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{{multiple issues| {{More citations needed|date=December 2009}} {{lead too short|date=January 2011}} {{Outdated as of|day=1|month=12|year=2024|topic=current commissioners}} }} {{Use dmy dates|date=January 2022}} {{Politics of the European Union}}
A portfolio in the [[European Commission]] is an area of responsibility assigned to a [[European Commissioner]], usually connected to one or several [[European Civil Service#Directorates-General|Directorates-General]] (DGs).
==Portfolios== ===Agriculture=== {{Main|European Commissioner for Agriculture and Rural Development}} The Commissioner for Agriculture and Rural Development is in charge of rural issues including most notably the controversial [[Common Agricultural Policy]] (CAP) which represents 44% of the [[European Union Budget|EU budget]]. The post used to be combined with Fisheries in the [[Jenkins Commission (EU)|Jenkins]] and [[Thorn Commission]]s. The related DG is the [[Directorate-General for Agriculture and Rural Development]]
{| class="wikitable" ! !Name !Country !Period !Commission !Portfolio actual name |- | 1 | [[Sicco Mansholt]] | {{Flagu|Netherlands}} | 1958–1972 | [[Hallstein Commission]] I & II, [[Rey Commission]], [[Malfatti Commission]] |Agriculture (vice-president) |- | 2 | [[Carlo Scarascia-Mugnozza]] | {{Flagu|Italy}} | 1972–1973 | [[Mansholt Commission]] |Agriculture |- | 3 | [[Pierre Lardinois]] | {{Flagu|Netherlands}} | 1973–1977 | [[Ortoli Commission]] |Agriculture |- | rowspan="2" | 4 | rowspan="2" | [[Finn Olav Gundelach]] | rowspan="2" | {{Flagu|Denmark}} | 1977–1981 | [[Jenkins Commission (EU)|Jenkins Commission]] |Agriculture-Fisheries (vice-president) |- | rowspan="2" |1981–1985 | rowspan="2" |[[Thorn Commission]] |Agriculture |- | 5 |[[Poul Dalsager]] |{{Flagu|Denmark}} |Agriculture |- | 6 | [[Frans Andriessen]] | {{Flagu|Netherlands}} | 1985–1989 | [[Delors Commission]] I |Agriculture and Rural Development (vice-president) |- | 7 | [[Ray MacSharry]] | {{Flagu|Ireland}} | 1989–1992 | [[Delors Commission]] II | rowspan="3" |Agriculture and Rural Development |- | 8 | [[René Steichen]] | {{Flagu|Luxembourg}} | 1992–1995 | [[Delors Commission]] III |- | rowspan="2" | 9 | rowspan="2" | [[Franz Fischler]] | rowspan="2" | {{Flagu|Austria}} | 1995–1999||[[Santer Commission]] |- |1999–2004 | rowspan="2" |[[Prodi Commission]] | rowspan="2" |Agriculture and Fisheries |- | 10 |[[Sandra Kalniete]] |{{Flagu|Latvia}} | 2004 |- | 11 | [[Mariann Fischer Boel]] | {{Flagu|Denmark}} | 2004–2010 | [[Barroso Commission]] I | rowspan="3" |Agriculture and Rural Development |- | 12 | [[Dacian Cioloş]] | {{Flagu|Romania}} | 2010–2014 | [[Barroso Commission]] II |- | 13 | [[Phil Hogan]] | {{Flagu|Ireland}} | 2014–2019 | [[Juncker Commission]] |- | 14 | [[Janusz Wojciechowski]] | {{Flagu|Poland}} | 2019-2024 | [[Von der Leyen Commission I|Von der Leyen Commission]] | Agriculture |- | 15 | [[Christophe Hansen]] | {{Flagu|Luxembourg}} | Incumbent | [[Von der Leyen Commission II]] | Agriculture and Food |}
===Climate Action=== {{Main|European Commissioner for Climate Action}}
The post of Commissioner for Climate Action was created in February 2010, being split from the environmental portfolio to focus on fighting [[climate change]]. The first Commissioner to take the post was [[Connie Hedegaard]] who headed the [[Directorate-General for Climate Action (European Commission)|Directorate-General for Climate Action]]. {| class="wikitable" ! !Name !Country !Period !Commission !Portfolio actual name |- | 1 | [[Connie Hedegaard]] | {{Flagu|Denmark}} | 2010–2014 | [[Barroso Commission]] II | Climate Action |- | 2 | [[Miguel Arias Cañete]] | {{Flagu|Spain}} | 2014–2019 | [[Juncker Commission]] | Climate Action and Energy |- | 3 | [[Frans Timmermans]] | {{Flagu|Netherlands}} | 2019–2023 | [[Von der Leyen Commission I|Von der Leyen Commission]] | Climate Action |- | 4 | [[Maroš Šefčovič]] (acting) | {{Flagu|Slovakia}} | 2023 | [[Von der Leyen Commission I|Von der Leyen Commission]] | Climate Action |- | 5 | [[Wopke Hoekstra]] | {{Flagu|Netherlands}} | Incumbent | [[Von der Leyen Commission I|Von der Leyen Commission I]], [[Von der Leyen Commission II|Von der Leyen Commission II]] | Climate, Net Zero and Clean Growth |}
===Competition=== {{Main|European Commissioner for Competition}}
The Commissioner for Competition is the member responsible for [[Competition regulator|commercial competition]], [[Mergers and acquisitions|company mergers]], [[cartel]]s, [[State aid (European Union)|state aid]], and [[anti-trust]] law. The position became the sole merger authority for the [[European Economic Area]] in September 1990. The Competition Commissioner is one of the most powerful positions in the commission and is notable in affecting global companies.<ref>{{cite news|last =Lungescu|first=Oana|publisher=BBC News|title =Examining the EU executive|date=2004-07-23|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/programmes/letter_from_america/3921303.stm|access-date = 2007-09-18}}</ref> For example, the commissioner has been pursued a number of high-profile cases against anticompetitive behaviour; such as the case against the merger of [[Sony Music|Sony]] – [[Bertelsmann Music Group|BMG]], against [[Apple Inc.]] regarding [[iTunes]],<ref>[http://www.spiegel.de/international/business/0,1518,475398,00.html Brussels Accuses iTunes of Violating Competition Rules] ''Der Spiegel''</ref> the ongoing [[European Union v. Microsoft|case against Microsoft]] and in particular the [[Honeywell#GE-Honeywell merger attempt|GE-Honeywell merger attempt]] in 2001.<ref name="europa.eu">[http://europa.eu/rapid/pressReleasesAction.do?reference=IP/01/939 The Commission prohibits GE's acquisition of Honeywell] Europa (web portal)</ref> In 2007, Neelie Kroes (then Competition Commissioner) was the only Commissioner to make [[Forbes Magazine's List of The World's 100 Most Powerful Women]]; she held position 59.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20071011022303/http://www.forbes.com/lists/2007/11/biz-07women_The-100-Most-Powerful-Women_Rank_3.html 100 Most Powerful Women] Forbes</ref>
{| class="wikitable" ! !Name !Country !Period !Commission !Portfolio actual name |- | 1 | [[Hans von der Groeben]] | {{flagu|West Germany}} | 1958–1967 | [[Hallstein Commission]] I & II | rowspan="2" |Competition |- | 2 | [[Maan Sassen]] | {{Flagu|Netherlands}} | 1967–1971 | [[Rey Commission]] |- | rowspan="2" | 3 | rowspan="2" | [[Albert Borschette]] | rowspan="2" | {{Flagu|Luxembourg}} | 1970–1973 | [[Malfatti Commission]], [[Mansholt Commission]] |Competition and Regional Policy |- |1973–1977 |[[Ortoli Commission]] | rowspan="2" |Competition |- | 4 |[[Raymond Vouel]] |{{Flagu|Luxembourg}} | 1976–1981 |[[Jenkins Commission (EU)|Jenkins Commission]] |- | 5 | [[Frans Andriessen]] | {{Flagu|Netherlands}} | 1981–1985 | [[Thorn Commission]] |Parliamentary Relations and Competition |- | 6 | [[Peter Sutherland]] | {{Flagu|Ireland}} | 1985–1989 | [[Delors Commission]] I |Competition, social affairs and education |- | 7 |[[Leon Brittan|Sir Leon Brittan]] |{{Flagu|United Kingdom}} | 1989–1992 |[[Delors Commission]] II |Competition and financial institutions (vice-president) |- | 8 | [[Karel Van Miert]] | {{Flagu|Belgium}} | 1993–1999 | [[Delors Commission]] III, [[Santer Commission]] |Competition (vice-president) |- | 9 | [[Mario Monti]] | {{Flagu|Italy}} | 1999–2004 | [[Prodi Commission]] | rowspan="2" |Competition |- | 10 | [[Neelie Kroes]] | {{Flagu|Netherlands}} | 2004–2010 | [[Barroso Commission]] I |- | 11 | [[Joaquín Almunia]] | {{Flagu|Spain}} | 2010–2014 | [[Barroso Commission]] II |Competition (vice-president) |- | 12 | [[Margrethe Vestager]] | {{Flagu|Denmark}} | 2014-2024 | [[Juncker Commission]], [[Von der Leyen Commission I|Von der Leyen Commission]] | Competition (Executive Vice-President) |- | 13 | [[Teresa Ribera]] | {{Flagu|Spain}} | Incumbent | [[Von der Leyen Commission II]] | Competition (Executive Vice-President) |}
===Development=== The Commissioner for Development deals with promoting sustainable development in deprived regions (such as [[ACP countries]] and the EU's [[Special member state territories and their relations with the European Union|OCTs]]). It used to include [[humanitarian aid]]. The related DG is [[Directorate-General for Development (European Commission)|Directorate-General for International Partnerships]]
{| class="wikitable" ! !Name !Country !Period !Commission !Portfolio actual name |- | 1 | [[Robert Lemaignen]] | {{Flagu|France}} | 1958–1962 | [[Hallstein Commission]] I | rowspan="2" |Overseas Development |- | rowspan="2" | 2 | rowspan="2" | [[Henri Rochereau]] | rowspan="2" | {{Flagu|France}} | 1962–1967 | [[Hallstein Commission]] II |- |1967–1970 |[[Rey Commission]] |Development Assistance |- | rowspan="4" | 3 | rowspan="4" | [[Jean-François Deniau]] | rowspan="4" | {{Flagu|France}} | 1967–1970 | [[Rey Commission]] |Foreign Trade, Enlargement and Assistance to developing countries |- |1970–1972 |[[Malfatti Commission]] |External Relations and Development Aid |- |1972–1973 |[[Mansholt Commission]] |Foreign Affairs and Development Aid |- |1973 |[[Ortoli Commission]] |Development cooperation |- | rowspan="2" | 4 | rowspan="2" |[[Claude Cheysson]] | rowspan="2" |{{Flagu|France}} | 1973–1981 |[[Ortoli Commission]], [[Jenkins Commission (EU)|Jenkins Commission]] | rowspan="3" |Development |- |1981 | rowspan="2" |[[Thorn Commission]] |- | 5 |[[Edgard Pisani]] |{{Flagu|France}} | 1981–1984 |- | 6 | [[Lorenzo Natali]] | {{Flagu|Italy}} | 1985–1989 | [[Delors Commission]] I |Cooperation, development affairs and enlargement (vice-president) |- |7 |[[Filippo Maria Pandolfi]] |{{Flagu|Italy}} |1989–1993 | rowspan="2" |[[Delors Commission]] II |Science, research, development, telecommunications and innovation (vice-president) |- | rowspan="2" | 7 | rowspan="2" |[[Manuel Marin]] | rowspan="2" |{{Flagu|Spain}} | 1989–1992 |Cooperation, development and fisheries (vice-president) |- |1993–1994 |[[Delors Commission]] III |Cooperation, development and humanitarian aid (vice-president) |- | 8 | [[João de Deus Pinheiro]] | {{Flagu|Portugal}} | 1995–1999 | [[Santer Commission]] |Relations with African, Caribbean, Pacific Countries, South Africa and the Lomé Convention |- | 9 | [[Poul Nielson]] | {{Flagu|Denmark}} | 1999–2004 | rowspan="2" | [[Prodi Commission]] | rowspan="2" |Development and Humanitarian Aid |- | 10 | [[Joe Borg]] | {{Flagu|Malta}} | 2004 |- |11 |[[Benita Ferrero-Waldner]] |{{Flagu|Austria}} |2004–2010 | rowspan="3" |[[Barroso Commission]] I |External Relations and European Neighbourhood Policy |- | 12 |[[Louis Michel]] |{{Flagu|Belgium}} | 2004–2009 | rowspan="2" |Development and Humanitarian Aid |- | 13 | [[Karel De Gucht]] | {{Flagu|Belgium}} | 2009–2010 |- | 14 | [[Andris Piebalgs]] | {{Flagu|Latvia}} | 2010–2014 | [[Barroso Commission]] II |Development |- | 15 | [[Neven Mimica]] | {{Flagu|Croatia}} | 2014–2019 | [[Juncker Commission]] |International Cooperation and Development |- | 16 | [[Jutta Urpilainen]] | {{Flagu|Finland}} | 2019-2024 | [[Von der Leyen Commission I|Von der Leyen Commission]] |International Partnerships |- | 17 | [[Jozef Síkela]] | {{Flagu|Czech Republic}} | Incumbent | [[Von der Leyen Commission II]] |International Partnerships |}
=== Technology === {{Main|European Commissioner for Digital Agenda}}
The Commissioner for the Digital Agenda, previously the Commissioner for Information Society and Media, is responsible media and information issues such as [[telecoms]] and [[Information and Communications Technology|ICT]].
