Euphorinae
TaxonEuphorinae
AuthorityFörster, 1862
Subdivision ranksTribes
SubdivisionSeveral, see text

The Euphorinae are a large subfamily of Braconidae parasitoid wasps. Some species have been used for biological pest control. They are sister group to the Meteorinae.

There are over 1270 species of Euphorinae.[1]

Description and distribution

Euphorines are small, usually dark colored wasps. They are non-cyclostomes. Euphorines are found worldwide.[2]

Biology

Euphorines are solitary or rarely gregarious koinobiont endoparasitoids. Unlike most other parasitoid wasps, Euphorinae have a broad host range and attack adult insects or nymphs of hemimetabolous insects.

Wasps of the tribe Dinocampini parasitize adult beetles.[3]

Taxonomy and phylogeny

Shaw (1985) divided Euphorinae into three tribes, Cosmophorini and Meteorini with one genus each and Euphorini containing 33 genera. In 1997, Shaw proposed 9 tribes and 31 genera of Euphorinae.[2] By Yu et al. (2012), the list of representative tribes of Euphorinae had grown to 16: Centistini, Cosmophorini, Cryptoxilonini, Dinocampini, Euphorini, Helorimorphini, Mannokeraiini, Meteorini, Myiocephalini, Neoneurini, †Oncometeorini, Perilitini, Planitorini, Proclithrophorini, Syntretini, and Tainitermini.[4] Mannokeraiini was synonymised under Planitorini by van Achterberg et al. (2017).[5] Stigenberg et al. (2015) treated 52 genera in 14 extant tribes, elevating Pygostolini from a subtribe of Centistini, synonymizing Cryptoxilonini under Cormophorini, synonymizing Proclithrophorini under Townesilitini, and removing Tainitermini as not nested within Euphorinae.[6] Chen & van Achterberg (2019) included the additional tribe of Eadyini and removed Proclithrophorini from synonymy.[7] In 2021, Stigenberg & van Achterberg returned Proclithrophorini to synonymy under Townesilitini.[8] Bendixen & Shaw (2024) elevated the Meteorini again to subfamily status as Meteorinae rather than treat them as basal Euphorinae.[9]

The present Euphorinae thus contains 14 extant tribes: Centistini, Cosmophorini, Dinocampini, Eadyini, Ecnomiini, Euphorini, Helorimorphini, Myiocephalini, Neoneurini, Perilitini, Planitorini, Pygostolini, Syntretini, and Townesilitini.

Belokobylskij (2022) recognize two extinct tribes, Oncometeorini and Prosyntretini.[10]

Genera

The following 56 extant genera and 6 extinct genera belong to the subfamily Euphorinae:

