Johns Hopkins Center for Health Security

{{Short description|Nonprofit biosecurity think tank}} {{use mdy dates|date=March 2021}} {{Infobox organization | name = Johns Hopkins Center for Health Security | native_name = | native_name_lang = | named_after = | image = | image_size = | image_alt = | caption = | logo = | logo_size = 250px | logo_alt = | logo_caption = | map = | map_size = | map_alt = | map_caption = | map2 = | map2_size = | map2_alt = | map2_caption = | abbreviation = CHS | predecessor = | merged_into = | successor = | formation = {{start date and age|1998}}<ref name="CHS history">{{cite web |title=Our History |url=https://centerforhealthsecurity.org/who-we-are/history-of-the-center-for-health-security |website=Johns Hopkins Center for Health Security |publisher=Johns Hopkins School of Public Health |access-date=28 November 2025}}</ref> | founder = D. A. Henderson<ref name="CHS history">{{cite web |title=Our History |url=https://centerforhealthsecurity.org/who-we-are/history-of-the-center-for-health-security |website=Johns Hopkins Center for Health Security |publisher=Johns Hopkins School of Public Health |access-date=28 November 2025}}</ref> | founding_location = | extinction =  | merger = | type = Think tank | tax_id =  | registration_id =  | status = | purpose = | headquarters = | location = Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America | coordinates =  | region_served = | services = | products = | methods = | fields = | num_members = | num_members_year = | language = | owner =  | secretary_general = | leader_title = Director | leader_name = Tom Inglesby, MD<ref>{{cite web |title=Tom Inglesby, MD |url=https://centerforhealthsecurity.org/who-we-are/our-people/tom-inglesby-md |website=Johns Hopkins Center for Health Security |publisher=Johns Hopkins School of Public Health |access-date=28 November 2025}}</ref> | leader_title2 = Deputy Director | leader_name2 = Anita Cicero, JD<ref name="AnitaCicero">{{cite web |title=Anita Cicero, JD |url=https://centerforhealthsecurity.org/who-we-are/our-people/anita-cicero-jd |website=Johns Hopkins Center for Health Security |publisher=Johns Hopkins University}}</ref> | leader_title3 = | leader_name3 = | leader_title4 = | leader_name4 = | board_of_directors = | key_people = Tara O'Toole Caitlin Rivers Tara Kirk Crystal Watson Alexandra Phelan Jassi Pannu | main_organ = | parent_organization = | subsidiaries = | secessions = | affiliations = Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health | budget = | budget_year = | revenue = | revenue_year = | disbursements = | expenses = | expenses_year = | endowment = | num_staff = | num_staff_year = | num_volunteers = | num_volunteers_year = | website = {{URL|http://www.centerforhealthsecurity.org/}} | remarks = | former_name = {{unbulleted list|Johns Hopkins Center for Civilian Biodefense Strategies (1998–2003)|Center for Biosecurity of UPMC (2003–2013)|UPMC Center for Health Security (2013–2017)}} | footnotes = }} The '''Johns Hopkins Center for Health Security''' (abbreviated '''CHS''') is an independent, nonprofit organization of Johns Hopkins University and the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health. The Center works to prevent and prepare for epidemics, pandemics and other health disasters. The Center is also concerned with biological weapons prevention and the biosecurity implications of emerging technologies, including artificial intelligence<ref name="AIxBio">{{cite web |title=AIxBio |url=https://centerforhealthsecurity.org/our-work/aixbio |website=Johns Hopkins Center for Health Security |publisher=Johns Hopkins University |access-date=28 November 2025}}</ref> and synthetic biology.

The Center is designated an official Collaborating Centre of the World Health Organization and the Pan American Health Organization;<ref>{{cite web |url=https://centerforhealthsecurity.org/2024/who-renames-johns-hopkins-center-for-health-security-as-collaborating-centre-for-global-health-security |author=JHU Center for Health Security |date=January 22, 2024 |title=WHO renames Johns Hopkins Center for Health Security as Collaborating Centre for Global Health Security |access-date=November 28, 2025}}</ref> it provides policy recommendations to governments worldwide including the United States Government, the European Union, and the United Nations Biological Weapons Convention.<ref>{{cite web |title=Policy & Legislative Priorities |url=https://centerforhealthsecurity.org/our-work/policy-legislative-priorities |website=Johns Hopkins Center for Health Security |publisher=Johns Hopkins University |access-date=28 November 2025}}</ref>

