Euhadra

{{Short description|Genus of gastropods}} {{Use dmy dates|date=February 2021}} {{Automatic taxobox |image = Euhadra quaesita.jpg |image_caption = ''Euhadra quaesita'' |taxon = Euhadra | authority = Pilsbry, 1890<ref>Pilsbry H. A. (1890) In: Tryon & Pilsbry, ''Manual of Conchology'' (2)'''6''': 94-95.</ref> | display_parents = 2 |type_species = |type_species_authority = |synonyms= * ''Eulota (Euhadra)'' Pilsbry, 1890 * ''Helix (Euhadra)'' Pilsbry, 1890 }}

'''''Euhadra''''' is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the subfamily Bradybaeninae of the family Camaenidae.<ref name="WoRMS">MolluscaBase eds. (2021). MolluscaBase. Euhadra Pilsbry, 1890. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=995784 on 2021-02-08</ref>

(This snail genus was previously placed in the family Eulotidae).

A few of the species in this genus are unusual in that specimens in those species always have left-handed "sinistral" coiling in their shells, as shown in the specimen on the right. The rest of the species in the genus are right-handed or "dextral" in the shell coiling, as is usually the case in the great majority of gastropods.

==Distribution== These snails are almost endemic to Japan, but one of them are distributed in Korea.

==Species== Most species in this genus have a dextral shell and 5 species are sinistral.<ref> {{cite journal | journal = PLOS Biology | pages = e282 | title = Speciation and Gene Flow between Snails of Opposite Chirality | vauthors = Davison A, Chiba S, Barton NH, Clarke B | volume = 3 | issue = 9, e282 | year = 2005 | doi = 10.1371/journal.pbio.0030282 | pmid = 16149849 | pmc = 1182688 | doi-access = free }} {{open access}} </ref>

===Dextral species=== Dextral species in the genus ''Euhadra'' include: * ''Euhadra amaliae'' (Kobelt, 1875) * ''Euhadra awaensis'' (Pilsbry, 1902) * ''Euhadra brandtii'' (Kobelt, 1875) * ''Euhadra callizona'' (Crosse, 1871) * ''Euhadra caspari'' (Möllendorff, 1884) * ''Euhadra cecillei'' (Philippi, 1849) * ''Euhadra congenita'' (E. A. Smith, 1878) * ''Euhadra cyclolabris'' Möllendorff, 1899 * ''Euhadra dixoni'' (Pilsbry, 1900) * ''Euhadra eoa'' (Crosse, 1868) * ''Euhadra granulifera'' (Möllendorff, 1888) * ''Euhadra herklotsi'' (Martens, 1861) * ''Euhadra idzumonis'' (Pilsbry & Gulick, 1900) * ''Euhadra kunoensis'' Kuroda in Masuda & Habe, 1989 * ''Euhadra latispira'' (Pilsbry & Hirase, 1909) ** ''Euhadra latispira yagurai'' Kuroda & Habe, 1949 [http://opencage.info/pics/Euhadra_latispira_yagurai.asp] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090108202438/http://opencage.info/pics/Euhadra_latispira_yagurai.asp |date=8 January 2009 }} * ''Euhadra luhuana'' (G. B. Sowerby I, 1839) * ''Euhadra moreletiana'' (Heude, 1882) * ''Euhadra nachicola'' Kuroda, 1929 * ''Euhadra nesiotica'' (Pilsbry, 1902) * † ''Euhadra pachya'' (Pilsbry, 1902) * ''Euhadra peliomphala'' (L. Pfeiffer, 1850) * ''Euhadra sadoensis'' (Pilsbry & Y. Hirase, 1903) * ''Euhadra sandai'' (Kobelt, 1879) * ''Euhadra schmackeri'' (Möllendorff, 1888) * ''Euhadra senckenbergiana'' (Kobelt, 1875) ** ''Euhadra senckenbergiana aomoriensis'' (Gulick & Pilsbry, 1900) ** ''Euhadra senckenbergiana ibukicola'' ** ''Euhadra senckenbergiana notoensis'' ** ''Euhadra senckenbergiana minoensis'' ** ''Euhadra senckenbergiana senckenbergiana'' * ''Euhadra sigeonis'' Kuroda, 1944 * ''Euhadra subnimbosa'' (Kobelt, 1894) * † ''Euhadra takarajimana'' M. Azuma & Y. Azuma, 1985 * ''Euhadra tokarainsula'' Minato & Habe, 1982 * ''Euhadra yakushimana'' (Pilsbry & Hirase, 1903) <gallery> Image:Euhadra senckenbergiana aomoriensis 1.jpg|''Euhadra senckenbergiana aomoriensis'' Image:Euhadra senckenbergiana aomoriensis 2.jpg|''Euhadra senckenbergiana aomoriensis'' Image:Euhadra senckenbergiana ibukicola.jpg|''Euhadra senckenbergiana ibukicola'' Image:Euhadra senckenbergiana senckenbergiana.jpg|''Euhadra senckenbergiana senckenbergiana'' </gallery>