2004–2010 Commissioner, [[Viviane Reding]], found a relatively popular policy in seeking to lower [[roaming]] charges of mobile phones when travelling within the EU, stating: "For years, mobile roaming charges have remained unjustifiably high. We are therefore tackling one of the last borders within Europe's internal market".<ref>[http://ec.europa.eu/information_society/activities/roaming/index_en.htm Roaming Charges Portal] European Commission</ref> Her [[Regulation on roaming charges in the European Union|legislation to cap roaming charges]] was approved by the [[European Parliament|Parliament]] in April 2007<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20070928080017/http://www.computerbusinessreview.com/article_news.asp?guid=9D3AEC6B-EC7C-4114-965C-880A63EEFCDD European parliament backs roaming price cuts] Computer Business Review Online</ref> On 7 April 2006 the commission launched the new "[[.eu]]" [[Top-level domain|TLD]] for websites for EU companies and citizens wishing to have a non-national European internet address. This has proved popular with 2.5 being registered by April 2007. It is now the seventh most popular TLD worldwide, and third in Europe (after [[.de]] and [[.uk]])<ref>[http://www.huffingtonpost.com/huff-wires/20070411/techbit-eu-internet-names `.eu' Domain Names Top 2.5M in Year One] ''Huffington Post''</ref>
In the previous Commission information society was linked with Enterprise (now linked with Industry). {| class="wikitable" ! !Name !Country !Period !Commission !Portfolio actual name |- |1 |[[Fritz Hellwig]] |{{Flagu|Germany}} |1967–1970 |[[Rey Commission]] |Research and Technology, Distribution of Information and Joint Research Centre (vice-president) |- |2 |[[Lorenzo Natali]] |{{Flagu|Italy}} |1981–1985 |[[Thorn Commission]] |Mediterranean Policy, Enlargement and Information (vice-president) |- | 3 |[[Karl-Heinz Narjes]] | {{Flagu|Germany}} | rowspan="2" | 1985–1988 | rowspan="2" | [[Delors Commission]] I |Industry, information technology and science and research (vice-president) |- |4 |[[Carlo Ripa di Meana]] |{{Flagu|Italy}} |Institutional reforms, information policy, culture and tourism |- |5 |[[Filippo Maria Pandolfi]] |{{Flagu|Italy}} |1989–1993 |[[Delors Commission]] II |Science, research, development, telecommunications and innovation (vice-president) |- |6 |[[Martin Bangemann]] |{{Flagu|Germany}} | rowspan="2" |1993–1994 | rowspan="2" |[[Delors Commission]] III |Internal market, industrial affairs and ICT (vice-president) |- | 7 | [[Antonio Ruberti]] | {{Flagu|Italy}} |Science, research, technological development and education (vice-president) |- | (6) | [[Martin Bangemann]] | {{Flagu|Germany}} | rowspan="2" | 1995–1999 | rowspan="2" | [[Santer Commission]] |Industrial affairs, Information and Telecommunications Technologies |- |8 |[[Marcelino Oreja]] |{{Flagu|Spain}} |Relations with the European Parliament, Culture, Audiovisual Policy |- | 9 |[[Erkki Liikanen]] |{{Flagu|Finland}} | 1999–2004 | rowspan="3" |[[Prodi Commission]] | rowspan="3" |Enterprise and Information Society |- |10 |[[Olli Rehn]] |{{Flagu|Finland}} |2004 |- | 11 | [[Ján Figeľ]] | {{Flagu|Slovakia}} | 2004 |- | 12 | [[Viviane Reding]] | {{Flagu|Luxembourg}} | 2004–2010 |[[Barroso Commission]] I |Information Society and Media |- | 13 |[[Neelie Kroes]] |{{Flagu|Netherlands}} | 2010–2014 |[[Barroso Commission]] II |Digital Agenda (vice-president) |- | 14 |[[Andrus Ansip]] |{{Flagu|Estonia}} | 2014–2019 | rowspan="2" |[[Juncker Commission]] | rowspan="2" |Digital Single Market (vice-president) |- | 15 |[[Maroš Šefčovič]] |{{Flagu|Slovakia}} |2019 |- | 16 | [[Margrethe Vestager]] | {{Flagu|Denmark}} | 2019-2024 | [[Von der Leyen Commission I|Von der Leyen Commission]] |Europe Fit for Digital Age (Executive Vice-President) |- | 17 | [[Henna Virkkunen]] | {{Flagu|Finland}} | Incumbent | [[Von der Leyen Commission II]] | Digital and Frontier Technologies (Executive Vice-President) |}
===Economic and Financial Affairs, Taxation and Customs=== {{Main|European Commissioner for Economic and Financial Affairs}}
The Commissioner for Economic and Financial Affairs is responsible for the EU's economic affairs including the [[euro]]. In the [[Juncker Commission]], the post also acquired responsibility for [[European Commissioner for Taxation and Customs Union, Audit and Anti-Fraud|taxation and anti-fraud protection]].
There have been calls for a strengthened economic portfolio with [[Ségolène Royal]] suggesting that there should be an economic government for the [[eurozone]]<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/6357899.stm Royal v Sarkozy: The policies] BBC News</ref> and at the start of the first [[Barroso Commission]] Germany suggested an economic "[[super-commissioner]]"<ref name="euractiv.com">[http://www.euractiv.com/en/agenda2004/big-strike-deal-super-commissioner-french-vat-cuts-1-ceiling/article-114814 'Big three' strike deal on super commissioner, French VAT cuts, 1% ceiling] EurActiv.com</ref> – which could see a change in this position. That idea, however, was dropped but the Enterprise and Industry Commissioner was strengthened in response.<ref name="bmbrussels.be">[http://www.bmbrussels.be/box_bmnewcomm.php The New Commission – Some Initial Thought] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060923001700/http://www.bmbrussels.be/box_bmnewcomm.php |date=23 September 2006 }} BM Brussels</ref>
{| class="wikitable" ! !Name !Country !Period !Commission !Portfolio actual name |- | 1 | [[Robert Marjolin]] | {{Flagu|France}} | 1958–1967 | [[Hallstein Commission]] I & II |Economics and Finance (vice-president) |- | rowspan="2" | 2 | rowspan="2" | [[Raymond Barre]] | rowspan="2" | {{Flagu|France}} | 1967–1970 | [[Rey Commission]] |Economic and Finance, Statistical Office (vice-president) |- |1970–1972 |[[Malfatti Commission]], [[Mansholt Commission]] |Economic & Financial Affairs |- | 3 |[[Wilhelm Haferkamp]] | {{flagu|West Germany}} | rowspan="3" | 1973–1977 | rowspan="3" |[[Ortoli Commission]] |Economic and Finance, Credit and Investments (vice-president) |- |3 |[[Henri François Simonet]] |{{Flagu|Belgium}} |Taxation, Energy (vice-president) |- |3 |[[Finn Olav Gundelach]] |{{Flagu|Denmark}} |Internal Market, Customs Union |- |4 |[[Richard Burke (Irish politician)|Richard Burke]] |{{Flagu|Ireland}} | rowspan="2" |1977–1981 | rowspan="3" |[[Jenkins Commission (EU)|Jenkins Commission]] |Taxation, Consumer Affairs, Transport |- |4 |[[Étienne Davignon]] |{{Flagu|Belgium}} |Internal Market, Customs Union, Industrial Affairs |- | rowspan="2" | 4 | rowspan="2" |[[François-Xavier Ortoli]] | rowspan="2" |{{Flagu|France}} | rowspan="2" | 1977–1985 |Economic and Financial Credit and Investments (vice-president) |- | rowspan="3" |[[Thorn Commission]] |Economic and Financial Credit and Investments (vice-president) |- |5 |[[Christopher Tugendhat]] |{{Flagu|United Kingdom}} | rowspan="2" |1981–1985 |Budget and Financial Control, Financial Institutions and Taxation (vice-president) |- |5 |[[Karl-Heinz Narjes]] |{{Flagu|Germany}} |Internal Market, Industrial Innovation, Customs Union, the Environment, Consumer Protection and Nuclear Safety |- |5 |[[Lord Cockfield]] |{{Flagu|United Kingdom}} | rowspan="2" |1985–1989 | rowspan="2" |[[Delors Commission]] I |Internal market, tax law and customs (vice-president) |- | rowspan="2" | 6 | rowspan="2" | [[Henning Christophersen]] | rowspan="2" | {{Flagu|Denmark}} |Budget, financial control, personnel and administration (vice-president) |- | rowspan="2" |1989–1992 | rowspan="2" |[[Delors Commission]] II |Economic & financial affairs and coordination of structural funds (vice-president) |- |7 |[[Christiane Scrivener]] |{{Flagu|France}} |Taxation and customs union |- |(6) |[[Henning Christophersen]] |{{Flagu|Denmark}} | rowspan="2" |1992–1994 | rowspan="2" |[[Delors Commission]] III |Economic and Financial Affairs (vice-president) |- |(7) |[[Christiane Scrivener]] |{{Flagu|France}} |Taxation, customs union and consumer policies |- | 8 | [[Yves-Thibault de Silguy]] | {{Flagu|France}} | rowspan="2" | 1995–1999 | rowspan="2" | [[Santer Commission]] |Economic and Financial Affairs |- |8 |[[Mario Monti]] |{{Flagu|Italy}} |Internal Market, Services Customs and Taxation |- | 9 | [[Pedro Solbes]] | {{Flagu|Spain}} | 1999–2004 | rowspan="3" |[[Prodi Commission]] | rowspan="3" |Economic and Monetary Affairs |- | 10 | [[Joaquín Almunia]] | {{Flagu|Spain}} | 2004 |- |11 |[[Siim Kallas]] |{{Flagu|Estonia}} | 2004 |- | 12 |[[Joaquín Almunia]] |{{Flagu|Spain}} | rowspan="2" | 2004–2010 | rowspan="2" |[[Barroso Commission]] I |Economic and Financial Affairs |- |12 |[[László Kovács (politician)|László Kovács]] |{{Flagu|Hungary}} |Taxation and Customs Union |- | 13 |[[Olli Rehn]] |{{Flagu|Finland}} | 2010–2014 | rowspan="3" |[[Barroso Commission]] II | rowspan="2" |Economic and Monetary Affairs and the Euro (vice-president) |- |14 |[[Jyrki Katainen]] |{{Flagu|Finland}} |2014 |- |15 |[[Algirdas Šemeta]] |{{Flagu|Lithuania}} |2010–2014 |Taxation and Customs Union, Audit and Anti-Fraud |- | 16 |[[Pierre Moscovici]] |{{Flagu|France}} | 2014–2019 |[[Juncker Commission]] |Economic and Financial Affairs, Taxation and Customs |- | 17 | [[Paolo Gentiloni]] | {{Flagu|Italy}} | 2019-2024 | [[Von der Leyen Commission I|Von der Leyen Commission]] | Economy |- | 18 | [[Valdis Dombrovskis]] | {{Flagu|Latvia}} | Incumbent | [[Von der Leyen Commission II]] | Economy and Productivity (Executive Vice-President) |}
===Education, Culture, Sport and Youth=== {{Main|European Commissioner for Education, Culture, Multilingualism and Youth}}
The Commissioner for Education, Culture, Multilingualism and Youth is responsible for policies in education and [[training]], [[youth]], sport, [[civil society]], culture, [[translation]], [[interpreting|interpretation]] and relations with the [[Office for Official Publications of the European Communities]].
The post was enlarged since the [[Prodi Commission]] with the addition of ''training and multilingualism'' (The [[Directorate-General]] is still just [[Directorate-General for Education and Culture (European Commission)|Directorate-General for Education and Culture]]). When Romania joined the EU in 2007, multilingualism was handed over to the new Romanian commissioner. In its place the portfolio included youth, sport and civil society. Multilingualism was reintroduced in 2010 under Barroso's second Commission.
The commission has become increasingly active in education. The [[ERASMUS programme]], which was established in 1987, is a student exchange programme promoting mobility of students between European universities. The [[Bologna process]] aims to create a [[European Higher Education Area]] where academic qualifications can be recognised across Europe. The [[European Institute of Technology]] is a proposed research university.