==History==

=== Founding === The Center for Health Security was founded in 1998 by D. A. Henderson, the physician who led the successful WHO smallpox eradication campaign. It was originally named the Johns Hopkins Center for Civilian Biodefense Strategies (CCBS).<ref name="DAHenderson">{{cite web |title=Our People D. A. Henderson, MD, MPH |url=https://centerforhealthsecurity.org/who-we-are/our-people/d-a-henderson |website=Johns Hopkins Center for Health Security |publisher=Johns Hopkins University |access-date=28 November 2025 |quote=He was Dean Emeritus and Professor at the Johns Hopkins School of Public Health and a Founding Director (1998) of the Johns Hopkins Center for Civilian Biodefense Strategies.}}</ref> At that time, the center was the first and only academic center focused on biosecurity policy and practice.{{citation needed|date=April 2023}} Henderson became aware of the Soviet Union's offensive biological weapons program in 1989, which was in direct defiance of the 1972 Biological Weapons Convention multilateral disarmament treaty.<ref name="Chapter 10 Death of a Disease">{{cite book |last1=Henderson |first1=Donald A. |title=Smallpox: the death of a disease: the inside story of eradicating a worldwide killer |date=2009 |publisher=Prometheus Books |location=Amherst, N.Y |isbn=1591027225 |chapter=Chapter 10: Smallpox as a Biological Weapon}}</ref> Routine vaccination against smallpox ended globally in 1980, meaning the use of smallpox as a biological weapon would have catastrophic consequences.

In 1998, the Center was established with a founding team of Dr. Tara O'Toole, Dr. Tom Inglesby, and Dr. Monica Schoch-Spana, with the goal of rigorous research and advocacy to counter bioterrorism and emerging infectious diseases such as pandemic influenza, HIV, and monkeypox. One of their first proposals to the United States Government was to procure 40 million doses of stockpiled smallpox vaccine, which was supported by President Bill Clinton.<ref name="Chapter 10 Death of a Disease"/>

=== Operation Dark Winter === In June 2001, the Center hosted a tabletop exercise named ''Dark Winter'' in collaboration with the Center for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS), the Homeland Security Institute (ANSER), and the Oklahoma Memorial Institute for the Prevention of Terrorism.<ref name="Chapter 10 Death of a Disease"/> ''Dark Winter'' drew an analogy with the destructive power of a nuclear explosion, but instead focused on the catastrophic consequences of an deliberate, weaponized smallpox epidemic. ''Dark Winter'' was the first biological weapons tabletop exercise of its kind; media coverage was extensive and six subsequent congressional hearings were held.<ref name="Chapter 10 Death of a Disease"/>

=== Smallpox vaccine stockpiling === The September 11 attacks by terrorists on the United States prompted further fear of a biological weapons attack. Subsequent attacks via letters laced with anthrax spores. In preparation for possible follow-on attacks, the Center uncovered that much of the smallpox vaccine stockpile in the US had expired, ultimately prompting then HHS Secretary Tommy Thompson to commit to stockpiling a dose of smallpox vaccine for every person in America. For this purpose, $3 billion was appropriated by Congress.<ref name="Chapter 10 Death of a Disease"/> Secretary Thompson requested Henderson assume responsibility for the Office of Public Health Preparedness (later the Office of the Assistant Secretary for Preparedness and Response); O'Toole and Inglesby assumed leadership of the Center and renamed it the Center for Biosecurity. In 2003 it came under the aegis of the University of Pittsburgh.<ref name="roos">{{cite web |url=http://www.cidrap.umn.edu/news-perspective/2003/09/johns-hopkins-biodefense-experts-head-new-direction |first=Robert |last=Roos|publisher=CIDRAP |title=Johns Hopkins biodefense experts head in new direction |access-date=February 8, 2017 |date=September 23, 2003 |quote=the four full-time faculty members and 16 administrative staff members of the CCBS are all leaving Hopkins to join the UPMC.}}</ref>

=== Atlantic storm === On January 14, 2005, the Center organized a table-top exercise for senior political leaders from Europe, Canada, and the United States. It was supported by the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation, and the Nuclear Threat Initiative. The former Secretary of State Madeleine Albright and former Director General of the WHO and Prime Minister of Norway Dr. Gro Brundtland, were among those that participated.<ref name="Chapter 10 Death of a Disease"/>