Tribe Centistini Čapek, 1970

Tribe Cosmophorini Čapek, 1958

Tribe Dinocampini Shaw, 1985

Tribe Eadyini van Achterberg, 2000

Tribe Ecnomiini van Achterberg, 1985

Tribe Euphorini Shaw, 1985

Tribe Helorimorphini Schmiedeknecht, 1907

Tribe Myiocephalini Chen & van Achterberg, 1997

Tribe Neoneurini Bengtsson, 1918

†Tribe Oncometeorini Tobias, 1987

Tribe Perilitini Förster, 1862

Tribe Planitorini van Achterberg, 1995

†Tribe Prosyntretini Tobias, 1987

Tribe Pygostolini Belokobylskij, 2000

Tribe Syntretini Shaw, 1985

Tribe Townesilitini Shaw, 1985

References

  1. ^ Li, Jun; van Achterberg, Cornelis; Zheng, Min-Lin; Chen, Jia-Hua (2020). "A new species of Myiocephalus Marshall (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Euphorinae) from China". ZooKeys. ' (933): 95–105. Bibcode:2020ZooK..933...95L. doi:10.3897/zookeys.933.49607. PMC 7248133. PMID 32508490
  2. ^ Shaw, Scott Richard (1997). "Subfamily Euphorinae". Manual of the New World Genera of the Family Braconidae (Hymenoptera). Wharton, Robert A.; Marsh, Paul M.; Sharkey, Michael J. (eds.). Washington, DC: The International Society of Hymenopterists. p. 69. Archived from the original on 2023-08-03. Retrieved 2017-07-13.
  3. ^ Shaw, Scott Richard (1988). "A new Mexican genus and species of Dinocampini with serrate antennae (Hymenoptera; Braconidae; Euphorinae).". Psyche: A Journal of Entomology. 95 (3–4): 289–298. doi:10.1155/1988/98545
  4. ^ Ameri, Ali; Talebi, Ali Asghar; Rakhshani, Ehsan; Beyarslan, Ahmet; Kamali, Karim (2014). "A survey of Euphorinae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) of southern Iran, with description of a new species". Zootaxa. 3900 (3): 415–428. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3900.3.5. PMID 25543746
  5. ^ van Achterberg, Cornelis; Quicke, Donald L.J.; Boring, Charles Andrew (2017). "A revision of the tribe Planitorini van Achterberg (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Euphorinae), with description of a new genus from Australia". ZooKeys. ' (718): 65–94. doi:10.3897/zookeys.718.21151. PMC 5740435. PMID 29290713
  6. ^ Stigenberg, Julia; Boring, Charles Andrew; Ronquist, Fredrik (2015). "Phylogeny of the parasitic wasp subfamily Euphorinae (Braconidae) and evolution of its host preferences". Systematic Entomology. 40 (3): 570–591. Bibcode:2015SysEn..40..570S. doi:10.1111/syen.12122
  7. ^ Chen, Xue-xin & van Achterberg, Corenlis (2019). "Systematics, Phylogeny, and Evolution of Braconid Wasps: 30 Years of Progress". Annual Review of Entomology. 64 (1): 335–358. Bibcode:2019AREnt..64..335C. doi:10.1146/annurev-ento-011118-111856. PMID 30332295
  8. ^ Stigenberg, Julia & van Achterberg, Cornelis (2021). "A new Euphorinae genus Gretiella Stigenberg gen. nov. (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Euphorinae) described from Papua New Guinea". Entomologisk Tidskrift. 142: 201–205. Retrieved 2025-07-06.
  9. ^ Bendixen, Lennart & Shaw, Mark R. (2024). "Are Dermaptera the hosts of the genus Orionis S.R. Shaw (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Euphorinae)?". Entomologist's Monthly Magazine. 160 (4): 263–265. doi:10.31184/M00138908.1604.4279
  10. ^ Belokobylskij, Sergey A. & Hovorka, Tomáš (2022). "A new fossil euphorine genus and species (Hymenoptera, Braconidae) with the longest known ovipositor from Dominican amber". Journal of Hymenoptera Research. 93: 71–80. Bibcode:2022JHymR..93...71B. doi:10.3897/jhr.93.90545
  11. ^ van Achterberg, Cornelis; Ang, Yuchen; Reshchikov, Alexey; Yue, Qi (2018). "Stenope, a new euphorine genus from the Philippines (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)". Zootaxa. 4442 (3): 479–484. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4442.3.9. PMID 30313977
  12. ^ Belokobylskij, Sergey A.; Vasilenko, Dmitry V.; Perkovsky, Evgeny E. (2024). "The first reliable fossil record of the tribe Centistini (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Euphorinae): a new subgenus and species of braconid wasp in Danish amber". Journal of Hymenoptera Research. 97 (15–27): 15. Bibcode:2024JHymR..97...15B. doi:10.3897/jhr.97.115789
  13. ^ Belokobylskij, Sergey A.; Dubovikoff, Dmitry A.; Manukyan, Andranik; Zharkov, Dmitry M. (2021). "Braconid parasitoids of ants (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Euphorinae, Neoneurini) from Baltic amber with a discussion of records of fossil larvae parasitizing ant workers". Journal of Hymenoptera Research. 84: 29–43. Bibcode:2021JHymR..84...29B. doi:10.3897/jhr.84.67749
  14. ^ Zhang, Jing & Chen, Dao-Wei (2015). "New substitute name for the genus Napo Shaw, 2012 (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Euphorinae)". Zootaxa. 3946 (1): 149. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3946.1.10. PMID 25947681
  15. ^ Belokobylskij, Sergey A. (2018). "Notioperilitus gen. nov., a new braconid genus (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Euphorinae) from Australia, parasitoid of adult Morabinae (Orthoptera: Eumastacidae), with remarks on the generic placement of two Afrotropical euphorine species". Zootaxa. 4441 (2): 298–310. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4441.2.6. PMID 30314011