /> He won the Auckland electorate of Waitemata in the 1902 general election, and held it to 1908, when he retired.{{sfn|Scholefield|1950|p=92}} In 1905 Alison had been associated with the breakaway New Liberal Party led initially by Harry Bedford and Francis Fisher, but had left the group before the election in December. Alison contested the Waitemata electorate in the {{NZ election link|1911}}, but was eliminated in the first ballot.{{sfn|AtoJs 1911 election|1912|p=6}} After his term as Mayor of Takapuna, he went on to serve as a Member of the Legislative Council in 1918 to 1932, again representing the Waitemata, this time as part of the Reform Party.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":1" /> He was reappointed in 1925 and served until the expiry of his second term in 1932.{{sfn|Scholefield|1950|p=73}}
== Personal life == Alison was described as "outgoing, personable and always ready with an opinion.'<ref name=":1"/> He married Mary Ann Coleman at St Andrews Anglican Church in Epsom on 26 July 1876. He had two daughters and four sons with her.<ref name=":0"/><ref name=":1"/><ref name=":22">{{Cite book |title=Takapuna: People and Places |publisher=Arrow Press Limited |year=1989 |isbn=0 473 00788 6 |editor-last=Bartlett |editor-first=Jean |location=Morrinsville, New Zealand |pages=42–43 |language=en}}</ref>
=== Lochaber === In 1906, Alison and his family moved from Melrose House in Devonport to Lochaber in Takapuna, where he lived until his death. Lochaber was located at the seaward side of The Promenade and Hurstmere Road and was 8 acres in size.<ref name=":22" /> The house had been built in the colonial style, and was surrounded by flowerbeds, a rose garden, a shrubbery and a croquet lawn.<ref name=":22" /> The property also contained a stone dairy, a coach house and stables as well as an orchard and a vegetable garden.<ref name=":22" /> Four acres of the property adjoined the Takapuna reef and ferry wharf.<ref name=":22" /> This area was first used for the house cow and racing horses, but was later turned into a picnic ground called Alison's Paddock.<ref name=":22" /> This picnic ground was transferred to his company, the Devonport Ferry Company in 1913, and was referred to as the Ferry Company Paddock from then on.<ref name=":22" /> After his death, Alison's residence became part of the Lochaber Motel. The building was removed from the property entirely in 1983.<ref name=":22" />
=== Horse racing and sports === Alison was a passionate horse racer. He was the president of the Takapuna Jockey Club in 1885, even when the race course moved to Ellerslie in 1934.<ref name=":1"/><ref name=":0"/> He was president until the club merged with Auckland Racing Club. He also represented Auckland on the New Zealand Racing Conference for 25 years.<ref name=":1"/> He imported and bred many racing horses.<ref name=":1"/> Alison Park in Narrowneck, where Takapuna Jockey Club's racetrack used to be, was named after him.<ref name=":0"/>
He was involved in several other sports in the North Shore area, having founded the Waitematā Golf Club and the Takapuna Bowling Club in 1911. He was also a founding member of the North Shore Rowing Club.<ref name=":1"/>
=== Death === Alison died on 6 June 1945 at 31 Kitchener Road at 93 years of age.<ref name=":1" /> He was interred at O'Neill's Point Cemetery in Bayswater, New Zealand.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://www.aucklandcouncil.govt.nz/UnitaryPlanDocuments/02-pc82-reviews-devonport-takapuna-local-board-part-2.pdf |title=Unitary Plan Documents |publisher=Auckland Council |pages=73–74 |language=en}}</ref> He continues to be remembered on the North Shore through a clock tower erected in his honour at the Devonport Wharf and the streets Alison Avenue in Takapuna and Ewen Alison Avenue in Devonport.<ref name=":0" />
==Notes== {{Reflist}}
==References== *{{cite book |ref={{sfnRef|AtoJs 1911 election|1912}} |last=Mansfield |first=F. W. |title=The General Election, 1911 |url= https://atojs.natlib.govt.nz/cgi-bin/atojs?a=d&d=AJHR1909-II.2.5.2.12 |publisher=National Library |access-date=5 December 2014 | year=1912}} *{{Cite book |last= Scholefield |first= Guy |title= New Zealand Parliamentary Record, 1840–1949 |author-link=Guy Scholefield |edition=3rd |orig-date= First ed. published 1913 |year= 1950 |publisher=Govt. Printer |location= Wellington}}
{{s-start}} {{s-par | nz}} {{s-bef | before = Richard Monk}} {{s-ttl | title = Member of Parliament for Waitemata|years=1902–1908}} {{s-aft | after= Leonard Phillips}} {{s-end}} {{subject bar|auto=y|d=y}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Alison, Ewen}} Category:New Zealand MPs for Auckland electorates Category:1852 births Category:1945 deaths Category:New Liberal Party (New Zealand) politicians Category:Members of the New Zealand Legislative Council Category:Members of the New Zealand House of Representatives Category:Independent MPs of New Zealand Category:Unsuccessful candidates in the 1911 New Zealand general election Category:Mayors of places in the Auckland Region Category:People from Auckland Category:Burials at O'Neill's Point Cemetery