=== Johns Hopkins School of Public Health=== In January 2017, the Center returned to the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health under its current name, the Johns Hopkins Center for Health Security.<ref name="jh_rename">{{cite web |url=http://www.centerforhealthsecurity.org/our-work/events/JHSPH%20Partnership/JHSPH%20Partnership |author=Price Tyson |date=January 16, 2017 |title=Center for Health Security Joins Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School |publisher=Johns Hopkins Center for Health Security |access-date=February 8, 2017 |quote=the Center for Health Security, which had previously been affiliated with the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC), has joined the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health.}}</ref>

==Funding==

The Center was established in 1998 with 1 year of funding from the United States Department of Health and Human Services.<ref name="Chapter 10 Death of a Disease"/> In 2000, the Center began receiving funding from the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation,<ref name="Chapter 10 Death of a Disease"/> as well as grants from the US federal government.<ref>{{cite web |title=Johns Hopkins Biodefense Center to Receive $1 Million Grant |url=https://publichealth.jhu.edu//2002/biodefense-grant |website=Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health |publisher=Johns Hopkins University |access-date=29 November 2025}}</ref>

In January 2017, Coefficient Giving (formerly the Open Philanthropy Project) awarded a $16 million grant over three years to the Center for Health Security;<ref>{{cite web |url=http://thedailyrecord.com/2017/02/08/maryland-health-security-grant-hopkins/ |title=Hopkins' Center for Health Security gets $16M grant |publisher=Maryland Daily Record |agency=Associated Press |date=February 8, 2017 |access-date=February 8, 2017 |quote=The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health's Center for Health Security has been awarded a three-year, $16 million grant to support work on strengthening health security and public health preparedness.}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2017/feb/8/center-for-health-security-gets-16m-grant/ |newspaper=The Washington Times |title=Center for Health Security gets $16M grant |date=February 8, 2017 |access-date=February 8, 2017}}</ref> this was renewed for $20 million in 2019 and $10 million in 2023.<ref>{{cite web |title=Biosecurity & Pandemic Preparedness |url=https://coefficientgiving.org/funds/biosecurity-pandemic-preparedness/?search=johns#grants-biosecurity-and-pandemic-preparedness |publisher=Coefficient Giving |access-date=29 November 2025}}</ref>

In 2023 the Center was awarded $23.5 million from the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention for epidemic preparedness.<ref>{{cite web |title=Johns Hopkins Center for Health Security Awarded $23.5 Million CDC Grant to Launch New Epidemic Preparedness Project |url=https://publichealth.jhu.edu/2023/johns-hopkins-center-for-health-security-awarded-23-point-5-million-cdc-grant-to-launch-new-epidemic-preparedness-project |website=Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health |publisher=Johns Hopkins University |access-date=29 November 2025}}</ref>

==Publications== The Center for Health Security publishes the newsletter: * ''Health Security Decoded'', a monthly roundup of top news and developments in health security.

It previously published the ''Clinicians' Biosecurity News'' (formerly the ''Clinicians' Biosecurity Network Report''),<ref>{{cite web |title=About Clinicians' Biosecurity News {{!}} UPMC Center for Health Security |url=http://www.upmc-cbn.org/about_cbn/about_network.html |website=www.upmc-cbn.org |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170209001740/http://www.upmc-cbn.org/about_cbn/about_network.html |archive-date=2017-02-09}}</ref> and ''Health Security Headlines'' (previously called ''Biosecurity Briefing'',<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.upmc-biosecurity.org/website/biosecurity_briefing |author=Center for Biosecurity of UPMC |title=Biosecurity Briefing |date=September 21, 2007 |access-date=February 10, 2017 |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927021007/http://www.upmc-biosecurity.org/website/biosecurity_briefing |archive-date=September 27, 2007 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.upmc-biosecurity.org/website/biosecurity_briefing/ |author=Center for Biosecurity of UPMC |title=Biosecurity News in Brief -- Center for Biosecurity of UPMC |date=April 30, 2009 |access-date=February 10, 2017 |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090501170510/http://www.upmc-biosecurity.org/website/biosecurity_briefing/ |archive-date=May 1, 2009 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.upmc-biosecurity.org/website/biosecurity_briefing |author=Center for Biosecurity of UPMC |date=July 15, 2011 |title=Biosecurity News Today |access-date=February 10, 2017 |quote=Biosecurity News Today |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110717134042/http://www.upmc-biosecurity.org/website/biosecurity_briefing |archive-date=July 17, 2011 }}</ref> ''Health Security Headlines'',<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.upmc-biosecurity.org/website/biosecurity_briefing/ |author=Center for Biosecurity of UPMC |date=August 13, 2012 |title=Center for Biosecurity {{!}} UPMC {{!}} Biosecurity News Today |access-date=February 10, 2017 |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130206192754/http://www.upmc-biosecurity.org/website/biosecurity_briefing/ |archive-date=February 6, 2013 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.upmchealthsecurity.org/website/health-security-headlines/ |author=Center for Biosecurity of UPMC |date=July 1, 2013 |title=Health Security Headlines {{!}} Published by UPMC Center for Health Security |access-date=February 10, 2017 |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130711042710/http://www.upmchealthsecurity.org/website/health-security-headlines/ |archive-date=July 11, 2013 }}</ref> and ''Preparedness Pulsepoints''.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.centerforhealthsecurity.org/resources/pulsepoints/index.html |author=Center for Biosecurity of UPMC |date=January 31, 2017 |title=Preparedness Pulsepoints |access-date=February 9, 2017}}</ref>

