Euglandina

{{Short description|Genus of gastropods}} {{Automatic taxobox | image = EuglandinaRoseaJul03b.jpg | image_caption = A live individual of ''Euglandina rosea'' | taxon = Euglandina |authority = Crosse & Fischer, 1870<ref>Crosse & Fischer P. (1870). ''Miss. Sci. Méxique et Amér. Centr., Rech. zool.'' '''7'''(1): 97.</ref> | diversity_ref = <ref name="Thompson 2008"/> | diversity_link = #Species | diversity =At least 44 species |synonyms= * ''Euglandina (Cosmomenus)'' H. B. Baker, 1941· accepted, alternate representation * ''Euglandina (Euglandina)'' Crosse & P. Fischer, 1870· accepted, alternate representation * ''Euglandina (Singleya)'' H. B. Baker, 1941· accepted, alternate representation * ''Pfaffia'' Behn, 1845 }}

'''''Euglandina''''' is a genus of predatory medium- to large-sized, air-breathing, land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Spiraxidae.<ref name="Thompson 2010">{{Cite journal | last1 = Thompson | first1 = F. G. | title = Four species of land snails from Costa Rica and Panama (Pulmonata: Spiraxidae) | journal = Revista de Biología Tropical | volume = 58 | issue = 1 | pages = 195–202 | year = 2010 | pmid = 20411717 | doi=10.15517/rbt.v58i1.5204 | url = https://revistas.ucr.ac.cr/index.php/rbt/article/download/5204/5004 | doi-access = free }}, [http://www.ots.ac.cr/tropiweb/attachments/volumes/vol58-1/15-Thompson-land-snails-costa-rica-panama.pdf PDF] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110629182603/http://www.ots.ac.cr/tropiweb/attachments/volumes/vol58-1/15-Thompson-land-snails-costa-rica-panama.pdf |date=2011-06-29 }}.</ref>

These snails were previously placed in the family Oleacinidae (according to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005).

''Euglandina'' is the type genus of the subfamily Euglandininae. The pulmonate genus '''''Euglandina''''' is often referred to as ''Glandina'' in older literature, and the most widely known species, ''Euglandina rosea'', may commonly be found under the synonym ''Glandina truncata''.<ref>Pilsbry H. A. (1946). ''Land Mollusca of North America (North of Mexico)''. Vol. 2, Pt. 1. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia Monograph 3.</ref>

These snails are especially notable for being carnivorous and predatory. They are sometimes called "wolf snails" for that reason.

==Distribution== The natural range of ''Euglandina'' encompasses much of the tropical and subtropical Western Hemisphere, including the Southeastern United States to Texas, Mexico, and various locations in Central and South America. The species ''E. rosea'' has been intentionally introduced into many other warm areas — from Hawaii to New Guinea, Bermuda, Sri Lanka, Mauritius, and numerous other locations — in a vain attempt to control accidentally introduced species of snails, usually the giant African ''Lissachatina fulica''.<ref>Columbia Univ. Introduced Species Project. Rosy Wolfsnail (''Euglandina rosea''). http://www.columbia.edu/itc/cerc/danoff-burg/invasion_bio/inv_spp_summ/Euglandina_rosea.html</ref>

Those species of ''Euglandina'' that are not indigenous to the USA have not yet become established there, but they are considered to represent a potentially serious threat as a pest, an invasive species that could negatively affect agriculture, natural ecosystems, human health, or commerce. Therefore, these species should be given top national quarantine significance in the USA.<ref>Cowie R. H., Dillon R. T., Robinson D. G. & Smith J. W. (2009). "Alien non-marine snails and slugs of priority quarantine importance in the United States: A preliminary risk assessment". ''American Malacological Bulletin'' '''27''': 113-132. [http://dillonr.people.cofc.edu/Cowie-et-al-2009.pdf PDF] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160616175729/http://dillonr.people.cofc.edu/Cowie-et-al-2009.pdf |date=2016-06-16 }}.</ref>

