{{short description|Iranian daily newspaper}} {{Use dmy dates|date=August 2021}} {{Expand Persian|اطلاعات (روزنامه)|date=January 2020}} {{Infobox newspaper | name = Ettela'at Newspaper | image = Ettelaat.svg | caption = | type = Daily newspaper | founded = {{start date and age|1926|7|10|df=yes}} | ceased_publication = | political_position = Conservatism (Iranian) | editor = Abdolreza Izadpanah<ref>https://www.ashooranews.ir/Section-politics-3/9530-appointment-of-the-supreme-leader-new-representative-at-the-ettelaat-institute-and-newspaper</ref> | founder = Abbas Massoudi | circulation = | headquarters = Tehran, Iran | website = {{URL|ettelaat.com}} }} {{Conservatism in Iran|Media}} '''''Ettela'at''''' ({{langx|fa|{{nq|اطلاعات}}|italic=no|Ettelâ'ât|lit=Information}}) is a Persian-language daily newspaper of record published in Tehran, Iran. It is among the oldest publications in the country, and the oldest running Persian daily newspaper in the world.{{sfn|Parvin|1998|pages=58–62}} The paper has a conservative stance,<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.aawsat.net/2014/03/article55330035|title=Iran's Fourth Estate|author=Arash Karami|date=15 March 2014|work=Asharq Al Awsat|access-date=22 September 2014|archive-date=13 April 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150413061429/http://www.aawsat.net/2014/03/article55330035|url-status=dead}}</ref> and focuses on political, cultural, social, and economic news.<ref>{{cite journal|author1=Abdolrasoul Jowkar|author2=Fereshteh Didegah|date=2010|title=Evaluating Iranian newspapers' web sites using correspondence analysis|journal=Library Hi Tech|volume=28|issue=1|pages=119–130|doi=10.1108/07378831011026733}}</ref> Until the 1979 Iranian Revolution, the newspaper was associated with its chief founder Abbas Massoudi (1895–1974).<ref>{{Cite book|author=Liora Handelman-Baavur|title=Creating the modern Iranian woman: popular culture between two revolutions|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=2019|isbn=978-1-108-62799-3|location=Cambridge|page=61|oclc=1127288640}}</ref>
==History and profile == ''Ettala'at'' was started by Abbas Massoudi in 1926 as a four-page paper and sold nearly 2,000 copies per week.<ref name="Eid2002">{{cite book|author=Mushira Eid|title=The World of Obituaries: Gender across Cultures and over Time|url=https://archive.org/details/worldofobituarie0000eidm|url-access=registration|date=1 January 2002|publisher=Wayne State University Press|isbn=0-8143-3655-8|page=[https://archive.org/details/worldofobituarie0000eidm/page/52 52]}}</ref><ref name=cam>{{cite journal|author=Camron Michael Amin|title=Importing "Beauty Culture" into Iran in the 1920s and 1930s: Mass Marketing Individualism in an Age of Anti-Imperialist Sacrifice|journal=Comparative Studies of South Asia, Africa and the Middle East|date=2004 |volume=24|issue=1|page=84|url=https://doi.org/10.1215/1089201X-24-1-81|doi=10.1215/1089201X-24-1-81|s2cid=145745951 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> The circulation of the paper was 15,000 copies during the reign of Reza Shah.<ref name=Eid2002/> At the beginning of World War II. the paper was expanded and had eight pages.<ref name=cam/>
''Ettala'at'' supported Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi during his reign.<ref>{{cite journal|author=Ahmad Faroughy|title=Repression in Iran|journal=Index on Censorship|date=1 December 1974|volume=3|issue=4|page=15|url=https://doi.org/10.1080/03064227408532367|doi=10.1080/03064227408532367|s2cid=143139528 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> One of the editors-in-chief was Hassan Sayyed Javadi, younger brother of Ali Sayyed Javadi, another journalist with ''Kayhan'', and Ahmad Sayyed Javadi, sometime interior minister of the Islamic government.