<small>The previous portfolio to the current was Culture, merged with Audiovisual policy and [[European Parliament|EP]] relations.</small> {| class="wikitable" ! !Name !Country !Period !Commission !Portfolio actual name |- |1 |[[Carlo Ripa di Meana]] |{{Flagu|Italy}} |1985–1989 |[[Delors Commission]] I |Institutional reforms, information policy, culture and tourism |- |2 |[[Jean Dondelinger]] |{{Flagu|Luxembourg}} |1989–1992 |[[Delors Commission]] II |Audiovisual and cultural affairs |- |3 |[[Antonio Ruberti]] |{{Flagu|Italy}} | rowspan="2" |1993–1994 | rowspan="2" |[[Delors Commission]] III |Science, research, technological development and education (vice-president) |- |3 |[[João de Deus Pinheiro]] |{{Flagu|Portugal}} |Relations with Parliament, culture and audiovisual |- |4 |[[Marcelino Oreja]] |{{Flagu|Spain}} |1995–1999 |[[Santer Commission]] |Relations with the European Parliament, Culture, Audiovisual Policy |- | 5 | [[Viviane Reding]] | {{Flagu|Luxembourg}} | 1999–2004 | rowspan="2" | [[Prodi Commission]] | rowspan="2" |Education and Culture |- | 6 | [[Dalia Grybauskaitė]] | {{Flagu|Lithuania}} | 2004 |- | 7 | [[Ján Figeľ]] | {{Flagu|Slovakia}} | 2004–2009 | rowspan="3" | [[Barroso Commission]] I | rowspan="2" |Education, Training and Culture |- | 8 | [[Maroš Šefčovič]] | {{Flagu|Slovakia}} | 2009–2010 |- |7 |[[Leonard Orban]] |{{Flagu|Romania}} |2004–2010 |Multilingualism |- | 8 | [[Androulla Vassiliou]] | {{Flagu|Cyprus}} | 2010–2014 | [[Barroso Commission]] II |Education, Culture, Multilingualism and Youth |- | 9 | [[Tibor Navracsics]] | {{Flagu|Hungary}} | 2014–2019 | [[Juncker Commission]] |Education, Culture, Youth and Sport |- | 10 | [[Mariya Gabriel]] | {{Flagu|Bulgaria}} | 2019–2023<ref>{{Cite web |title=Press corner |url=https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/home/en |access-date=2023-08-11 |website=European Commission - European Commission |language=en}}</ref> | [[Von der Leyen Commission I|Von der Leyen Commission]] |Innovation, Research, Culture, Education and Youth |- |11 |[[Iliana Ivanova]] |{{Flagu|Bulgaria}} |2023-2024 |[[Von der Leyen Commission I|Von der Leyen Commission]] |Innovation, Research, Culture, Education and Youth |- |12 |[[Ekaterina Zaharieva]] |{{Flagu|Bulgaria}} |Incumbent |[[Von der Leyen Commission II]] | Startups, Research and Innovation |}
===Employment and Social Affairs=== {{Main|European Commissioner for Employment, Social Affairs and Inclusion}}
The Commissioner for Employment, Social Affairs and Inclusion is responsible for matters including those relating to employment, discrimination and social affairs such as [[Social welfare provision|welfare]]. The post has had various alterations; under the first Barroso Commission it was known as Employment, Social Affairs and Equal Opportunities.
{| class="wikitable" ! !Name !Country !Period !Commission !Portfolio actual name |- | 1 | [[Lionello Levi Sandri]] | {{Flagu|Italy}} | 1967–1972 | [[Rey Commission]] | |- | 2 | [[Albert Coppé]] | {{Flagu|Belgium}} | 1972–1973 | [[Malfatti Commission]], [[Mansholt Commission]] | |- | 3 | [[Patrick Hillery]] | {{Flagu|Ireland}} | 1973–1977 | [[Ortoli Commission]] | |- | 4 | [[Henk Vredeling]] | {{Flagu|Netherlands}} | 1977–1981 | [[Jenkins Commission (EU)|Jenkins Commission]] |Employment and Social Affairs (vice-president) |- | 5 | [[Ivor Richard]] | {{Flagu|United Kingdom}} | 1981–1985 | [[Thorn Commission]] |Employment and Social Affairs |- | 6 | [[Alois Pfeiffer]] | {{flagu|West Germany}} | 1985–1987 | rowspan="4" | [[Delors Commission]] I | rowspan="2" |Economic affairs and employment |- | 7 | [[Peter Schmidhuber]] | {{flagu|West Germany}} | 1987–1989 |- | 8 | [[Peter Sutherland]] | {{Flagu|Ireland}} | 1985–1989 |Competition, social affairs and education |- | 9 | [[Manuel Marin]] | {{Flagu|Spain}} | 1986–1989 |Competition, social affairs and education (vice-president) |- | 10 | [[Vasso Papandreou]] | {{Flagu|Greece}} | 1989–1992 | [[Delors Commission]] II |Employment, industrial relations and social affairs |- | rowspan="2" | 11 | rowspan="2" | [[Pádraig Flynn]] | rowspan="2" | {{Flagu|Ireland}} | 1993–1995 | [[Delors Commission]] III |Social affairs and employment |- | 1994–1999 |[[Santer Commission]] | Employment and Social Affairs and relations with the EESC |- | 13 | [[Anna Diamantopoulou]] | {{Flagu|Greece}} | 1999–2004 | rowspan="2" | [[Prodi Commission]] | rowspan="2" |Employment and Social Affairs |- | 14 | [[Stavros Dimas]] | {{Flagu|Greece}} | 2004 |- | 14 | [[Vladimír Špidla]] | {{Flagu|Czech Republic}} | 2004–2010 | [[Barroso Commission]] I |Employment, Social Affairs and Equal Opportunities |- | 15 | [[László Andor]] | {{Flagu|Hungary}} | 2010–2014 | [[Barroso Commission]] II |Employment, Social Affairs and Inclusion |- | 16 | [[Marianne Thyssen]] | {{Flagu|Belgium}} | 2014–2019 | [[Juncker Commission]] |Employment, Social Affairs, Skills and Labour Mobility |- | 17 | [[Nicolas Schmit]] | {{Flagu|Luxembourg}} | 2019-2024 | [[Von der Leyen Commission I|Von der Leyen Commission]] | Jobs and Social Rights |- | 18 | [[Roxana Mînzatu]] | {{Flagu|Romania}} | Incumbent | [[Von der Leyen Commission II]] | Social Rights and Skills, Quality Jobs and Preparedness |}
===Energy=== {{Main|European Commissioner for Energy}}
The Commissioner holds responsibility for the [[Energy policy of the European Union|European Union's energy policy]] as well as nuclear issues ([[Euratom]]). The [[Directorate-General]] for this portfolio is shared with the [[European Commissioner for Transport|Commissioner for Transport]] as the [[Directorate-General for Transport and Energy (European Commission)|Directorate-General for Mobility and Transport]].
The EU is an active supporter of the [[Kyoto Protocol]], which it signed alongside its member-states. In March 2007 the Union committed itself to cut {{CO2}} emissions by 20 percent by 2020.[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/6432829.stm EU agrees on carbon dioxide cuts] There is also a desire to reduce dependency on [[Russia]]n energy supplies following the disputes between Russia and [[Belarus]] and [[Ukraine]].<ref>See also [[2007 Russia–Belarus energy dispute]] and [[Russia–Ukraine gas disputes]]</ref> In April 2007 five southern European countries signed a deal to build an [[oil pipeline]] from the [[Black Sea]] to [[Italy]] which will help diversify energy sources.[http://www.euractiv.com/en/energy/black-sea-oil-pipeline-to-start-flowing-by-2012/article-162998?Ref=RSS]
{| class="wikitable" ! !Name !Country !Period !Commission !Portfolio actual name |- | 1 | [[Wilhelm Haferkamp]] | {{flagu|West Germany}} | 1967–1973 | [[Rey Commission]], [[Malfatti Commission]], [[Mansholt Commission]] | |- | 2 | [[Henri François Simonet]] | {{Flagu|Belgium}} | 1973–1977 | [[Ortoli Commission]] | |- | 3 | [[Guido Brunner]] | {{flagu|West Germany}} | 1977–1981 | [[Jenkins Commission (EU)|Jenkins Commission]] |Energy, Research, Science |- | 4 | [[Étienne Davignon]] | {{Flagu|Belgium}} | 1981–1985 | [[Thorn Commission]] |Industrial Affairs, Energy, Research and Science (vice-president) |- | 5 | [[Nicolas Mosar]] | {{Flagu|Luxembourg}} | 1985–1989 | [[Delors Commission]] I |Energy & Euratom |- | 6 | [[Antonio Cardoso e Cunha]] | {{Flagu|Portugal}} | 1989–1993 | [[Delors Commission]] II |Energy, Euratom, small businesses; staff and translation |- | 7 | [[Marcelino Oreja]] | {{Flagu|Spain}} | 1993–1994 | rowspan="2" | [[Delors Commission]] III | rowspan="2" |Transport and energy |- | 8 | [[Abel Matutes]] | {{Flagu|Spain}} | 1994–1995 |- | 9 | [[Christos Papoutsis]] | {{Flagu|Greece}} | 1995–1999 | [[Santer Commission]] |Energy, Euratom Supply Agency, SMEs and Tourism |- | 10 | [[Loyola de Palacio]] | {{Flagu|Spain}} | 1999–2004 | [[Prodi Commission]] |Inter-Institutional Relations and Administration, Transport and Energy (vice-president) |- | 11 | [[Andris Piebalgs]] | {{Flagu|Latvia}} | 2004–2010 | [[Barroso Commission]] I |Energy |- | 12 | [[Günther Oettinger]] | {{Flagu|Germany}} | 2010–2014 | [[Barroso Commission]] II |Energy (vice-president) |- | 13 | [[Miguel Arias Cañete]] | {{Flagu|Spain}} | rowspan="2" | 2014–2019 | rowspan="2" | [[Juncker Commission]] |Climate Action and Energy |- | 14 | [[Maroš Šefčovič]] | {{Flagu|Slovakia}} |Energy Union (vice-president) |- | 15 | [[Kadri Simson]] | {{Flagu|Estonia}} | 2019-2024 | [[Von der Leyen Commission I|Von der Leyen Commission]] | Energy |- | 16 | [[Dan Jørgensen]] | {{Flagu|Denmark}} | Incmubent | [[Von der Leyen Commission II]] | Energy and Housing |}
===Enlargement, European Neighbourhood Policy and External Relations=== {{Main|European Commissioner for Enlargement and European Neighbourhood Policy}}
The Commissioner for Enlargement and the [[European Neighbourhood Policy]] is concerned with foreign policy towards the EU's nearest neighbours. The [[Enlargement of the European Union|enlargement]] portfolio began to be created out of the regionalised foreign policy posts. In particular the [[Santer Commission]] post for relations with central and eastern Europe as those countries began applying to join. The Neighbourhood Policy element was created in 2004 as part of the External Relations portfolio. When that portfolio was absorbed by the High Representative in 2009, Neighbourhood Policy was transferred to Trade and then to Enlargement in 2010 under the Second Barroso Commission.
{| class="wikitable" ! !Name !Country !Period !Commission !Portfolio actual name |- | |[[Lorenzo Natali]] |{{Flagu|Italy}} | rowspan="2" |1977–1981 | rowspan="2" |[[Jenkins Commission (EU)|Jenkins Commission]] |Enlargement, Environment, Nuclear Safety |- | rowspan="2" | | rowspan="2" |[[Wilhelm Haferkamp]] | rowspan="2" |{{Flagu|Germany}} | rowspan="2" |External Relations (vice-president) |- | rowspan="2" |1981–1985 | rowspan="2" |[[Thorn Commission]] |- | | rowspan="2" |[[Lorenzo Natali]] | rowspan="2" |{{Flagu|Italy}} |Mediterranean Policy, Enlargement and Information (vice-president) |- | | rowspan="3" |1985–1989 | rowspan="3" |[[Delors Commission]] I |Cooperation, development affairs and enlargement (vice-president) |- | |[[Claude Cheysson]] |{{Flagu|France}} |Mediterranean policy and north–south relations |- | |[[Willy De Clercq]] |{{Flagu|Belgium}} |External relations and trade policy |- | |[[Frans Andriessen]] |{{Flagu|Netherlands}} |1989–1992 | rowspan="2" |[[Delors Commission]] II |External relations and trade policy (vice-president) |- | |[[Abel Matutes]] |{{Flagu|Spain}} |1989–1992 |Mediterranean and Latin American policy |- | |[[Hans van den Broek]] |{{Flagu|Netherlands}} |1993–1994 |[[Delors Commission]] III |External relations and enlargement |- | |[[Leon Brittan]] |{{Flagu|United Kingdom}} | rowspan="4" |1995–1999 | rowspan="4" |[[Santer Commission]] |Commercial Policy and External Relations (vice-president) |- | |[[Manuel Marin]] |{{Flagu|Spain}} |External Relations (vice-president) |- | |[[João de Deus Pinheiro]] |{{Flagu|Portugal}} |Relations with African, Caribbean, Pacific Countries |- | |[[Hans van den Broek]] |{{Flagu|Netherlands}} |Relations with central and eastern Europe, CFSP and the External Service, South Africa and the Lomé Convention |- | |[[Chris Patten]] |{{Flagu|United Kingdom}} | rowspan="2" |1999–2004 | rowspan="3" |[[Prodi Commission]] |External Relations |- | |[[Günter Verheugen]] |{{Flagu|Germany}} | rowspan="3" |Enlargement |- | |[[Janez Potočnik]] |{{Flagu|Slovenia}} | 2004 |- | |[[Olli Rehn]] |{{Flagu|Finland}} | rowspan="2" | 2004–2010 | rowspan="2" |[[Barroso Commission]] I |- | |[[Benita Ferrero-Waldner]] |{{Flagu|Austria}} |External Relations and European Neighbourhood Policy |- | |[[Štefan Füle]] |{{Flagu|Czech Republic}} | 2010–2014 |[[Barroso Commission]] II |Enlargement and European Neighbourhood Policy |- | |[[Johannes Hahn]] |{{Flagu|Austria}} | 2014–2019 |[[Juncker Commission]] |European Neighbourhood Policy and Enlargement Negotiations |- | | [[Olivér Várhelyi]] | {{Flagu|Hungary}} | 2019-2024 | [[Von der Leyen Commission I|Von der Leyen Commission]] | Neighbourhood and Enlargement |- | | [[Marta Kos]] | {{Flagu|Slovenia}} | Incumbent | [[Von der Leyen Commission II]] | Enlargement |}
===Environment=== {{Main|European Commissioner for the Environment}}
The Commissioner for the Environment is responsible for protection of the [[European Union]]'s environment. Specific actions relating to [[climate change]] are under the responsibility of the Climate Action commissioner as of 2010.