It maintains and edits the peer-reviewed journal ''Health Security''<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.centerforhealthsecurity.org/our-work/index.html |author=Rob Adams |date=January 18, 2017 |title=Our Work |access-date=February 9, 2017 |quote=Journal: The Center provides editorial oversight for the peer-reviewed journal, Health Security, which is published 6 times per year.}}</ref> which was launched in 2003 and called ''Biosecurity and Bioterrorism: Biodefense Strategy, Practice, and Science'' until 2015.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://online.liebertpub.com/bsp |title=Biosecurity and Bioterrorism: Biodefense Strategy, Practice, and Science {{!}} Issue List |access-date=February 9, 2017}}</ref>

CHS published the blog ''The Bifurcated Needle'' until 2020.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bifurcatedneedle.com/about/ |publisher=Johns Hopkins Center for Health Security |website=The Bifurcated Needle |title=About |access-date=February 10, 2017}}</ref>

The center has published in journals including ''Science'', ''Nature'', ''JAMA'' and ''The Lancet''. A full list of publications is available on the CHS website. {{as of|2017|02}}, the list shows more than 400 publications.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.centerforhealthsecurity.org/our-work/publications/?resultCount=9999&view=list |title=All Publications |access-date=February 9, 2017}}</ref>

Additional publications: * {{Cite journal|doi=10.1126/science.aab0713|issn=0036-8075|volume=349|issue=6250|pages=792–793|last1=Boddie|first1=Crystal|author-link=Crystal Watson|last2=Watson|first2=Matthew|last3=Ackerman|first3=Gary|last4=Gronvall|first4=Gigi Kwik|title=Assessing the bioweapons threat: Is there a foundation of agreement among experts about risk?|journal=Science|date=August 21, 2015|url=http://www.upmchealthsecurity.org/our-work/pubs_archive/pubs-pdfs/2015/Science2015Boddie7923_1.pdf|pmid=26293941|s2cid=206637099|access-date=February 9, 2017|archive-date=September 18, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170918041821/http://www.upmchealthsecurity.org/our-work/pubs_archive/pubs-pdfs/2015/Science2015Boddie7923_1.pdf|url-status=dead}} * {{Cite journal| doi = 10.15252/embr.201541674| pmid = 26682799| issn = 1469-3178| volume = 17| issue = 2| pages = 127–130| last1 = Inglesby| first1 = Thomas V.| last2 = Relman| first2 = David A.| title = How likely is it that biological agents will be used deliberately to cause widespread harm?| journal = EMBO Reports| date = February 1, 2016| pmc = 5290809}} * {{Cite web |url=http://www.upmchealthsecurity.org/our-work/pubs_archive/pubs-pdfs/2016/Final_report_to_PASCC_071416.pdf |title=Improving Security through International Biosafety Norms |first1=Gigi Kwik |last1=Gronvall |first2=Matthew |last2=Shearer |first3=Hannah |last3=Collins |first4=Thomas |last4=Inglesby |date=July 14, 2016 |publisher=UPMC Center for Health Security |access-date=February 10, 2017 |archive-date=November 9, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161109090221/http://www.upmchealthsecurity.org/our-work/pubs_archive/pubs-pdfs/2016/Final_report_to_PASCC_071416.pdf |url-status=dead }}

== Major conferences and tabletop exercises ==

===Operation Dark Winter=== {{Main|Operation Dark Winter}} From June 22–23, 2001, CHS co-hosted Operation Dark Winter, a senior-level bioterrorism attack simulation involving a covert and widespread smallpox attack on the United States.