===Sinistral species=== [[File:Euhadra murayamai.jpg|right|thumb|''Euhadra murayamai'']] Sinistral species in the genus ''Euhadra'' include: * ''Euhadra decorata'' (Pilsbry & Hirase, 1903) * ''Euhadra grata'' (Gude, 1900) ** ''Euhadra grata echigoensis'' Murayama, Takizawa & Habe, 1991 * ''Euhadra murayamai'' Habe, 1976 * ''Euhadra quaesita'' (Deshayes, 1850), Sought-after False Hadra * ''Euhadra scaevola'' (Martens, 1877)

;Species brought into synonymy: * ''Euhadra amphidroma'' Möllendorff, 1899: synonym of ''Trichocathaica amphidroma'' (Möllendorff, 1899) (original combination) * ''Euhadra carphochroa'' Möllendorff, 1899: synonym of ''Bradybaena carphochroa'' (Möllendorff, 1899) (original combination) * ''Euhadra eris'' Möllendorff, 1899: synonym of ''Bradybaena eris'' (Möllendorff, 1899) (original combination) * ''Euhadra halpozona'' Möllendorff, 1899: synonym of ''Bradybaena halpozona'' (Möllendorff, 1899) (original combination) * ''Euhadra hickonis'' Kobelt, 1879: synonym of ''Euhadra congenita'' (E. A. Smith, 1878) (junior synonym) * ''Euhadra iwadensis'' Toba & Kuroda, 1936: synonym of ''Euhadra decorata decorata'' (Pilsbry & Hirase, 1903) (junior synonym) * ''Euhadra kanmuriensis'' Azuma & Tada, 1969: synonym of ''Euhadra sandai communis'' Pilsbry, 1928 (junior synonym) * ''Euhadra kanoi'' Kuroda, 1932: synonym of ''Nesiohelix kanoi'' (Kuroda, 1932) (original combination) * ''Euhadra koreana'' (L. Pfeiffer, 1850): synonym of ''Fruticicola koreana'' (L. Pfeiffer, 1850) * ''Euhadra micromphala'' Möllendorff, 1899: synonym of ''Bradybaena micromphala'' (Möllendorff, 1899) (original combination) * ''Euhadra pekanensis'' H. Rolle, 1911: synonym of ''Satsuma pekanensis'' (H. Rolle, 1911) (original combination) * ''Euhadra pseudocampylaea'' Möllendorff, 1899: synonym of ''Bradybaena pseudocampylaea'' (Möllendorff, 1899) (original combination) * ''Euhadra pseudopapuina'' Möllendorff, 1901: synonym of ''Aegista pseudopapuina'' (Möllendorff, 1901) (original combination) * ''Euhadra strauchiana'' Möllendorff, 1899: synonym of ''Bradybaena strauchiana'' (Möllendorff, 1899) (original combination) * ''Euhadra strictotaenia'' Möllendorff, 1899: synonym of ''Bradybaena strictotaenia'' (Möllendorff, 1899) (original combination) * ''Euhadra tenuitesta'' Möllendorff, 1899: synonym of ''Bradybaena tenuitesta'' (Möllendorff, 1899) (original combination) * ''Euhadra tobai'' S. Hirase, 1929: synonym of ''Euhadra decorata decorata'' (Pilsbry & Hirase, 1903) (junior synonym) * ''Euhadra tokarana'' Azuma, 1982: synonym of ''Euhadra tokarainsula tokarainsula'' Minato & Habe, 1982

==References== {{Reflist}}

== Further reading == {{Commons category|Euhadra}} * {{Cite journal|last1=Richards|first1=Paul M.|last2=Morii|first2=Yuta|last3=Kimura|first3=Kazuki|last4=Hirano|first4=Takahiro|last5=Chiba|first5=Satoshi|last6=Davison|first6=Angus|date=2017-12-01|title=Single-gene speciation: Mating and gene flow between mirror-image snails|journal=Evolution Letters|language=en|volume=1|issue=6|pages=282–291|doi=10.1002/evl3.31|pmid=30283656|pmc=6121799|issn=2056-3744}} * Ueshima R. & Asami T. (16 October 2003). "Evolution: Single-gene speciation by left–right reversal". ''Nature'' '''425''': 679. {{doi|10.1038/425679a}} * {{in lang|ja}} Kawana M. (2007). [https://web.archive.org/web/20110615062014/http://www.d1.dion.ne.jp/~kinmirai/22-maimai.html かたつむりの世界〈マイマイ属〉] ''The world of land snails (Euhadra) in Japan''. Nagoya, Kinmirai-sha. 332 pp. {{ISBN|978-4-906431-25-0}} (with English introduction) * Yamazaki N., Ueshima R., Terrett J. A., Yokobori S., Kaifu M., Segawa R., Kobayashi T., Numachi K., Ueda T., Nishikawa K., Watanabe K. & Thomas R. H. (1997). "Evolution of pulmonate gastropod mitochondrial genomes: comparisons of complete gene organizations of ''Euhadra'', ''Cepaea'' and ''Albinaria'' and implications of unusual tRNA secondary structures". ''Genetics'' '''145''': 749-758. * Bank, R. A. (2017). Classification of the Recent terrestrial Gastropoda of the World. Last update: July 16, 2017

Category:Euhadra Category:Camaenidae Category:Sinistral (left-coiled) gastropods Category:Taxa named by Henry Augustus Pilsbry