The EU has made a number of environmental moves, partially in regards to climate change. Most notably it signed the [[Kyoto Protocol]] in 1998, set up its [[European Union Emission Trading Scheme|Emission Trading Scheme]] in 2005 and is agreeing to unilaterally cut its emissions by 20% by 2020. (See: [[Energy policy of the European Union]]). Other policies include; the [[Natura 2000]] a widespread and successful network of nature conservation sites, the [[Registration, Evaluation and Authorisation of Chemicals]] (REACH) directive requiring safety testing on widely used chemicals and the [[Water Framework Directive]] ensuring water quality reaches higher standards.
For more, see [[European Climate Change Programme]], [[European Union Emission Trading Scheme]], [[Renewable energy in the European Union]] and the [[Directorate-General for the Environment (European Commission)|Directorate-General for the Environment]].
{| class="wikitable" ! !Name !Country !Period !Commission !Portfolio actual name |- | |[[Lorenzo Natali]] |{{Flagu|Italy}} |1977–1981 |[[Jenkins Commission (EU)|Jenkins Commission]] |Enlargement, Environment, Nuclear Safety |- | |[[Karl-Heinz Narjes]] |{{Flagu|Germany}} |1981–1985 |[[Thorn Commission]] |Internal Market, Industrial Innovation, Customs Union, the Environment, Consumer Protection and Nuclear Safety |- | |[[Stanley Clinton Davis]] |{{Flagu|United Kingdom}} |1985–1989 |[[Delors Commission]] I |Environment, consumer protection and transport |- | |[[Carlo Ripa di Meana]] |{{Flagu|Italy}} |1989–1993 |[[Delors Commission]] II |Environment, nuclear safety and civil protection |- | | [[Ioannis Paleokrassas]] | {{Flagu|Greece}} | 1993–1995 | [[Delors Commission]] III |Environment, fisheries |- | | [[Ritt Bjerregaard]] | {{Flagu|Denmark}} | 1995–1999 | [[Santer Commission]] |Environment and nuclear security |- | | [[Margot Wallström]] | {{Flagu|Sweden}} | 1999–2004 | [[Prodi Commission]] | rowspan="3" |Environment |- | | [[Stavros Dimas]] | {{Flagu|Greece}} | 2004–2010 | [[Barroso Commission]] I |- | |[[Janez Potočnik]] |{{Flagu|Slovenia}} | 2010–2014 |[[Barroso Commission]] II |- | |[[Karmenu Vella]] |{{Flagu|Malta}} | 2014–2019 |[[Juncker Commission]] |Environment, Maritime Affairs and Fisheries |- | |[[Virginijus Sinkevičius]] |{{Flagu|Lithuania}} |2019-20224 |[[Von der Leyen Commission I|Von der Leyen Commission]] |Environment, Oceans and Fisheries |- | |[[Costas Kadis]] |{{Flagu|Cyprus}} |Incumbent |[[Von der Leyen Commission II]] |Fisheries and Oceans |}
===Budget and Human Resources=== {{Main|European Commissioner for Budget and Human Resources}}
The Commissioner for Budget and Human Resources is primarily responsible for the management of the [[budget of the European Union]] and related financial issues except for ''budgetary discharge'' which falls under the Commissioner for administration commissioner. Previously simply for the budget, the position expanded under the [[Prodi Commission]] to include financial programming. The related DG is the [[Directorate-General for Budget]].
Under Commissioner Grybauskaitė, Commissioner's 121.6 billion euro 2008 budget proposed that for the first time funding for [[Sustainable development|sustainable growth]] (€57.2 billion) would be higher than that of the [[Common Agricultural Policy]] (€56.3 billion), traditionally the largest source of expenditure in the EU. There would be an increase in [[Structural Funds and Cohesion Funds|cohesion funds]], [[Energy policy of the European Union|energy]] and [[European Commissioner for Transport|transport]] of 14%, [[European Commissioner for Science and Research|research]] by 11% and lifelong learning by 9%. There would also be an increase in the administrative budget, aid to Kosovo and [[Palestinian National Authority|Palestinian]] institutions and funds towards the [[Galileo positioning system|Galileo project]]. [http://euobserver.com/19/24012?rss_rk=1 Group of EU states wary of 2008 budget plan]
{| class="wikitable" ! !Name !Country !Period !Commission !Portfolio actual name |- | | [[Albert Coppé]] | {{Flagu|Belgium}} | 1967–1973 | [[Malfatti Commission]], [[Mansholt Commission]] | |- | | [[Wilhelm Haferkamp]] | {{Flagu|Germany}} | 1973–1977 | [[Ortoli Commission]] | |- | rowspan="2" | | rowspan="2" | [[Christopher Tugendhat]] | rowspan="2" | {{Flagu|United Kingdom}} | 1977–1981 |[[Jenkins Commission (EU)|Jenkins Commission]] |Budget and Financial Control, Financial Institutions |- |1981–1985 | rowspan="3" |[[Thorn Commission]] |Budget and Financial Control, Financial Institutions and Taxation (vice-president) |- | |[[Michael O'Kennedy]] |{{Flagu|Ireland}} |1981–1982 | rowspan="2" |Personnel and Administration |- | |[[Richard Burke (Irish politician)|Richard Burke]] |{{Flagu|Ireland}} |1982–1985 |- | | [[Henning Christophersen]] | {{Flagu|Denmark}} | 1985–1989 | [[Delors Commission]] I |Budget, financial control, personnel and administration |- | |[[Antonio Cardoso e Cunha]] |{{Flagu|Portugal}} | rowspan="2" |1989–1993 | rowspan="2" |[[Delors Commission]] II |Energy, Euratom, small businesses; staff and translation |- | rowspan="2" | | rowspan="2" |[[Peter Schmidhuber]] | rowspan="2" |{{Flagu|Germany}} |Budget |- |1993–1995 |[[Delors Commission]] III |Budget, financial control and the cohesion fund |- | | [[Erkki Liikanen]] | {{Flagu|Finland}} | 1995–1999 | [[Santer Commission]] |Budget, Personnel and Administration |- | | [[Michaele Schreyer]] | {{Flagu|Germany}} | 1999–2004 | rowspan="2" | [[Prodi Commission]] | rowspan="2" |Budget |- | | [[Marcos Kyprianou]] | {{Flagu|Cyprus}} | 2004 |- | | [[Dalia Grybauskaitė]] | {{Flagu|Lithuania}} | 2004–2009 | rowspan="2" | [[Barroso Commission]] I | rowspan="4" |Financial Programming and the Budget |- | | [[Algirdas Šemeta]] | {{Flagu|Lithuania}} | 2009–2010 |- | | [[Janusz Lewandowski]] | {{Flagu|Poland}} | 2010–2014 | rowspan="3" | [[Barroso Commission]] II |- | | [[Jacek Dominik]] | {{Flagu|Poland}} | 2014 |- | |[[Maroš Šefčovič]] |{{Flagu|Slovakia}} |2010–2014 |Inter-Institutional Relations and Administration (vice-president) |- | | [[Kristalina Georgieva]] | {{Flagu|Bulgaria}} | 2014–2016 | rowspan="2" | [[Juncker Commission]] |Budget and Human Resources (vice-president) |- | | [[Günther Oettinger]] | {{Flagu|Germany}} | 2017–2019 |Budget and Human Resources |- | |[[Johannes Hahn]] |{{Flagu|Austria}} |2019-2024 |[[Von der Leyen Commission I|Von der Leyen Commission]] |Budget and Administration |- | |[[Piotr Serafin]] |{{Flagu|Poland}} |Incumbent |[[Von der Leyen Commission II]] |Budget, Anti-Fraud and Public Administration |}
===Financial Stability, Financial Services and Capital Markets Union=== {{Main|European Commissioner for Financial Stability Financial Services and Capital Markets Union}}
The Commissioner for Financial Stability, Financial Services and Capital Markets Union is responsible for banking and finance. It was a role created under the Juncker Commission.
{| class="wikitable" ! !Name !Country !Period !Commission !Portfolio actual name |- | | rowspan="2" |[[Christopher Tugendhat]] | rowspan="2" |{{Flagu|United Kingdom}} |1977–1981 |[[Jenkins Commission (EU)|Jenkins Commission]] |Budget and Financial Control, Financial Institutions |- | |1981–1985 |[[Thorn Commission]] |Budget and Financial Control, Financial Institutions and Taxation (vice-president) |- | |[[Henning Christophersen]] |{{Flagu|Denmark}} |1985–1989 | rowspan="2" |[[Delors Commission]] I |Budget, financial control, personnel and administration |- | |[[Abel Matutes]] |{{Flagu|Spain}} |1986–1989 |Credit, investments, financial instruments and small & medium-sized enterprises |- | |[[Leon Brittan|Sir Leon Brittan]] |{{Flagu|United Kingdom}} |1989–1992 |[[Delors Commission]] II |Competition and financial institutions (vice-president) |- | |[[Peter Schmidhuber]] |{{Flagu|Germany}} |1993–1994 |[[Delors Commission]] III |Budget, financial control and the cohesion fund |- | |[[Anita Gradin]] |{{Flagu|Sweden}} |1995–1999 |[[Santer Commission]] |Immigration, Justice & Home Affairs, Financial Control, Anti-fraud and Relations with the European Ombudsman. |- | |[[Jonathan Hill, Baron Hill of Oareford|Jonathan Hill]] |{{Flagu|United Kingdom}} | 2014–2016 |[[Juncker Commission]] |Financial Stability, Financial Services and Capital Markets Union |- | rowspan="2" | | rowspan="2" |[[Valdis Dombrovskis]] | rowspan="2" |{{Flagu|Latvia}} | 2016–2019 |[[Juncker Commission]] |Euro and Social Dialogue and Financial Stability, Financial Services and Capital Markets Union (vice-president) |- |2019–2020 |[[Von der Leyen Commission I|Von der Leyen Commission]] |Financial Markets |- | |[[Mairead McGuinness]] |{{Flagu|Ireland}} |2019-2024 |[[Von der Leyen Commission I|Von der Leyen Commission]] |Financial Stability, Financial Services and Capital Markets Union |- | |[[Maria Luís Albuquerque]] |{{Flagu|Portugal}} |Incumbent |[[Von der Leyen Commission II|Von der Leyen Commission]] |Financial Services and the Savings and Investments Union |}
=== Institutional Reform, Democracy and Demography === {| class="wikitable" ! !Name !Country !Period !Commission !Portfolio actual name |- | |[[Neil Kinnock]] |{{Flagu|United Kingdom}} |1999–2004 |[[Prodi Commission]] |Administrative reform (vice-president) |- | |[[Carlo Ripa di Meana]] |{{Flagu|Italy}} |1985–1989 |[[Delors Commission]] I |Institutional reforms, information policy, culture and tourism |- | |[[Raniero Vanni d'Archirafi]] |{{Flagu|Italy}} |1993–1994 |[[Delors Commission]] III |Institutional reform, internal market and enterprise |- | |[[Dubravka Šuica]] |{{Flagu|Croatia}} |2019-2024 |[[Von der Leyen Commission I|Von der Leyen Commission]] |Democracy and Demography (Vice-President) |}
===Health and Consumer Protection=== {{Main|European Commissioner for Health and Consumer Policy}}
The Commissioner for Health and Consumer Policy is responsible for matters of public health, food safety, animal health, welfare and consumer affairs. Between 2007 and 2010 it was split into a Commissioner for Health and a Commissioner for Consumer Protection – in order to give a portfolio for the incoming Bulgarian Commissioner. It was recombined under the second Barroso Commission.