===Atlantic Storm=== On January 14, 2005, CHS helped to host Atlantic Storm, a table-top smallpox bioterrorism simulation.

===Clade X=== On May 15, 2018, the Center hosted Clade X,<ref>{{cite web | last=Cizek | first=Julia | title=Clade X, a tabletop exercise hosted by the Center for Health Security | website=Johns Hopkins Center for Health Security | date=2019-01-07 | url=https://www.centerforhealthsecurity.org/our-work/events/2018_clade_x_exercise/index.html | access-date=2020-06-24}}</ref> a day-long pandemic tabletop exercise that simulated a series of National Security Council–convened meetings of 10 US government leaders, played by individuals prominent in the fields of national security or epidemic response.

Drawing from actual events, Clade X identified important policy issues and preparedness challenges that could be solved with sufficient political will and attention. These issues were designed in a narrative to engage and educate the participants and the audience.

Clade X was livestreamed on Facebook and extensive materials from the exercise are available online.<ref>{{cite web | last=Cizek | first=Julia | title=Livestream (Archived) from Clade X, a pandemic tabletop exercise | website=Johns Hopkins Center for Health Security | date=2019-01-07 | url=https://www.centerforhealthsecurity.org/our-work/events/2018_clade_x_exercise/livestream | access-date=2020-06-24}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | last=Center | first=Johns Hopkins | title=Resources from Clade X, a day-long pandemic tabletop exercise | website=Johns Hopkins Center for Health Security | date=2019-01-07 | url=https://www.centerforhealthsecurity.org/our-work/events/2018_clade_x_exercise/clade-x-resources | access-date=2020-06-24}}</ref>

=== Event 201 === On October 18, 2019, the CHS partnered with the World Economic Forum and the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation to host the tabletop exercise Event 201 in New York City.<ref name="event 201">{{cite web | author=Johns Hopkins Center for Health Security | title=Event 201, a pandemic exercise to illustrate preparedness efforts | website=Event 201 | date=2020-01-24 | url=https://www.centerforhealthsecurity.org/event201/ | access-date=2020-06-24}}</ref><ref>Kirsten Salyer (15 October 2019), [https://www.weforum.org/press/2019/10/live-simulation-exercise-to-prepare-public-and-private-leaders-for-pandemic-response/ "Live Simulation Exercise to Prepare Public and Private Leaders for Pandemic Response"], press release from World Economic Forum: "Event 201 exercise will bring together public and private leaders to inform multistakeholder cooperation for pandemic preparedness and response"</ref> According to the CHS, "the exercise illustrated areas where public/private partnerships will be necessary during the response to a severe pandemic in order to diminish large-scale economic and societal consequences".<ref name="event 201" />

Event 201 simulated the effects of a fictional coronavirus passing to humans via infected pig farms in Brazil with "no possibility of a vaccine being available in the first year".<ref name="Full Fact Event 201">{{Cite web|date=2021-02-18|title=US rapper Pitbull wrong to claim Event 201 was 'rehearsal' for coronavirus pandemic|url=https://fullfact.org/online/event-201-pitbull-coronavirus/|access-date=2021-02-21|website=Full Fact|language=en}}</ref> The simulation ended after 18 months and projected 65 million deaths from the coronavirus.<ref name="Full Fact Event 201" />

=== Southeast Asia Biosecurity Dialogue === A series of Track II multilateral dialogues cohosted by the Center in the Southeast Asia region ultimately helped to establish the Asia Centre for Health Security.<ref>{{Cite web |title=2024 Southeast Asia Dialogue Meeting Materials {{!}} Johns Hopkins Center for Health Security |url=https://centerforhealthsecurity.org/our-work/research-projects/multilateral-biosecurity-dialogue-with-singapore-malaysia-indonesia-and-the-united-states/2024-southeast-asia-dialogue-meeting-materials |access-date=2025-02-27 |website=centerforhealthsecurity.org |language=en}}</ref>

