{{short description|European Commission department}} {{Politics of the European Union}} {{more citations needed|date=October 2019}} The '''Directorate-General for International Partnerships''' ('''DG International Partnerships''' or '''DG INTPA''') is the European Commission department responsible for international development policy.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Directorate-General for International Partnerships (INTPA) - EU monitor |url=https://www.eumonitor.eu/9353000/1/j9vvik7m1c3gyxp/vimjj87bjxnr |access-date=2022-10-30 |website=www.eumonitor.eu}}</ref> It operates under the authority of the European Commissioner for International Partnerships, currently Jozef Síkela.

The official development assistance (ODA) disbursed by the European Commission increased in 2022 (USD 23.1 billion), mostly due to support to Ukraine, some of which was in the form of loans. <ref>{{cite web| url=https://oe.cd/il/dev-coop-eu| title=OECD Development Co-operation Profiles|access-date=15 September 2023}}</ref> The European Union (EU) – EU institutions and member states together – accounts for the largest share of total ODA among Development Assistance Committee (DAC) members and has a development co-operation presence in all regions and across all sectors. Among the EU institutions, the European Commission and the European Investment Bank (EIB) manage funding. The European External Action Service co-ordinates foreign policy.<ref>{{cite web| url=https://oe.cd/il/dev-coop-eu| title=OECD Development Co-operation Profiles|access-date=15 September 2023}}</ref>

== History ==

The Directorate-General for Development and Cooperation – EuropeAid was formed on 1 January 2011 following the merger of the '''EuropeAid Cooperation Office''' (AIDCO) with the '''Directorate-General for Development and Relations with African, Caribbean and Pacific States''' (DEV).<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.iewy.com/10746-commission-further-reshuffles-its-senior-managers-after-the-first-package-decided-by-this-college-in-june.html |title= Commission further reshuffles its Senior Managers after the first package decided by this College in June |access-date=2010-10-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110713003237/http://www.iewy.com/10746-commission-further-reshuffles-its-senior-managers-after-the-first-package-decided-by-this-college-in-june.html |archive-date=2011-07-13 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ec.europa.eu/info/publications/annual-activity-reports_en|title=Annual activity reports|website=European Commission – European Commission}}</ref> AIDCO had been founded on 1 January 2001 with the mission of implementing the EU external aid programmes around the world.<ref name="auto">{{Cite web |url=http://ec.europa.eu/europeaid/what/delivering-aid/funding-instruments/index_en.htm |title= The EU’s financial toolkit |access-date=2009-02-02 |archive-date=2009-01-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090130080714/http://ec.europa.eu/europeaid/what/delivering-aid/funding-instruments/index_en.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> At that time, DG DEV and the Directorate-General for External Relations (RELEX) were responsible for policy and programming.

Following the creation of EuropeAid in 2011, Director-General Fokion Fotiadis<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110824035125/http://ec.europa.eu:80/europeaid/who/whoswho/director_general_en.htm |title= EuropeAid's Director General - My goal: delivering more, better and faster aid |access-date=2009-01-30 |archive-date=2009-02-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090205171724/http://ec.europa.eu/europeaid/who/whoswho/director_general_en.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> was responsible for the overall realisation of the DG's mission, which consists in the programming and implementation of the European Commission's external aid instruments<ref name="auto"/> financed by the European Union budget and the European Development Funds. In November 2013, Fernando Frutuoso de Melo succeeded Fokion Fotiadis as Director-General of the Directorate-General.

EuropeAid focused on maximising the value and impact of aid funding by making sure support was provided in a manner which complied with EU development objectives and the United Nations' Millennium Development Goals in a speedy and accountable fashion.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://ec.europa.eu/europeaid/what/delivering-aid/ensuring-quality/index_en.htm |title= Guaranteeing the best possible aid |access-date=2009-02-02 |archive-date=2009-02-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090225211852/http://ec.europa.eu/europeaid/what/delivering-aid/ensuring-quality/index_en.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> Effective implementation and delivery of aid also helps the Commission and the EU as a whole to attain a higher profile on the world stage. The European Union is the world's largest development aid donor.<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://ec.europa.eu/info/business-economy-euro/economic-and-fiscal-policy-coordination/international-economic-relations/international-development-aid_en | title=International development aid|website= ec.europa.eu}}</ref>

DG Development and Cooperation – EuropeAid was reformed into current form on 1 January 2015. As of 16 January 2021, the DG International Cooperation and Development (DEVCO) became DG International Partnerships (INTPA).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ec.europa.eu/international-partnerships/news/dg-international-cooperation-and-development-becomes-dg-international-partnerships_en|title=DG International Cooperation and Development becomes DG International Partnerships &#124; International Partnerships}}</ref>

==Development policy==

DG International Partnerships formulates the European Union's development policy abroad. Its mission is to help reduce and ultimately eradicate poverty in developing countries through the promotion of sustainable development, democracy, peace and security.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://ec.europa.eu/europeaid/what/development-policies/index_en.htm |title= Development Policies |access-date=2011-08-27 |archive-date=2011-08-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110825081848/http://ec.europa.eu/europeaid/what/development-policies/index_en.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref>