[[File:EuglandinaRoseaExBinney1.jpg|thumb|right|''Euglandina rosea'' from W. G. Binney, 1878<ref>Binney W. G. (1878). "The Terrestrial Air-Breathing Mollusks of the United States and Adjacent Territories of North America". Vol. 5 (plates). ''Bull. Mus. Comparative Zool.'', Harvard. Plate 59.</ref>]]

== Species == [[File:EuglandinaRoseaExBinney2.jpg|thumb|right|Left to right:''E. rosea'' (two specimens), ''E. r. bullata'', and ''E. vanuxemensis'' from W. G. Binney, 1878<ref>Binney W. G. (1878). Plates 60, 61, 62. and 62a.</ref>]]

The three subgenera<ref name="Thompson 2008">Thompson F. G. (16 June 2008). [http://www.flmnh.ufl.edu/malacology/mexico-central_america_snail_checklist/index.htm "AN ANNOTATED CHECKLIST AND BIBLIOGRAPHY OF THE LAND AND FRESHWATER SNAILS OF MEXICO AND CENTRAL AMERICA"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121012024507/http://www.flmnh.ufl.edu/malacology/mexico-central_america_snail_checklist/index.htm |date=2012-10-12 }}. [http://www.flmnh.ufl.edu/malacology/mexico-central_america_snail_checklist/part4.htm "PART 4 PULMONATA (ACHATINOIDEA-SAGDOIDEA)"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160602010011/http://www.flmnh.ufl.edu/malacology/mexico-central_america_snail_checklist/part4.htm |date=2016-06-02 }}. accessed 14 January 2011.</ref> and species in the genus ''Euglandina'' include:

Subgenus ''Euglandina'' Crosse & Fischer, 1870 *''Euglandina anomala'' (Angas, 1879) <ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last=Barrientos|first=Zaidett|date=2003|title=Lista de especies de moluscos terrestres (Archaeogastropoda, Mesogastropoda, Archaeopulmonata, Stylommatophora, Soleolifera) informadas para Costa Rica|url=https://revistas.ucr.ac.cr/index.php/rbt/article/view/26388/26575|journal=Revista de Biología Tropical|volume=51|pages=293–304}}</ref> *''Euglandina aurata'' (Morelet, 1849)<ref name="Thompson 1987">Thompson F. D. (1987). [http://ufdc.ufl.edu/UF00095799 "Giant carnivorous land snails from Mexico and Central America"]. ''Bulletin of the Florida State Museum'' (Biological Sciences) '''30'''(2): 29-52.</ref> - type species<ref name="Thompson 2008" /> *''Euglandina aurantiaca'' Angas, 1879 <ref name=":0" /> * ''Euglandina bailyi'' M. Smith, 1950<ref name="Thompson 2008"/> * ''Euglandina binneyana'' (Pfeiffer, 1845)<ref name="Thompson 2008"/> *''Euglandina broctontomlini'' Pilsbry, 1926 <ref name=":0" /> * ''Euglandina cognata'' (Strebel, 1875)<ref name="Thompson 2008"/> * ''Euglandina cuneus'' (Von Martens, 1891)<ref name="Thompson 2008"/> *''Euglandina cumingi'' ''cumingi'' Beck, 1837 <ref name=":0" /> *''Euglandina cumingi rubromarginata'' Martens, 1891<ref name=":0" /> *''Euglandina cylindracea'' Phillips, 1846 * ''Euglandina dactylus'' (Broderip, 1832)<ref name="Thompson 2008"/> * ''Euglandina daudebarti'' (Deshayes, 1850)<ref name="Thompson 2008"/> ** ''Euglandina daudebarti amoena'' (Von Martens, 1865)<ref name="Thompson 2008"/> ** ''Euglandina daudebarti jalapana'' (Von Martens, 1891)<ref name="Thompson 2008"/> ** ''Euglandina daudebarti miradorensis'' (Strebel, 1878)<ref name="Thompson 2008"/> * ''Euglandina gigantea'' Pilsbry, 1926<ref name="Thompson 2008"/><ref name="Thompson 1987"/> * ''Euglandina huingensis'' (Pilsbry, 1903)<ref name="Thompson 2008"/> * ''Euglandina immemorata'' Pilsbry, 1907<ref name="Thompson 2008"/> * ''Euglandina indusiata'' (Pfeiffer, 1860)<ref name="Thompson 2008"/> *''Euglandina isabellina'' Pfeiffer, 1846) <ref name=":0" /> * ''Euglandina lamyi'' (Fischer & Chatelet, 1903)<ref name="Thompson 2008"/> * ''Euglandina liebmanni'' (Pfeiffer, 1846)<ref name="Thompson 2008"/> * ''Euglandina livida'' Dall, 1908<ref name="Thompson 2008"/> * ''Euglandina michoacanensis'' (Pilsbry, 1899)<ref name="Thompson 2008"/> *''Euglandina mitriformis'' (Angas, 1879) <ref name=":0" /> *''Euglandina monilifera Pfeiffer, 1845 <ref name=":0" />'' **''Euglandina monilifera pulcherrima'' Pfeiffer, 1845 <ref name=":0" /> * ''Euglandina pan'' Thompson, 1987<ref name="Thompson 2008"/><ref name="Thompson 1987"/> * ''Euglandina pilsbryi'' Bartsch, 1909<ref name="Thompson 2008"/> * ''Euglandina pinicola'' (Fischer & Crosse, 1870)<ref name="Thompson 2008"/> *''Euglandina pittieri'' (Martens, 1901) <ref name=":0" /> * ''Euglandina radula'' (Strebel, 1875)<ref name="Thompson 2008"/> * ''Euglandina rosea'' (Férussac, 1821) * ''Euglandina sowerbyana'' (Pfeiffer, 1846)<ref name="Thompson 2008"/><ref name="Thompson 1987"/> ** ''Euglandina sowerbyana estephaniae'' (Strebel, 1875)<ref name="Thompson 2008"/><ref name="Thompson 1987"/> * ''Euglandina striata'' (Müller, 1774)<ref name="Thompson 2008"/> * ''Euglandina texasiana'' (Pfeiffer, 1856)<ref name="Thompson 2008"/> * ''Euglandina texasiana angustior'' Pilsbry & Vanatta, 1936<ref name="Thompson 2008"/> * ''Euglandina titan'' Thompson, 1987<ref name="Thompson 2008"/><ref name="Thompson 1987"/> * ''Euglandina vanuxemensis'' (Lea, 1834)<ref name="Thompson 2008"/><ref name="Thompson 1987"/>