=== Artificial intelligence === Since 2023, the Center has worked extensively on the convergence of artificial intelligence and biotechnology, establishing the shorthand AIxBio within this field.<ref name="Johns Hopkins University">{{cite web |title=AIxBio Johns Hopkins Center for Health Security |url=https://centerforhealthsecurity.org/our-work/aixbio |website=Johns Hopkins Center for Health Security |publisher=Johns Hopkins University |access-date=29 November 2025 |language=en}}</ref>

On November 29, 2023 the Center hosted a convening to discuss pandemic-level biosecurity threats that may arise from artificial intelligence, attended by representatives from the United States National Security Council, United States Department of Energy, White House Office of Pandemic Preparedness and Response Policy, United Kingdom Cabinet Office, OpenAI, Anthropic, Microsoft, Meta, Google DeepMind, Amazon, RAND, and others.<ref>{{cite web |title=ADVANCING GOVERNANCE FRAMEWORKS FOR FRONTIER AIXBIO |url=https://centerforhealthsecurity.org/sites/default/files/2024-01/center-for-health-security-nov-29-aixbio-meeting-report-with-agenda-and-attendee-list.pdf |website=Johns Hopkins Center for Health Security |publisher=Johns Hopkins University |access-date=29 November 2025}}</ref>

The Center has provided policy recommendations to governments and AI Safety Institutes globally regarding several issues at the intersection of artificial intelligence and biosecurity, including biological data governance, open source models, export controls, risk assessment, model evaluations, and safeguards.<ref name="Johns Hopkins University"/>

===Other=== {{Div col|colwidth=30em}} * Improving Epidemic Response: Building Bridges Between the US and China. May 2012. * Considerations for the Reauthorization of the Pandemic and All-Hazards Preparedness Act (PAHPA). March 2012. * U.S. Preparedness for a Nuclear Detonation. October 2011. * Charting the Future of Biosecurity: Ten Years After the Anthrax Attacks. October 2011. * Advancing US Resilience to a Nuclear Catastrophe. May 2011. * Preserving National Security: The Growing Role of the Life Sciences. March 2011. * Improving Global Health, Strengthening Global Security. November 2010. * The State of BIOPreparedness: Lessons from Leaders, Proposals for Progress. September 2010. * Preparing to Save Lives and Recover After a Nuclear Detonation: Implications for US Policy. April 2010. * The 2009 H1N1 Experience: Policy Implications for Future Infectious Disease Emergencies. March 2010. * Resilient American Communities: Progress In Practice and Policy. December 10, 2009. * Prevention of Biothreats: A Look Ahead. October 6, 2009. * Disease, Disaster, and Democracy: The Public's Stake in Health Emergency Planning. May 2006. * Bulls, Bears, and Birds: Preparing the Financial Industry for a Pandemic. September 2005. * Conference on Biosafety and Biorisks. May 2005. * The Public as an Asset, Not a Problem: A Summit on Leadership During Bioterrorism. February 2003. * 2nd National Symposium on Medical and Public Health Response to Bioterrorism. November 2000. * National Symposium on Medical and Public Health Response to Bioterrorism. February 1999. {{Div col end}}

==References== {{Reflist}}

==External links== * [https://www.cnn.com/2020/09/08/health/coronavirus-pandemic-training-scenario/index.html "Experts predicted a coronavirus pandemic years ago. Now it's playing out before our eyes"] CNN * [https://www.centerforhealthsecurity.org/our-work/Center-projects/completed-projects/spars-pandemic-scenario.html "SPARS Pandemic Scenario"] * {{Official website|http://www.centerforhealthsecurity.org/}} * [http://www.bifurcatedneedle.com/ ''The Bifurcated Needle''], the Center for Health Security's blog * ''[https://www.centerforhealthsecurity.org/cbn/index.html Clinicians' Biosecurity News] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211230050434/https://www.centerforhealthsecurity.org/cbn/index.html |date=December 30, 2021 }}'', a twice monthly newsletter published by the Center * [https://www.centerforhealthsecurity.org/resources/rrc/ Rad Resilient City]; [http://www.centerforhealthsecurity.org/our-work/interactives/rad-resilient-city/index Rad Resilient City Preparedness Checklist Actions]{{Dead link|date=July 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Johns Hopkins Center for Health Security}} Category:Health think tanks Category:Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health Category:Public health research institutes Category:Think tanks based in the United States Category:Nonpartisan organizations in the United States Category:American organizations established in 1998 Category:Think tanks established in 1998