{| class="wikitable" ! !Name !Country !Period !Commission !Portfolio actual name |- | |[[Richard Burke (Irish politician)|Richard Burke]] |{{Flagu|Ireland}} | 1977–1981 |[[Jenkins Commission (EU)|Jenkins Commission]] |Taxation, Consumer Affairs, Transport |- | |[[Karl-Heinz Narjes]] |{{Flagu|Germany}} | 1981–1985 |[[Thorn Commission]] |Internal Market, Industrial Innovation, Customs Union, the Environment, Consumer Protection and Nuclear Safety |- | |[[Stanley Clinton Davis]] | {{Flagu|United Kingdom}} | 1985–1989 | rowspan="2" |[[Delors Commission]] I |Environment, consumer protection and transport |- | | [[Grigoris Varfis]] | {{Flagu|Greece}} | 1986–1989 |Relations with the European Parliament, regional policy and consumer protection |- | | [[Karel Van Miert]] | {{Flagu|Belgium}} | 1989–1992 | [[Delors Commission]] II |Transport and consumer protection |- | |[[Christiane Scrivener]] |{{Flagu|France}} | 1992–1994 |[[Delors Commission]] III |Taxation, customs union and consumer policies |- | | [[Emma Bonino]] | {{Flagu|Italy}} | 1995–1999 | [[Santer Commission]] |Consumer Policy, Fisheries and ECHO |- | | [[David Byrne (barrister)|David Byrne]] | {{Flagu|Ireland}} | 1999–2004 | rowspan="2" | [[Prodi Commission]] | rowspan="2" |Health and Consumer Protection |- | | [[Pavel Telička]] | {{Flagu|Czech Republic}} | 2004 |- | | [[Markos Kyprianou]] | {{Flagu|Cyprus}} | 2004–2008 | rowspan="3" | [[Barroso Commission]] I | rowspan="2" |Health |- | |[[Androulla Vassiliou]] |{{Flagu|Cyprus}} |2008–2010 |- | | [[Meglena Kuneva]] | {{Flagu|Bulgaria}} | 2007–2010 |Consumer Protection |- | | [[John Dalli]] | {{Flagu|Malta}} | 2010–2012 | rowspan="3" | [[Barroso Commission]] II |Health and Consumer Policy |- | |[[Tonio Borg]] |{{Flagu|Malta}} |2012–2014 |Health |- | |[[Neven Mimica]] |{{Flagu|Croatia}} |2013–2014 |Consumer Protection |- | | [[Vytenis Andriukaitis]] | {{Flagu|Lithuania}} | 2014–2019 | rowspan="2" |[[Juncker Commission]] |Health and Food Safety |- | |[[Věra Jourová]] |{{Flagu|Czech Republic}} |2014–2019 |Justice and Consumers |- | |[[Stella Kyriakidou]] |{{Flagu|Cyprus}} |2019-2024 |[[Von der Leyen Commission I|Von der Leyen Commission]] |Health and Food Safety |- | |[[Olivér Várhelyi]] |{{Flagu|Hungary}} |Incumbent |[[Von der Leyen Commission II]] |Health and Animal Welfare |}
===High Representative=== {{Main|High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy}}
The High Representative became a Commissioner on 1 December 2009, replacing the External Relations Commissioner (see historical below). Although other external relations posts continue to exist, such as trade, the High Representative is the most senior foreign affairs post in the EU.
===Home Affairs=== {{main|European Commissioner for Home Affairs}}
The Commissioner for Home Affairs was created in 2010 by dividing the previous Justice, Freedom and Security portfolio into a security orientated post (DG HOME) and a post centred on justice, on individual and fundamental rights (DG JUST). Its DG is the [[Directorate-General for Home Affairs (European Commission)|Directorate-General for Migration and Home Affairs]] (DG HOME).
{| class="wikitable" !Name !Country !Period !Commission !Portfolio actual name |- |[[Anita Gradin]] |{{Flagu|Sweden}} |1995–1999 |[[Santer Commission]] |Immigration, Justice & Home Affairs, Financial Control, Anti-fraud and Relations with the European Ombudsman. |- |[[António Vitorino]] |{{Flagu|Portugal}} |1999–2004 |[[Prodi Commission]] |Justice and Home Affairs |- |[[Franco Frattini]] |{{Flagu|Italy}} |2004–2008 | rowspan="2" |[[Barroso Commission]] I | rowspan="2" |Justice, Freedom and Security (vice-president) |- |[[Jacques Barrot]] |{{Flagu|France}} |2008–2009 |- |[[Cecilia Malmström]] |{{Flagu|Sweden}} | 2010–2014 | rowspan="3" |[[Barroso Commission]] II |Home Affairs |- |[[Viviane Reding]] |{{Flagu|Luxembourg}} |2010–2014 |Justice, Fundamental Rights and Citizenship (vice-president) |- |[[Martine Reicherts]] |{{Flagu|Luxembourg}} |2014 |Justice, Fundamental Rights and Citizenship |- | [[Dimitris Avramopoulos]] | {{Flagu|Greece}} |2014–2019 | [[Juncker Commission]] |Migration, Home Affairs and Citizenship |- |[[Margaritis Schinas]] |{{Flagu|Greece}} |2019–2024 | rowspan="2" |[[Von der Leyen Commission I|Von der Leyen Commission]] |Promoting our European Way of Life (vice-president) |- |[[Ylva Johansson]] |{{Flagu|Sweden}} |2019–2024 |Home Affairs |- |[[Magnus Brunner]] |{{Flagu|Austria}} |incumbent |[[Von der Leyen Commission II]] | Internal Affairs and Migration |}
===Industry and Entrepreneurship=== {{Main| European Commissioner for Prosperity and Industrial Strategy}}
The Commissioner for Enterprise and Industry post was enlarged from the Commissioner for Enterprise and Information Society portfolio in the [[Prodi Commission]] to include Industry. At the start of the first [[Barroso Commission]], Germany, backed by Britain and France suggested an economic "super-commissioner"<ref name="euractiv.com"/> to fight for [[Competition (companies)|competitiveness]]. Although rejected, this idea though has been taken on by Verheugen, as the Enterprise and Industry portfolio was enlarged and was made a [[Vice-President of the European Commission|Vice President]].<ref name="bmbrussels.be"/>
As Commissioner, he indicates his aim to increase the competitiveness of Europe, there is a separate [[Commissioner for Competition]] dealing with competition between companies within Europe. However, with the numerous economic portfolios, there is a degree of overlap which has been a matter of concern for him along with the purported difficulty of firing [[Directorate-General|director-generals]]. This Commissioner also chairs the ''Competitiveness Council Commissioners Group'' and is the vice chair of the ''Group of Commissioners on the [[Lisbon Strategy]]''. He is expected to be the European chair of the new [[Transatlantic Economic Council]]. The relevant DG is [[Directorate-General for Enterprise and Industry (European Commission)|Directorate-General for Enterprise and Industry]].
{| class="wikitable" ! !Name !Country !Period !Commission !Portfolio actual name |- | rowspan="2" | | rowspan="2" |[[Étienne Davignon]] | rowspan="2" |{{Flagu|Belgium}} |1977–1981 |[[Jenkins Commission (EU)|Jenkins Commission]] |Internal Market, Customs Union, Industrial Affairs |- | rowspan="2" |1981–1985 | rowspan="2" |[[Thorn Commission]] |Industrial Affairs, Energy, Research and Science (vice-president) |- | |[[Karl-Heinz Narjes]] |{{Flagu|Germany}} |Internal Market, Industrial Innovation, Customs Union, the Environment, Consumer Protection and Nuclear Safety |- | |[[Karl-Heinz Narjes]] |{{Flagu|Germany}} |1985–1989 | rowspan="2" |[[Delors Commission]] I |Industry, information technology and science and research (vice-president) |- | |[[Abel Matutes]] |{{Flagu|Spain}} |1986–1989 |Credit, investments, financial instruments and small & medium-sized enterprises |- | |[[Martin Bangemann]] |{{Flagu|Germany}} | rowspan="3" |1989–1992 | rowspan="3" |[[Delors Commission]] II |Internal market and industrial affairs (vice-president) |- | |[[Antonio Cardoso e Cunha]] |{{Flagu|Portugal}} |Energy, Euratom, small businesses; staff and translation |- | |[[Vasso Papandreou]] |{{Flagu|Greece}} |Employment, industrial relations and social affairs |- | |[[Martin Bangemann]] |{{Flagu|Germany}} | rowspan="2" |1993–1994 | rowspan="2" |[[Delors Commission]] III |Internal market, industrial affairs and ICT (vice-president) |- | |[[Raniero Vanni d'Archirafi]] |{{Flagu|Italy}} |Institutional reform, internal market and enterprise |- | |[[Martin Bangemann]] |{{Flagu|Germany}} | rowspan="2" |1995–1999 | rowspan="2" |[[Santer Commission]] |Industrial affairs, [[European Commissioner for Information Society & Media|Information & Telecommunications Technologies]] |- | |[[Christos Papoutsis]] |{{Flagu|Greece}} |Energy, Euratom Supply Agency, SMEs and Tourism |- | |[[Erkki Liikanen]] |{{Flagu|Finland}} | 1999–2004 | rowspan="3" |[[Prodi Commission]] | rowspan="3" |Enterprise and Information Society |- | |[[Olli Rehn]] |{{Flagu|Finland}} |2004 |- | | [[Ján Figeľ]] | {{Flagu|Slovakia}} | 2004 |- | | [[Günter Verheugen]] | {{Flagu|Germany}} | 2004–2010 | [[Barroso Commission]] I |Enterprise and Industry (vice-president) |- | | [[Antonio Tajani]] | {{Flagu|Italy}} | 2010–2014 | rowspan="2" | [[Barroso Commission]] II |Industry and Entrepreneurship (vice-president) |- | |[[Ferdinando Nelli Feroci]] |{{Flagu|Italy}} |2014 |Industry and Entrepreneurship |- | |[[Elżbieta Bieńkowska]] |{{Flagu|Poland}} | 2014–2019 |[[Juncker Commission]] |Internal Market, Industry, Entrepreneurship and SMEs |- | |[[Thierry Breton]] |{{Flagu|France}} |2019-2024 |[[Von der Leyen Commission I|Von der Leyen Commission]] |Internal Market |- | |[[Stéphane Séjourné]] |{{Flagu|France}} |Incumbent |[[Von der Leyen Commission II]] |Prosperity and Industrial Strategy |}
===Internal Market=== {{Main|European Commissioner for Internal Market and Services}}
The Commissioner for Internal Market and Services concerned the development of the 480-million-strong [[European Union|European]] [[single market]], promoting [[Four Freedoms (European Union)|free movement of people, goods, services and capital]]. The related DG is [[Directorate-General for Internal Market and Services (European Commission)|Directorate-General for Internal Market and Services]] and it is also related to the [[Office for Harmonization in the Internal Market]].
Commissioner [[Frits Bolkestein]] (Netherlands) served in the [[Prodi Commission]] between 1999 and 2004. In addition to holding the Internal Market portfolio he also held [[European Commissioner for Taxation and Customs Union|Taxation and Customs Union]]. Bolkestein is most notable for the [[Directive on services in the internal market]], which is commonly called the "Bolkestein Directive". The directive aimed at enabling a company from a one [[List of European Union member states|member-state]] to recruit workers in another member-state under the law of the company's home state. It was to help the development of the [[European Single Market|internal market]] for services, the development of which has lagged behind that for goods. However, there was a great deal of concern about its effect on social standards and welfare, triggering competition between various parts of Europe. This led to significant protests across Europe against the directive including a notable protest at the European Parliament in [[Strasbourg]] by port workers which led to damage to the building. MEPs eventually reached a compromise on the text and the Parliament adopted it on 12 December 2006; 2 years after Bolkestein left office, under the [[Barroso Commission]].
The portfolio was merged in 2014 with [[European Commissioner for Industry and Entrepreneurship|the one for Industry and Entrepreneurship]].
{| class="wikitable" ! !Name !Country !Period !Commission !Portfolio actual name |- | | [[Piero Malvestiti]] | {{Flagu|Italy}} | 1958–1959 | [[Hallstein Commission]] I | |- | | [[Giuseppe Caron]] | {{Flagu|Italy}} | 1959–1963 | [[Hallstein Commission]] I & II | |- | | [[Guido Colonna di Paliano]] | {{Flagu|Italy}} | 1964–1967 | [[Hallstein Commission]] II | |- | | [[Hans von der Groeben]] | {{flagu|West Germany}} | 1967–1970 | [[Rey Commission]] | |- | | [[Wilhelm Haferkamp]] | {{flagu|West Germany}} | 1970–1973 | [[Malfatti Commission]], [[Mansholt Commission]] | |- | | [[Finn Olav Gundelach]] | {{Flagu|Denmark}} | 1973–1977 | [[Ortoli Commission]] | |- | | [[Étienne Davignon]] | {{Flagu|Belgium}} | 1977–1981 | [[Jenkins Commission (EU)|Jenkins Commission]] |Internal Market, Customs Union, Industrial Affairs |- | | [[Karl-Heinz Narjes]] | {{Flagu|Germany}} | 1981–1985 | [[Thorn Commission]] |Internal Market, Industrial Innovation, Customs Union, the Environment, Consumer Protection and Nuclear Safety |- | | [[Lord Cockfield]] | {{Flagu|United Kingdom}} | 1985–1989 | [[Delors Commission]] I |Internal market, tax law and customs |- | rowspan="2" | | rowspan="2" | [[Martin Bangemann]] | rowspan="2" | {{Flagu|Germany}} | 1989–1992 | [[Delors Commission]] II |Internal market and industrial affairs (vice-president) |- |1993–1994 |[[Delors Commission]] III |Internal market, industrial affairs and ICT (vice-president) |- | |[[Raniero Vanni d'Archirafi]] |{{Flagu|Italy}} | 1993–1994 |[[Delors Commission]] III |Institutional reform, internal market and enterprise |- | | [[Mario Monti]] | {{Flagu|Italy}} | 1994–1999 | [[Santer Commission]] |Internal Market, Services, Customs and Taxation |- | | [[Frits Bolkestein]] | {{Flagu|Netherlands}} | 1999–2004 | [[Prodi Commission]] |Internal Market |- | | [[Charlie McCreevy]] | {{Flagu|Ireland}} | 2004–2010 | [[Barroso Commission]] I |Internal Market and Services |- | | [[Michel Barnier]] | {{Flagu|France}} | 2010–2014 | [[Barroso Commission]] II |Internal Market and Services (vice-president) |- | |[[Elżbieta Bieńkowska]] |{{Flagu|Poland}} | 2014–2019 |[[Juncker Commission]] |Internal Market, Industry, Entrepreneurship and SMEs |- | |[[Thierry Breton]] |{{Flagu|France}} |2019-2024 |[[Von der Leyen Commission I|Von der Leyen Commission]] |Internal Market |- | |[[Stéphane Séjourné]] |{{Flagu|France}} |Incumbent |[[Von der Leyen Commission II]] |Prosperity and Industrial Strategy |}
=== International Cooperation, Humanitarian Aid, Civil Protection and Crisis Management === {{main|European Commissioner for International Cooperation, Humanitarian Aid and Crisis Response}}
The Commissioner for International Cooperation, Humanitarian Aid and Crisis Response was created under the second Barroso Commission in 2010 . It deals in party with dealing with humanitarian disasters and [[humanitarian aid]]: the EU is the [[ECHO (European Commission)|largest supplier of aid]] in the world.