Subgenus ''Singleya'' H. B. Baker, 1941<ref name="Thompson 2008"/> * ''Euglandina anomala'' (Angas, 1879)<ref name="Thompson 2008"/> ** ''Euglandina anomala barrocoloradensis'' Pilsbry, 1930<ref name="Thompson 2008"/> * ''Euglandina balesi'' Pilsbry, 1938<ref name="Thompson 2008"/> * ''Euglandina candida'' (Shuttleworth, 1852)<ref name="Thompson 2008"/> ** ''Euglandina candida conularis'' (Pfeiffer, 1855)<ref name="Thompson 2008"/> * ''Euglandina carminensis'' (Morelet, 1849)<ref name="Thompson 2008"/> * ''Euglandina corneola'' (W. G. Binney, 1857)<ref name="Thompson 2008"/> * ''Euglandina decussata'' (Deshayes, 1840)<ref name="Thompson 2008"/> * ''Euglandina excavata'' (Von Martens, 1891)<ref name="Thompson 2008"/> * ''Euglandina ghiesbreghti'' (Pfeiffer, 1856)<ref name="Thompson 2008"/> * ''Euglandina hererrae'' (Contreras, 1923)<ref name="Thompson 2008"/> * ''Euglandina insignis'' (Pfeiffer, 1855)<ref name="Thompson 2008"/> * ''Euglandina jacksoni'' Pilsbry & Vanatta, 1936<ref name="Thompson 2008"/> * ''Euglandina longula'' (Fischer & Crosse, 1870)<ref name="Thompson 2008"/> * ''Euglandina lowei'' Pilsbry, 1931<ref name="Thompson 2008"/> * ''Euglandina mazatlanica'' (Von Martens, 1891)<ref name="Thompson 2008"/> ** ''Euglandina mazatlanica abbreviata'' (Von Martens, 1891)<ref name="Thompson 2008"/> * ''Euglandina pseudoturris'' (Strebel, 1875)<ref name="Thompson 2008"/> * ''Euglandina singleyana'' (W. G. Binney, 1878)<ref name="Thompson 2008"/> * ''Euglandina tenella'' (Strebel, 1875)<ref name="Thompson 2008"/> * ''Euglandina turris'' (Pfeiffer, 1846)<ref name="Thompson 2008"/> ** ''Euglandina turris longurio'' Pilsbry & Cockerell, 1926<ref name="Thompson 2008"/> * ''Euglandina wani'' (Jacobson, 1968)<ref name="Thompson 2008"/>

Subgenus ''Cosmomenus'' H. B. Baker, 1941<ref name="Thompson 2008"/> * ''Euglandina cumingi'' (Beck, 1827)<ref name="Thompson 2008"/> * ''Euglandina cylindracea'' (Phillips, 1846)<ref name="Thompson 2008"/>

; Species brought into synonymy: * ''Euglandina exesa'' Cockerell, 1930 - fossil: synonym of ''Euglandina singleyana'' (W. G. Binney, 1892)

==Description== The various species of ''Euglandina'' are similar in numerous ways. The shells are simple, oval in outline (sometimes broadly so), but occasionally more-or-less straight-sided, the lip of the aperture is also simple, without any thickening. These shells may be brown, orange, or pink in color, or some intermediate shade. Shell sculpture when present usually consists of striae that mark progressive growth increments. All species are carnivores, and probably have essentially the same hunting and feeding strategies,<ref>Cook A. (1983). "Feeding by the carnivorous snail ''Euglandina rosea'' Férrusac". ''Journal of Molluscan Studies'' '''49''': 32-35.</ref><ref>Harry H. W. (1983). "Notes on the flesh-eating land snail, ''Euglandina rosea'' in Texas, and its feeding habits". ''Texas Conchologist'' '''20'''(1): 23-27.</ref> and reproductive techniques.<ref>Cook A. (1985). "The courtship of ''Euglandina rosea'' Férrusac". ''Journal of Molluscan Studies'' '''51''': 211-214.</ref>

==Habitat== Members of this genus can be found in many microhabitats. They can be found in semitropical moist jungle, and in near-desert.{{citation needed|date=January 2011}} Their only requirements seem to be a relatively warm climate, and the presence of a sufficient supply of food.{{citation needed|date=January 2011}}

== References == {{Reflist}}

== Further reading == {{Commons category}} * Hubricht L. (1985). "The distribution of the native land mollusks of the eastern United States". ''Fieldiana Zoology'' '''24''': 1-191. * Perez K. & Strenth N. E. (2003). "A systematic review of the land snail ''Euglandina singleyana'' (Binney, 1892) (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Spiraxidae)". ''Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington'' '''116'''(3): 649-660. * Perez K. & Strenth N. E. (2002). "Enzymatic variation in the land snail ''Euglandina texasiana'' (Gastropoda: Pulmonata) from south Texas and northeastern Mexico". ''Texas J. Science'', 1 February 2002.

Category:Spiraxidae Category:Euglandina Category:Taxa named by Joseph Charles Hippolyte Crosse Category:Taxa named by Paul Henri Fischer