It works on policy formulation at a global and sectoral level. The main intervention areas covered are: trade and regional integration, environment and the sustainable management of natural resources, infrastructure, communications and transport, water and energy, rural development, governance, democracy and human rights, peace and security, human development, social cohesion and employment.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://ec.europa.eu/europeaid/what/development-policies/intervention-areas/index_en.htm |title= Intervention areas |access-date=2011-08-27 |archive-date=2011-08-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110831150406/http://ec.europa.eu/europeaid/what/development-policies/intervention-areas/index_en.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> EU development action is based on the European Consensus on Development, which was endorsed on 20 December 2005 by EU Member States, the Council, the European Parliament and the Commission.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://ec.europa.eu/europeaid/what/development-policies/european-consensus/index_en.htm |title= The European Consensus on Development |access-date=2011-08-27 |archive-date=2011-08-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110811141039/http://ec.europa.eu/europeaid/what/development-policies/european-consensus/index_en.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref>

== From policy to action ==

When implementing projects, it takes account of EU policy strategies and long-term programmes for the delivery of aid. It translates policies into practical actions and develops new ways of delivering aid, such as budget support<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://ec.europa.eu/europeaid/how/delivering-aid/budget-support/index_en.htm |title= How the Commission provides budget support |access-date=2009-02-02 |archive-date=2009-01-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090109025043/http://ec.europa.eu/europeaid/how/delivering-aid/budget-support/index_en.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> and through sectoral approaches.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://ec.europa.eu/europeaid/how/delivering-aid/sector-approach/index_en.htm |title=A sector approach to working with developing countries |access-date=2009-02-02 |archive-date=2009-01-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090108212655/http://ec.europa.eu/europeaid/how/delivering-aid/sector-approach/index_en.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> It also issues guidelines and makes evaluations<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://ec.europa.eu/europeaid/how/ensuring-quality/index_en.htm |title= How we ensure quality |access-date=2009-02-02 |archive-date=2009-02-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090221032951/http://ec.europa.eu/europeaid/how/ensuring-quality/index_en.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> of aid implementation. In addition, it is responsible for the proper management of funds and must use clear and transparent tendering and contracting procedures. The programming cycle and responsibilities have evolved with the creation of the European External Action Service EEAS.<ref>van Seters, J. and H. Klavert. 2011. [https://archive.today/20120802144458/http://www.ecdpm.org/dp123 EU development cooperation after the Lisbon Treaty: People, institutions and global trends.] (Discussion Paper 123). Maastricht: ECDPM. [also available in French]</ref> The EEAS has a key role in the programming of geographic instruments with EuropeAid and the EU Delegations.<ref>Görtz, S. and N. Keijzer. 2012. [https://archive.today/20120801014904/http://www.ecdpm.org/dp129 Reprogramming EU development cooperation for 2014–2020 – Key moments for partner countries, EU Delegations, member states and headquarters in 2012.] (ECDPM Discussion Paper 129)</ref>

Directorate-General is responsible for all the steps of an aid delivery project:<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://ec.europa.eu/europeaid/how/index_en.htm |title= How we work |access-date=2009-02-02 |archive-date=2009-01-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090130031600/http://ec.europa.eu/europeaid/how/index_en.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> after identifying needs, it carries out feasibility studies and prepares all the necessary financial decisions and controls. It then moves on to drawing up the required tendering, monitoring and evaluation procedures. EuropeAid often publishes these evaluations in its website, aiming to improve management, in particular by taking into account the lessons of past public actions and to reinforce capacity to account for, and to ensure, better transparency.

This institution is a decentralised organisation. Two out of three Commission staff members working on aid implementation are based in the field. That is why most of the preparatory and implementation work is done through the EU Delegations<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://ec.europa.eu/external_relations/delegations/web_en.htm|title=External Service – delegations' websites|date=May 27, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100527063428/http://ec.europa.eu/external_relations/delegations/web_en.htm|archive-date=2010-05-27}}</ref> in the beneficiary countries. Directorate-General is made up of more than 43 units divided into nine directorates <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://ec.europa.eu/europeaid/who/documents/organigramme-devco_en.pdf |title=Directorate General for Development and Cooperation - EuropeAid|access-date=2011-08-26 |archive-date=2012-03-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120324003445/http://ec.europa.eu/europeaid/who/documents/organigramme-devco_en.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> attached to the Director General.

== Promoting joint effort ==

To ensure coherence, complementarity and coordination in implementing external assistance programmes worldwide, DG INTPA works in close collaboration with its various partners.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://ec.europa.eu/europeaid/who/partners/index_en.htm |title= Partners in development |access-date=2009-01-30 |archive-date=2009-02-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090205171719/http://ec.europa.eu/europeaid/who/partners/index_en.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> The overall aim is to make external aid more effective.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://ec.europa.eu/europeaid/what/delivering-aid/aid-effectiveness/index_en.htm |title= Fostering aid effectiveness |access-date=2009-02-02 |archive-date=2009-02-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090224053106/http://ec.europa.eu/europeaid/what/delivering-aid/aid-effectiveness/index_en.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> Civil society, international organisations and governments of member states of the European Union are all important actors in this field.