{| class="wikitable" ! !Name !Country !Period !Commission !Portfolio actual name |- | |[[Robert Lemaignen]] |{{Flagu|France}} | 1958–1962 |[[Hallstein Commission]] | |- | |[[Henri Rochereau]] |{{Flagu|France}} | 1962–1970 |[[Hallstein Commission]], [[Rey Commission]] | |- | |[[Jean-François Deniau]] |{{Flagu|France}} | 1967–1973 |[[Rey Commission]], [[Malfatti Commission]], [[Mansholt Commission]] | |- | |[[Claude Cheysson]] |{{Flagu|France}} | 1973–1981 |[[Ortoli Commission]], [[Jenkins Commission (EU)|Jenkins Commission]], [[Thorn Commission]] | |- | |[[Edgard Pisani]] |{{Flagu|France}} | 1981–1985 |[[Thorn Commission]] | |- | |[[Lorenzo Natali]] |{{Flagu|Italy}} | 1985–1989 |[[Delors Commission]] I |Cooperation, development affairs and enlargement (vice-president) |- | |[[Carlo Ripa di Meana]] |{{Flagu|Italy}} | rowspan="2" |1989–1992 | rowspan="2" |[[Delors Commission]] II |Environment, nuclear safety and civil protection |- | rowspan="2" | | rowspan="2" |[[Manuel Marin]] | rowspan="2" |{{Flagu|Spain}} |Cooperation, development and fisheries (vice-president) |- |1992–1994 |[[Delors Commission]] III |Cooperation, development and humanitarian aid |- | |[[João de Deus Pinheiro]] |{{Flagu|Portugal}} | 1995–1999 | rowspan="2" |[[Santer Commission]] |Relations with African, Caribbean, Pacific Countries, South Africa and the Lomé Convention |- | |[[Emma Bonino]] |{{Flagu|Italy}} |1995–1999 |Consumer Policy, Fisheries and ECHO |- | |[[Poul Nielson]] |{{Flagu|Denmark}} | 1999–2004 | rowspan="2" |[[Prodi Commission]] | rowspan="2" |Development and Humanitarian Aid |- | |[[Joe Borg]] |{{Flagu|Malta}} | 2004 |- | |[[Benita Ferrero-Waldner]] |{{Flagu|Austria}} |2004–2010 | rowspan="3" |[[Barroso Commission]] I |External Relations and European Neighbourhood Policy |- | |[[Louis Michel]] |{{Flagu|Belgium}} | 2004–2009 | rowspan="2" |Development and Humanitarian Aid |- | |[[Karel De Gucht]] |{{Flagu|Belgium}} | 2009–2010 |- | |[[Kristalina Georgieva]] |{{Flagu|Bulgaria}} | 2010–2014 |[[Barroso Commission]] II |International Cooperation, Humanitarian Aid and Crisis Response |- | |[[Christos Stylianides]] |{{Flagu|Cyprus}} | 2014–2019 |[[Juncker Commission]] |Humanitarian Aid and Crisis Management |- | |[[Janez Lenarčič]] |{{Flagu|Slovenia}} |2019-2024 |[[Von der Leyen Commission I|Von der Leyen Commission]] |Crisis Management |- | |[[Hadja Lahbib]] |{{Flagu|Belgium}} |Incumbent |[[Von der Leyen Commission II]] | Preparedness and Crisis Management |}
===Interinstitutional Relations and Foresight=== The Vice President of the European Commission for Interinstitutional Relations and Foresight is responsible for the administration of the commission, including management of some of the commission's [[Internal Services in the European Commission|Internal Services]]; in particular consolidation of administrative reform, [[Human resources|personnel]] and administration, [[European Schools]] and security. The Commissioner is also responsible for the following departments; the [[Directorate-General for Personnel and Administration]], the Office for the Administration and Payment of Individual Entitlement, the [[Directorate-General for Informatics (European Commission)|Directorate-General for Informatics]], the [[Office of Infrastructure and Logistics (European Commission)|Office of Infrastructure and Logistics]], and relations with the [[European Personnel Selection Office]].<ref name="ec.europa.eu">{{Cite web|url=https://ec.europa.eu/archives/commission_2004-2009/index_en.htm|title=The Commissioners – Profiles, Portfolios and Homepages|website=ec.europa.eu}}</ref> The current Vice President is [[Maroš Šefčovič]].
Prior to 2010 it was also responsible for Audit and Anti-Fraud, now merged with taxation, but gain responsibility for relations with the other EU institutions.
{| class="wikitable" ! !Name !Country !Period !Commission !Portfolio actual name |- | |[[Frans Andriessen]] |{{Flagu|Netherlands}} |1981–1985 | rowspan="3" |[[Thorn Commission]] |Parliamentary Relations and Competition |- | |[[Michael O'Kennedy]] |{{Flagu|Ireland}} |1981–1982 | rowspan="2" |Personnel and Administration |- | |[[Richard Burke (Irish politician)|Richard Burke]] |{{Flagu|Ireland}} |1982–1985 |- | |[[Henning Christophersen]] |{{Flagu|Denmark}} | 1985–1988 | rowspan="2" |[[Delors Commission]] I |Budget, financial control, personnel and administration |- | |[[Grigoris Varfis]] |{{Flagu|Greece}} |1986–1988 |Relations with the European Parliament, regional policy and consumer protection |- | |[[Antonio Cardoso e Cunha]] |{{Flagu|Portugal}} |1989–1993 |[[Delors Commission]] II |Energy, Euratom, small businesses; staff and translation |- | |[[João de Deus Pinheiro]] |{{Flagu|Portugal}} |1993–1994 |[[Delors Commission]] III |Relations with Parliament, culture and audiovisual |- | |[[Erkki Liikanen]] |{{Flagu|Finland}} | rowspan="3" | 1995–1999 | rowspan="3" |[[Santer Commission]] |Budget, Personnel and Administration |- | |[[Marcelino Oreja]] |{{Flagu|Spain}} |Relations with the European Parliament, Culture, Audiovisual Policy |- | |[[Anita Gradin]] |{{Flagu|Sweden}} |Immigration, Justice & Home Affairs, Financial Control, Anti-fraud and Relations with the European Ombudsman. |- | |[[Loyola de Palacio]] |{{Flagu|Spain}} | 1999–2004 |[[Prodi Commission]] |European Commissioner for Interinstitutional Relations and Administration, Transport and Energy (vice-president) |- | |[[Margot Wallström]] |{{Flagu|Sweden}} | | rowspan="2" |[[Barroso Commission]] I |Institutional Relations and Communication Strategy (First Vice-President) |- | |[[Siim Kallas]] |{{Flagu|Estonia}} | 2004–2009 |Administrative Affairs, Audit and Anti-Fraud |- | |[[Maroš Šefčovič]] |{{Flagu|Slovakia}} | 2010–2014 |[[Barroso Commission]] II |Interinstitutional Relations and Administration (vice-president) |- | |[[Frans Timmermans]] |{{Flagu|Netherlands}} | 2014–2019 |[[Juncker Commission]] |Better Regulation, Interinstitutional Relations, Rule of Law and Charter of Fundamental Rights (First Vice-President) |- | |[[Maroš Šefčovič]] |{{Flagu|Slovakia}} |Incumbent | rowspan="2" |[[Von der Leyen Commission I|Von der Leyen Commission]],[[Von der Leyen Commission II]] |''Until 2024'': Interinstitutional Relations and Foresight (Vice-President), ''Since 2024'': Interinstitutional Relations and Transparency |- |}
===Justice, Fundamental Rights and Citizenship=== {{Main|European Commissioner for Justice, Fundamental Rights and Citizenship}}
The Commissioner for Justice, Fundamental Rights and Citizenship was created in 2010 by dividing the previous Justice, Freedom and Security portfolio into a security orientated post and a justice and fundamental rights orientated post. The portfolio was then renamed into Justice, Consumers and Gender Equality under the [[Juncker Commission]].
{| class="wikitable" ! !Name !Country !Period !Commission !Portfolio actual name |- | |[[Anita Gradin]] |{{Flagu|Sweden}} |1995–1999 |[[Santer Commission]] |Immigration, Justice & Home Affairs, Financial Control, Anti-fraud and Relations with the European Ombudsman. |- | |[[António Vitorino]] |{{Flagu|Portugal}} |1999–2004 |[[Prodi Commission]] |Justice and Home Affairs |- | |[[Franco Frattini]] |{{Flagu|Italy}} |2004–2008 | rowspan="2" |[[Barroso Commission]] I | rowspan="2" |Justice, Freedom and Security (Vice-President) |- | |[[Jacques Barrot]] |{{Flagu|France}} |2008–2009 |- | |[[Viviane Reding]] |{{Flagu|Luxembourg}} | 2010–2014 |[[Barroso Commission]] II |Justice, Fundamental Rights and Citizenship (Vice-President) |- | |[[Frans Timmermans]] |{{Flagu|Netherlands}} |2014–2019 | rowspan="2" |[[Juncker Commission]] |Better Regulation, Inter-Institutional Relations, Rule of Law and Charter of Fundamental Rights (First Vice-President) |- | rowspan="2" | | rowspan="2" |[[Věra Jourová]] | rowspan="2" |{{Flagu|Czech Republic}} | rowspan="2" | 2014–2024 |Justice, Consumers and Gender Equality |- | rowspan="3" |[[Von der Leyen Commission I]] |Values and Transparency (Vice-President) |- | |[[Didier Reynders]] |{{Flagu|Belgium}} |2019–2024 |Justice |- | |[[Helena Dalli]] |{{Flagu|Malta}} |2019–2024 |Equality |- | |[[Hadja Lahbib]] |{{Flagu|Belgium}} |Incumbent | rowspan="2" |[[Von der Leyen Commission II]] |Equality |- | |[[Michael McGrath (Irish politician)|Michael McGrath]] |{{Flagu|Ireland}} |Incumbent |Democracy, Justice, the Rule of Law and Consumer Protection |}
===Maritime Affairs and Fisheries=== {{Main|European Commissioner for Maritime Affairs and Fisheries}}
The Maritime affairs and Fisheries Commissioner is responsible for policies such as the [[Common Fisheries Policy]], which is largely a competence of the EU rather than the members. The Union has 66,000 km of [[coastline]]<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20260113045345/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/european-union/ European Union] CIA World Factbook</ref> and the largest [[Exclusive Economic Zone]] in the world, covering 25 million km<sup>2</sup>.<ref>[http://europa.eu/scadplus/glossary/outermost_regions_en.htm EU Glossary] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100909000258/http://europa.eu/scadplus/glossary/outermost_regions_en.htm |date= 9 September 2010 }} Europa (web portal)</ref>
On 7 June 2006 the Commission published a [[green paper]] for a Maritime Policy and [[Public consultation|consultation]] will end in June 2007.<ref>[http://ec.europa.eu/maritimeaffairs/policy_en.html Consultation on Maritime Policy] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070519191342/http://ec.europa.eu/maritimeaffairs/policy_en.html |date=19 May 2007 }} European Commission</ref> The document addresses a number of issues such as sustainable development, protection of the environment, skills and employment, technology and resources, coastal safety and tourism, financial support and heritage.<ref>[http://ec.europa.eu/maritimeaffairs/pdf/com_2006_0275_en_part2.pdf Green paper] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070325213544/http://ec.europa.eu/maritimeaffairs/pdf/com_2006_0275_en_part2.pdf |date=25 March 2007 }} European Commission</ref> The Commission came under fire in May 2007 for not penalise French fishermen after [[over-fishing]] the threatened [[Atlantic bluefin tuna|bluefin tuna]] by 65% while backing penalties on Irish fishermen for over-fishing [[mackerel]].<ref>[http://www.rte.ie/news/2007/0502/fishing.html?rss Fishermen citicise EU over-fishing decision]. Raidió Teilifís Éireann.</ref>
{| class="wikitable" ! !Name !Country !Period !Commission !Portfolio actual name |- | |[[Finn Olav Gundelach]] |{{Flagu|Denmark}} |1977–1981 |[[Jenkins Commission (EU)|Jenkins Commission]] |Agriculture-Fisheries (vice-president) |- | |[[Giorgos Kontogeorgis]] |{{Flagu|Greece}} |1981–1985 |[[Thorn Commission]] |Transport, Fisheries and Tourism |- | |[[Frans Andriessen]] |{{Flagu|Netherlands}} |1985–1989 | rowspan="2" |[[Delors Commission]] I |[[European Commissioner for Agriculture & Rural Development|Agriculture]] and [[European Commissioner for Fisheries & Maritime Affairs|fisheries]] (vice-president) |- | |[[António Cardoso e Cunha]] |{{Flagu|Portugal}} |1986–1989 |[[European Commissioner for Fisheries & Maritime Affairs|Fisheries]] |- | |[[Manuel Marin]] |{{Flagu|Spain}} |1989–1992 |[[Delors Commission]] II |Cooperation, development and fisheries (vice-president) |- | |[[Ioannis Paleokrassas]] |{{Flagu|Greece}} |1993–1995 |[[Delors Commission]] III |Environment, fisheries |- | |[[Franz Fischler]] |{{Flagu|Austria}} | 1999–2004 | rowspan="2" |[[Prodi Commission]] | rowspan="2" |Agriculture and Fisheries |- | |[[Sandra Kalniete]] |{{Flagu|Latvia}} | 2004 |- | |[[Joe Borg]] |{{Flagu|Malta}} | 2004–2010 |[[Barroso Commission]] I |Fisheries and Maritime Affairs |- | |[[Maria Damanaki]] |{{Flagu|Greece}} | 2010–2014 |[[Barroso Commission]] II |Maritime Affairs and Fisheries |- | |[[Karmenu Vella]] |{{Flagu|Malta}} | 2014–2019 |[[Juncker Commission]] |Environment, Maritime Affairs and Fisheries |- | |[[Virginijus Sinkevičius]] |{{Flagu|Lithuania}} |2019–2024 |[[Von der Leyen Commission I|Von der Leyen Commission]] |Environment, Oceans and Fisheries |- | |[[Costas Kadis]] | |Incumbent |[[Von der Leyen Commission II]] |Fisheries and Oceans |}
===Regional Policy and Cohesion=== {{Main|European Commissioner for Regional Policy}}
The Regional Policy Commissioner, occasional Regional Affairs Commissioner, is responsible for managing the [[European Union Regional policy|regional policy]] of the EU which takes up a third of the [[European Union Budget|EU's budget]]; it includes the [[European Regional Development Fund]], [[Structural Funds and Cohesion Funds]], [[Instrument for Structural Policies for Pre-Accession]] and the [[European Social Fund]]. The related DG is [[Directorate-General for Regional Policy (European Commission)|Directorate-General for Regional Policy]].
{| class="wikitable" ! !Name !Country !Period !Commission !Portfolio actual name |- | |[[Hans von der Groeben]] |{{Flagu|Germany}} | 1967–1970 |[[Rey Commission]] | |- | |[[Albert Borschette]] |{{Flagu|Luxembourg}} | 1970–1973 |[[Malfatti Commission]], [[Mansholt Commission]] | |- | |[[George Thomson, Baron Thomson of Monifieth|George Thomson]] |{{Flagu|United Kingdom}} | 1973–1977 |[[Ortoli Commission]] | |- | |[[Antonio Giolitti]] |{{Flagu|Italy}} | 1977–1985 |[[Jenkins Commission (EU)|Jenkins Commission]], [[Thorn Commission]] |Regional Policy |- | |[[Grigoris Varfis]] |{{Flagu|Greece}} | 1985–1989 |[[Delors Commission]] I |Relations with the European Parliament, regional policy and consumer protection |- | |[[Henning Christophersen]] |{{Flagu|Denmark}} |1985–1989 |[[Delors Commission]] I |Budget, financial control, personnel and administration (vice-president) |- | rowspan="2" | | rowspan="2" |[[Bruce Millan]] | rowspan="2" |{{Flagu|United Kingdom}} | 1989–1992 |[[Delors Commission]] II |Regional Policy |- | rowspan="2" |1993–1994 | rowspan="2" |[[Delors Commission]] III |Regional Policy and Cohesion |- | |[[Peter Schmidhuber]] |{{Flagu|Germany}} |Budget, financial control and the cohesion fund |- | |[[Monika Wulf-Mathies]] |{{Flagu|Germany}} | 1994–1999 |[[Santer Commission]] | rowspan="8" |Regional Policy |- | |[[Michel Barnier]] |{{Flagu|France}} | 1999–2004 | rowspan="3" |[[Prodi Commission]] |- | |[[Jacques Barrot]] |{{Flagu|France}} | 2004 |- | |[[Péter Balázs]] |{{Flagu|Hungary}} | 2004 |- | |[[Danuta Hübner]] |{{Flagu|Poland}} | 2004–2009 | rowspan="2" |[[Barroso Commission]] I |- | |[[Paweł Samecki]] |{{Flagu|Poland}} | 2009–2010 |- | |[[Johannes Hahn]] |{{Flagu|Austria}} | 2010–2014 |[[Barroso Commission]] II |- | |[[Corina Crețu]] |{{Flagu|Romania}} | 2014–2019 |[[Juncker Commission]] |- | |[[Elisa Ferreira]] |{{Flagu|Portugal}} |2019–2024 |[[Von der Leyen Commission I]] |Cohesion and Reforms |- | |[[Raffaele Fitto]] |{{Flagu|Italy}} |Incumbent |[[Von der Leyen Commission II]] |Cohesion and Reforms |}
===Research, Innovation and Science=== {{Main|European Commissioner for Research, Innovation and Science}}
The name has had several variations: under the first Barroso Commission it was Science and Research, under Prodi it was simply "Research", Santer was "Research, Science and Technology" and under Delors it was combined with others as "Industry, information technology and science and research" and other various names and combinations prior. The related DG is the [[Directorate-General for Research (European Commission)|Directorate-General for Research]].
The 2004–2010 Commissioner, Potočnik, aimed to create a [[European Research Area]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.itpro.co.uk/news/109975/building-an-information-society-on-par-with-postwar-reconstruction-says-eu.html |title=Building an information society on par with post-war reconstruction, says EU |publisher=IT PRO |date=2007-04-12 |access-date=2012-05-27 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927191211/http://www.itpro.co.uk/news/109975/building-an-information-society-on-par-with-postwar-reconstruction-says-eu.html |archive-date=27 September 2007 }}</ref>
{| class="wikitable" ! !Name !Country !Period !Commission !Portfolio actual name |- | |[[Fritz Hellwig]] |{{flagu|West Germany}} | 1967–1970 |[[Rey Commission]] | |- | |[[Ralf Dahrendorf]] |{{flagu|West Germany}} | 1973–1977 |[[Ortoli Commission]] | |- | |[[Guido Brunner]] |{{flagu|West Germany}} | 1977–1981 |[[Jenkins Commission (EU)|Jenkins Commission]] |Energy, Research, Science |- | |[[Étienne Davignon]] |{{Flagu|Belgium}} |1981–1985 |[[Thorn Commission]] |Industrial Affairs, Energy, Research and Science (vice-president) |- | |[[Karl-Heinz Narjes]] |{{Flagu|Germany}} |1985–1989 |[[Delors Commission]] I |Industry, information technology and science and research (vice-president) |- | |[[Filippo Maria Pandolfi]] |{{Flagu|Italy}} | 1989–1993 |[[Delors Commission]] II |Science, research, development, telecommunications and innovation |- | |[[Antonio Ruberti]] |{{Flagu|Italy}} | 1993–1995 |[[Delors Commission]] III |Science, research, technological development and education (vice-president) |- | |[[Édith Cresson]] |{{Flagu|France}} | 1995–1999 |[[Santer Commission]] |Research, Science and Technology |- | |[[Philippe Busquin]] |{{Flagu|Belgium}} | 1999–2004 | rowspan="2" |[[Prodi Commission]] | rowspan="2" |Research |- | |[[Louis Michel]] |{{Flagu|Belgium}} | 2004 |- | |[[Janez Potočnik]] |{{Flagu|Slovenia}} | 2004–2010 |[[Barroso Commission]] I |Science and Research |- | |[[Máire Geoghegan-Quinn]] |{{Flagu|Ireland}} | 2010–2014 |[[Barroso Commission]] II |Research, Innovation and Science |- | |[[Carlos Moedas]] |{{Flagu|Portugal}} | 2014–2019 |[[Juncker Commission]] |Research, Science and Innovation |- | |[[Mariya Gabriel]] |{{Flagu|Bulgaria}} |2019–2024 | rowspan="2" |[[Von der Leyen Commission I|Von der Leyen Commission]] |Innovation and Youth |- | |''[[Maroš Šefčovič]]'' |''{{Flagu|Slovakia}}'' | |Interinstitutional Relations and Foresight (Vice-President) |}
===Defence Union=== The Commissioner for Security Union was created in 2016.
{| class="wikitable" ! !Name !Country !Period !Commission !Portfolio actual name |- | |[[Franco Frattini]] |{{Flagu|Italy}} |2004–2008 | rowspan="2" |[[Barroso Commission]] I | rowspan="2" |Justice, Freedom and Security (vice-president) |- | |[[Jacques Barrot]] |{{Flagu|France}} |2008–2009 |- | |[[Julian King (diplomat)|Julian King]] |{{Flagu|United Kingdom}} | 2016–2019 |[[Juncker Commission]] |Security Union |- | |[[Margaritis Schinas]] |{{Flagu|Greece}} |2019–2024 |[[Von der Leyen Commission I|Von der Leyen Commission]] |Protecting our European Way of Life (vice-president) |}
===Statistics, Audit and Anti-Fraud=== {{main|European Commissioner for Taxation and Customs Union, Audit and Anti-Fraud}}
The Commissioner for Taxation, Customs, Statistics, Audit and Anti-Fraud is responsible for the [[European Union Customs Union|EU's customs union]] and [[taxation]] policy. The European Union has had a customs union since the creation of the [[European Economic Community]] and that union [[Third country economic relationships with the European Union#Customs unions|extends to the non-EU members]] of the [[European Economic Area]] and to [[Turkey]], [[Andorra]] and [[San Marino]]. Since 2010 it gained responsibility for audit (budgetary discharge, internal [[audit]], counter [[fraud]]): in particular the [[Internal Audit Service (European Commission)|Internal Audit Service]] and the [[OLAF|European Anti-fraud Office]].
{| class="wikitable" ! !Name !Country !Period !Commission !Portfolio actual name |- | |[[Anita Gradin]] |{{Flagu|Sweden}} |1995–1999 |[[Santer Commission]] |Immigration, Justice & Home Affairs, Financial Control, Anti-fraud and Relations with the European Ombudsman. |- | |[[Frits Bolkestein]] |{{Flagu|Netherlands}} | 1999–2004 | rowspan="2" |[[Prodi Commission]] |Internal Market |- | |[[Neil Kinnock]] |{{Flagu|United Kingdom}} | 1999–2004 |Administrative reform |- | |[[László Kovács (politician)|László Kovács]] |{{Flagu|Hungary}} | 2004–2009 | rowspan="2" |[[Barroso Commission]] I |Taxation and Customs Union |- | |[[Siim Kallas]] |{{Flagu|Estonia}} | 2004–2010 |Administrative Affairs, Audit and Anti-Fraud |- | |[[Algirdas Šemeta]] |{{Flagu|Lithuania}} | 2010–2014 |[[Barroso Commission]] II |Taxation and Customs Union, Audit and Anti-Fraud |- | |[[Pierre Moscovici]] |{{Flagu|France}} | 2014–2019 |[[Juncker Commission]] |Economic and Financial Affairs, Taxation and Customs |- | |[[Paolo Gentiloni]] |{{Flagu|Italy}} |2019 Onwards | rowspan="2" |[[Von der Leyen Commission I|Von der Leyen Commission]] |Economy |- | |''[[Didier Reynders]]'' |''{{Flagu|Belgium}}'' |''nominated'' |''Justice'' |}
===Trade=== {{Main|European Commissioner for Trade}}
The Commissioner for Trade is responsible for the EU's external trade policy. Due to the size of the [[Economy of the European Union|European economy]], being the world's largest market and having a huge slice of world trade, this position can be very important in dealing with other world economic powers such as China or the United States. Former Commissioner [[Leon Brittan, Baron Brittan of Spennithorne|Leon Brittan]] commented that "Frankly, it is more important than most [national] cabinet jobs".<ref>[http://www.bmbrussels.be/box_bmnewcomm.php The New Commission – Some initial thoughts] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060923001700/http://www.bmbrussels.be/box_bmnewcomm.php |date=23 September 2006 }} BM Brussels</ref> The Commissioner leads Europe in organisations such as the [[World Trade Organization]] (WTO). Concluding WTO talks after the collapse of the [[Doha Development Round]] has been a contentious point, with the EU not willing to cut [[Common Agricultural Policy|agricultural subsidies]] without similar action by the United States. The related DG is [[Directorate-General for Trade (European Commission)|Directorate-General for Trade]].
{| class="wikitable" |- ! !Name !Country !Period !Commission !Portfolio actual name |- | |[[Willy De Clercq]] |{{Flagu|Belgium}} |1985–1989 |[[Delors Commission]] I |External relations and trade policy |- | |[[Frans Andriessen]] |{{Flagu|Netherlands}} |1989–1992 |[[Delors Commission]] II |External relations and trade policy (vice-president) |- | rowspan="2" | | rowspan="2" |[[Leon Brittan]] | rowspan="2" |{{Flagu|United Kingdom}} |1992–1994 |[[Delors Commission]] III |External economic affairs and trade policy (vice-president) |- | 1994–1999 |[[Santer Commission]] |Commercial Policy and External Relations (vice-president) |- | |[[Pascal Lamy]] |{{Flagu|France}} | 1999–2004 | rowspan="2" |[[Prodi Commission]] | rowspan="8" |Trade |- | |[[Danuta Hübner]] |{{Flagu|Poland}} | 2004 |- | |[[Peter Mandelson]] |{{Flagu|United Kingdom}} | 2004–2008 | rowspan="2" |[[Barroso Commission]] I |- | |[[Catherine Ashton, Baroness Ashton of Upholland|Catherine Ashton]] |{{Flagu|United Kingdom}} | 2008–2010 |- | |[[Karel De Gucht]] |{{Flagu|Belgium}} | 2010–2014 |[[Barroso Commission]] II |- | |[[Cecilia Malmström]] |{{Flagu|Sweden}} | 2014–2019 |[[Juncker Commission]] |- | |[[Phil Hogan]] |{{Flagu|Ireland}} |2019–2020 | rowspan="2" | [[Von der Leyen Commission I|Von der Leyen Commission]] |- | |[[Valdis Dombrovskis]] |{{Flagu|Latvia}} |2020 Onwards |}
===Transport=== {{Main|European Commissioner for Transport}}
The portfolio is responsible for the development of transport infrastructure in the EU such as [[Trans-European transport networks|road and rail networks]] but also navigation systems such as the [[Galileo positioning system]].