== Funding == Directorate-General awards grants and contracts to implement projects or activities that relate to the European Union's external aid programmes. To ensure that EuropeAid's work to improve people's lives is recognised, a set of visibility guidelines<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://ec.europa.eu/europeaid/work/visibility/index_en.htm |title= Communication and Visibility Manual for EU External Actions |access-date=2009-02-02 |archive-date=2009-01-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090130022656/http://ec.europa.eu/europeaid/work/visibility/index_en.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> have been produced. These guidelines ensure that aid projects acknowledge the funding support they receive from Commission budgets. They also help to raise the general profile of the EU across the world.

Development aid is financed directly by the EU budget (70%) as part of the financial instruments for external action and also by the European Development Fund (EDF) (30%).<ref name=ODI>Mikaela Gavas 2010. [http://www.odi.org.uk/resources/details.asp?id=5078&title=european-development-cooperation-financial-perspectives Financing European development cooperation: the Financial Perspectives 2014–2020.] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110316022518/http://www.odi.org.uk/resources/details.asp?id=5078&title=european-development-cooperation-financial-perspectives |date=2011-03-16 }} London: Overseas Development Institute</ref> The EU's external action financing is divided into 'geographic' and 'thematic' instruments.<ref name=ODI/> The 'geographic' instruments provide aid through the Development Cooperation Instrument (DCI, €16.9 billion, 2007–2013), which must spend 95% of its budget on official development assistance (ODA), and from the European Neighbourhood and Partnership Instrument (ENPI), which contains some relevant programmes.<ref name=ODI/> According to the OECD, 2020 official development assistance from EU institutions increased by 25.4% to US$19.4 billion.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org//sites/c0ad1f0d-en/index.html?itemId=/content/component/5e331623-en&_csp_=b14d4f60505d057b456dd1730d8fcea3&itemIGO=oecd&itemContentType=chapter#|title=European Union institutions &#124; Development Co-operation Profiles – European Union institutions &#124; OECD iLibrary|website=www.oecd-ilibrary.org}}</ref> The EDF (€22.7 bn, 2008–2013) is made up of voluntary contributions by EU Member States. There is currently a debate on whether to 'budgetise' the EDF.<ref name=ODI/> The perceived advantages include:<ref name=ODI/> * contributions would be based on GNI and this may increase the currently voluntary contributions * the harmonisation of EU budget and EDF administration might decrease administration costs and increase aid effectiveness * an all-Africa, Caribbean, and Pacific countries geographic strategy is no longer relevant as programmes are more localised to regions or country-level * there would be increase democratic control and parliamentary scrutiny The perceived disadvantages are that:<ref name=ODI/> * 90% of EDF resources reach low-income countries as opposed to less than 40% of aid from the EU budget development instruments * a loss of aid predictability and aid quality as the EU budget is annual, unlike the 6-year budget of the EDF

==See also== * ACP-EU Development Cooperation * European Commissioner for International Partnerships * European Development Fund * Eurosolar * Foreign relations of the European Union * Technical Assistance to the Commonwealth of Independent States

==References== {{reflist}}

==External links== *[https://international-partnerships.ec.europa.eu DG INTPA - DG for International Partnerships] *[http://ec.europa.eu/europeaid/index_en.htm Development and Cooperation – EuropeAid] *[http://ec.europa.eu/europeaid/who/whoswho/index_en.htm Organisational Structure] *[http://ec.europa.eu/europeaid/who/partners/index_en.htm EuropeAid Partners] *[http://ec.europa.eu/europeaid/work/funding/index_en.htm EuropeAid Funding Page] *[http://ec.europa.eu/europeaid/how/finance/index_en.htm Financing Instruments] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20071216093157/http://www.europa.eu/scadplus/leg/en/lvb/r12102.htm European Development Fund] *[http://ec.europa.eu/europeaid/work/visibility/index_en.htm EuropeAid Visibility Guidelines] *[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yVHEKxPnJW0 Excerpt from an EU promotion video on Global Assistance (development aid)] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20100527063428/http://ec.europa.eu/external_relations/delegations/web_en.htm European Union Delegations] *[http://ec.europa.eu/echo/index_en.htm DG Humanitarian Aid and Civil Protection (ECHO)] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20070928075332/http://www.acp-programming.eu/wcm/index.php?option=com_content&task=section&id=11&Itemid=150 ACP Programming] *[https://www.un.org/millenniumgoals/ Millennium Development Goals] *[http://ec.europa.eu/commission_2010-2014/piebalgs/index_en.htm Commissioner Andris Pielbags] *[http://ec.europa.eu/commission_2010-2014/fule/index_en.htm Commissioner Štefan Füle] *[http://ec.europa.eu/commission_2010-2014/ashton/index_en.htm Vice President of the European Commission Catherine Ashton] *[https://eeas.europa.eu/index_en.htm European External Action Service (EEAS)]

{{Eu-directorates-general}} {{Foreign relations of the European Union 2}}

International Cooperation and Development Category:International development agencies Category:European Union foreign aid