{| class="wikitable" ! !Name !Country !Period !Commission !Portfolio actual name |- | |[[Michel Rasquin]] |{{Flagu|Luxembourg}} | 1958 |[[Hallstein Commission]] | |- | |[[Lambert Schaus]] |{{Flagu|Luxembourg}} | 1958–1967 |[[Hallstein Commission]] | |- | |[[Victor Bodson]] |{{Flagu|Luxembourg}} | 1967–1970 |[[Rey Commission]] | |- | |[[Albert Coppé]] |{{Flagu|Belgium}} | 1970–1973 |[[Malfatti Commission]], [[Mansholt Commission]] | |- | |[[Carlo Scarascia-Mugnozza]] |{{Flagu|Italy}} | 1973–1977 |[[Ortoli Commission]] | |- | |[[Richard Burke (Irish politician)|Richard Burke]] |{{Flagu|Ireland}} | 1977–1981 |[[Jenkins Commission (EU)|Jenkins Commission]] |Taxation, Consumer Affairs, Transport |- | |[[Giorgos Kontogeorgis]] |{{Flagu|Greece}} | 1981–1985 |[[Thorn Commission]] |Transport, Fisheries and Tourism |- | |[[Stanley Clinton Davis]] |{{Flagu|United Kingdom}} | 1985–1989 |[[Delors Commission]] I |Environment, Consumer Protection and Transport |- | |[[Karel Van Miert]] |{{Flagu|Belgium}} | 1989–1992 |[[Delors Commission]] II |Transport and Consumer Protection |- | |[[Abel Matutes]] |{{Flagu|Spain}} | 1993–1994 | rowspan="2" |[[Delors Commission]] III | rowspan="2" |Transport and Energy |- | |[[Marcelino Oreja Aguirre|Marcelino Oreja]] |{{Flagu|Spain}} | 1994–1995 |- | |[[Neil Kinnock]] |{{Flagu|United Kingdom}} | 1995–1999 |[[Santer Commission]] |Transport, including TEN |- | |[[Loyola de Palacio]] |{{Flagu|Spain}} | 1999–2004 |[[Prodi Commission]] |Inter-Institutional Relations and Administration, Transport and Energy (vice-president) |- | |[[Jacques Barrot]] |{{Flagu|France}} | 2004–2008 | rowspan="2" |[[Barroso Commission]] I |Transport |- | |[[Antonio Tajani]] |{{Flagu|Italy}} | 2008–2010 | rowspan="2" |Transport (vice-president) |- | |[[Siim Kallas]] |{{Flagu|Estonia}} | 2010–2014 |[[Barroso Commission]] II |- | |[[Violeta Bulc]] |{{Flagu|Slovenia}} | 2014–2019 |[[Juncker Commission]] | rowspan="2" |Transport |- | |[[Adina Ioana Vălean]] |{{Flagu|Romania}} |2019 Onwards |[[Von der Leyen Commission I|Von der Leyen Commission]] |}
==Historical portfolios== Many portfolios have been combined and split under different president's, below is a few of the previous posts that have since been abolished.
===Administrative Affairs, Audit and Anti-Fraud=== The Commissioner for Administrative Affairs, Audit and Anti-Fraud was in the first Barroso Commission and was responsible for the commission's internal administration and anti-fraud efforts.
Its administrative duties included management of some of the commission's [[Internal Services in the European Commission|Internal Services]]; in particular consolidation of administrative reform, [[Human resources|personnel]] and administration, [[European Schools]] and security. The Commissioner is also responsible for the following departments; the [[Directorate-General for Personnel and Administration]], the [[Office for the Administration and Payment of Individual Entitlement (European Commission)|Office for the Administration and Payment of Individual Entitlement]], the [[Directorate-General for Informatics (European Commission)|Directorate-General for Informatics]], the [[Office of Infrastructure and Logistics (European Commission)|Office of Infrastructure and Logistics]], and relations with the [[European Personnel Selection Office]].<ref name="ec.europa.eu" /> Its other responsibilities were for audit (budgetary discharge, internal [[audit]], counter fraud): in particular the [[Internal Audit Service (European Commission)|Internal Audit Service]] and the [[OLAF|European Anti-fraud Office]].
{| class="wikitable" |- !Name !Country !Period !Commission |- |[[Michael O'Kennedy]] |{{Flagu|Ireland}} | 1981–1982 |[[Thorn Commission]] |- |[[Richard Burke (Irish politician)|Richard Burke]] |{{Flagu|Ireland}} | 1982–1985 |[[Thorn Commission]] |- |[[Henning Christophersen]] |{{Flagu|Denmark}} | 1985–1988 |[[Delors Commission]] |- |[[Peter Schmidhuber]] |{{Flagu|Germany}} | 1988–1994 |[[Delors Commission]] |- |[[Erkki Liikanen]] |{{Flagu|Finland}} | 1994–1999 |[[Santer Commission]] |- |[[Neil Kinnock]] |{{Flagu|United Kingdom}} | 1999–2004 |[[Prodi Commission]] (''Audit'') |- |[[Siim Kallas]] |{{Flagu|Estonia}} | 2004–2009 |[[Barroso Commission]] |}
===Administrative Reform=== A position created for the [[Prodi Commission]] in the wake of the [[Santer Commission]] corruption scandal.
===Agriculture and Fisheries=== This position used deal with the [[Common Agricultural Policy]] (CAP) and the [[Common Fisheries Policy]] (CFP). It existed when the CFP was created in the [[Jenkins Commission (EU)|Jenkins]] until the [[Thorn Commission]] when it was split into Agriculture and Rural Affairs and Fisheries and Maritime Affairs.
===Communication strategy=== The Communication strategy portfolio in the first [[Barroso Commission]] existed between 2004 and 2010 combined with Institutional Relations. Under the second Barroso Commission this was dropped as it had no powers and was open to allegations of propaganda.
===Consumer Protection=== The Commissioner for Consumer Protection was responsible for [[consumer protection|protecting the rights of consumers vs corporations]] between 2007 and 2010. The only Commissioner was [[Meglena Kuneva]] ([[Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe (European Parliament group)|ALDE]]).
This specific portfolio was created in 2007, separated from the Health portfolio. However, it first appeared in the [[Jenkins Commission (EU)|Jenkins Commission]] as "Consumer Affairs" though the Barroso Commission was the first time it has been an independent portfolio. The independent portfolio was created when Bulgaria and Romania joined the European Union on 1 January 2007. It used to be part of the Health and Consumer Protection portfolio which was held by [[Markos Kyprianou]]. Unlike the [[European Commissioner for Multilingualism|Multilingualism portfolio]] that was created for [[Leonard Orban]], this post was welcomed due to the large size of the combined portfolio. The [[Directorate-General]] is [[Directorate-General for Health and Consumer Protection (European Commission)|still merged with that office]]. In 2010 it was recombined with Health in the second Barroso Commission.
===External Relations=== {{Main|European Commissioner for External Relations}}
The Commissioner for External Relations, known as the Commissioner for External Relations and the [[European Neighbourhood Policy]] at its demise dealt with general foreign relations and representation of the Commission abroad. It occasionally took on related responsibilities such as enlargement or neighbourhood policy, though most of the time other separate external relations portfolios existed such as development or trade. Early on external relations were split according to geography between various Commissioners. On 1 December 2009 its responsibilities were merged into the [[High Representative]].
===Energy, Euratom Supply Agency, SMEs and Tourism=== An expanded version of the Energy portfolio in the [[Santer Commission]], including parts of Industry (SMEs) and Tourism which has only appeared under Santer.
===Health=== The Commissioner for Health existed between 2007 and 2010 when it was split off from Consumer Protection for the new Bulgarian Commissioner. It was recombined under the succeeding Commission in 2010.
===Justice, Freedom and Security=== The Justice, Freedom and Security portfolio was roughly on the former third [[Three pillars of the European Union|pillar]]: [[Police and Judicial Co-operation in Criminal Matters]]. The position covers such matters as [[judicial]] matters, human rights, [[Equality before the law|equality]] laws, immigration control, policing and [[citizenship]] (see ''[[Area of freedom, security and justice]]''). The relevant DG was [[Directorate-General for Justice, Freedom and Security (European Commission)|Directorate-General for Justice, Freedom and Security]].
As a concession to the [[Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe (European Parliament group)|liberals]], Barroso split the post in 2010 into the [[#Home Affairs|Commissioner for Home Affairs]] (the security aspect) and the [[European Commissioner for Justice, Fundamental Rights and Citizenship|Commissioner for Justice, Fundamental Rights and Citizenship]] (the human rights aspect).
Previous commissioners: {| class="wikitable" |- !Name !Country !Period !Commission |- |[[Anita Gradin]] |{{Flagu|Sweden}} | 1995–1999 |[[Santer Commission]] |- |[[António Vitorino]] |{{Flagu|Portugal}} | 1999–2004 |[[Prodi Commission]] |- |[[Franco Frattini]] |{{Flagu|Italy}} | 2004–2008 |[[Barroso Commission]] |- |[[Jacques Barrot]] |{{Flagu|France}} | 2008–2010 |[[Barroso Commission]] |}
===Multilingualism=== The Commissioner for Multilingualism was responsible for [[languages of the European Union|language policy of the European Union]], i.e., promoting [[multilingualism]] for the citizens and the institutions of the EU. It was created on 1 January 2007 during the [[Barroso Commission]]. The only commissioner is [[Leonard Orban]] (2007–2010). The post was created on 1 January 2007, in the enlarged Barroso Commission after the [[2007 enlargement of the European Union|accession of Bulgaria and Romania]] to the EU. Multilingualism had been a responsibility of the [[European Commissioner for Education, Training, Culture and Multilingualism]] (held by [[Ján Figeľ]] between 2004 and 2007). Under the second Barroso Commission, the post was re-merged into the education and culture portfolio (held by [[Androulla Vassiliou]]).
The new portfolio was criticised for vagueness and ambiguity, it has been claimed that the post overlaps with responsibilities of other Commissioners. The [[Conference of Presidents of the European Parliament|Conference of Presidents]] of the [[European Parliament]] has asked the current president of the Commission [[José Manuel Barroso]] to clarify the mandate of Commissioner for Multilingualism<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.europarl.europa.eu/hearings/commission/2006_enlarg/press/conf_presidents_en.pdf|title=Conference of Presidents gives positive assessment of hearings and seeks clarification of Mr Orban's portfolio|website=europarl.europa.eu}}</ref> and of other members of the commission with regards to the "intercultural dialogue".
European Parliament [[Party of European Socialists|Socialist Group]] (PES) leader [[Martin Schulz]] suggested a portfolio for the protection of [[ethnic minorities]] instead. His party suggested the introduction of the protection of the [[romani people|Roma]] minority.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.euractiv.com/en/enlargement/socialists-criticise-new-commissioner-portfolio/article-159715 |title=Socialists criticise new commissioner's portfolio |publisher=EurActiv |access-date=2012-05-27}}</ref> Barroso turned down the PES proposal and defended the post. He stated that Commissioner for Education, Training and Culture Ján Figeľ "will remain responsible for the management of actions to directly promote the inter-cultural dialogue".<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://euobserver.com/9/23046|title = MEPs back Romanian commissioner despite 'indecent' job task| date=6 December 2006 }}</ref>
Politically, the portfolio was mainly focused on promoting [[language learning|foreign languages learning]] as means for [[labour mobility|worker's mobility]] and business [[Competition (companies)|competitiveness]] rather than emphasizing [[language rights]] of speakers of [[Regional language|regional]], [[Minority language|minority]], lesser-used and migrant languages. Commissioner for Multilingualism is also responsible, alongside the [[President of the European Commission|President of the Commission]], [[José Manuel Barroso|Barroso]], and the [[European Commissioner for Education, Training and Culture]], [[Ján Figeľ]] to work on "intercultural dialogue", including the 2008 [[European Year of Intercultural Dialogue]].
Administratively, Commissioner for Multilingualism was in charge of the [[Directorate-General for Translation (European Commission)|Directorate-General for Translation]], the [[Directorate-General for Interpretation (European Commission)|DG for Interpretation]] and the [[Publications Office (European Union)|Office for Official Publications of the European Communities]], as well as for the Multilingualism policy unit (EAC-C-5) in the [[Directorate-General for Education and Culture (European Commission)|DG for Education and Culture]], with 3,400 staff in total – about 15 per cent of the Brussels executive's workforce- and with about 1 percent of the [[Budget of the European Union|EU budget]].
==References== {{reflist}}
{{CommissionPortfolios}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:List of European Commission Portfolios}} [[Category:European Commission]]