<ref>{{cite news|author=Amir Taheri|title=Leading Iranian Writer Dies in Exile|newspaper=Asharq Al Awsat|url=https://english.aawsat.com//home/article/1318051/leading-iranian-writer-dies-exile|access-date=23 July 2021|date=2 July 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210723061302/https://english.aawsat.com//home/article/1318051/leading-iranian-writer-dies-exile|archive-date=23 July 2021|location=London}}</ref> In the late 1960s the publisher of the paper was Abbas Massoudi who served as the vice president of the Iranian Senate.<ref>{{cite journal|author=Roham Alvandi|title=Muhammad Reza Pahlavi and the Bahrain Question, 1968–1970|journal=British Journal of Middle Eastern Studies|date=2010|volume=37|issue=2|doi=10.1080/13530191003794723|url=https://doi.org/10.1080/13530191003794723|page=168|s2cid=159639635 |url-access=subscription}}</ref>
On 6 January 1978, an article appeared in ''Ettela'at'', suggesting Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini was a British agent serving colonialism.<ref name=SMa>{{cite book|author1=Sandra Mackey|author2=W. Scott Harrop|title=The Iranians: Persia, Islam, and the Soul of a Nation|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AMRtAAAAMAAJ|year=1996|publisher=Dutton|isbn=978-0-525-94005-0|page=278}}</ref> The article also challenged Khomeini's Iranian origins and claimed that he had been living an immoral life.<ref name=mehko>{{cite book|author1=Mehrzad Boroujerdi|author2=Kourosh Rahimkhani|title=Postrevolutionary Iran. A Political Handbook|date=2018|publisher=Syracuse University Press|location=Syracuse, NY|isbn=978-0815635741|page=3|url=https://irandataportal.syr.edu/postrevolutionary-iran-a-political-handbook|access-date=29 August 2021|archive-date=21 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210921151947/https://irandataportal.syr.edu/postrevolutionary-iran-a-political-handbook|url-status=dead}}</ref> The next day, clerics in Qom protested and the police demanded they disperse.<ref name=mehko/> When they refused, police opened fire and at least twenty people were killed. Iranian media displayed outrage, which increased tensions leading up to the 1979 Iranian Revolution.<ref name=SMa/><ref name=mehko/> During the clashes between the Imperial forces and revolutionaries, ''Kayhan'' and ''Ettela'at'' was censored in October 1978.<ref>{{cite journal|author=Nicholas M. Nikazmerad|title=A Chronological Survey of the Iranian Revolution|journal=Iranian Studies|date=1980|volume=13|issue=1/4|page=336|jstor=4310346|doi=10.1080/00210868008701575}}</ref>
Following the revolution, ''Ettela'at'' became a state-sponsored publication together with ''Kayhan'' and ''Jomhouri-e Eslami'' of which publishers are directly appointed by the Supreme Leader.<ref>{{cite journal|author=Mahmud Farjami|title=Political Satire as an Index of Press Freedom: A Review of Political Satire in the Iranian Press during the 2000s|journal=Iranian Studies |date=2014|volume=47|issue=2 |page=233 |doi=10.1080/00210862.2013.860325|s2cid=145067513 |url=https://doi.org/10.1080/00210862.2013.860325|url-access=subscription}}</ref>
On 31 January 1979, ''Kayhan'' and ''Ettela'at'' announced that Khomeini would return from Paris the next day. ''Ettela'at''{{'s}} title was "tomorrow morning at 9, visiting Imam in Tehran." The news led to the flow of millions of people from different cities to Tehran.<ref>{{cite news|title=11 Bahman 1357, tomorrow morning at 9, visiting Imam in Tehran|url=http://www.ghatreh.com/news/nn30085201/%D8%A8%D9%87%D9%85%D9%86-%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%87-%D8%B5%D8%A8%D8%AD-%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%AF%D8%A7-%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%85-%D8%AA%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86}}</ref> In 1979, the newspaper published a photo known as ''Firing Squad in Iran'', showing Kurdish militants being executed by Iranian authorities. The photo would later go on to win the 1980 Pulitzer Prize, attributed to "Anonymous", but later was revealed in 2006 to be Jahangir Razmi.
<gallery widths="200px" heights="160px"> File:Paper news Khamenei was voted as Iran president.jpg|''Ettela'at''{{'}}s coverage of Ali Khamenei becoming President (1981) File:صفحهٔ نخست روزنامهٔ اطلاعات ۱۲ فروردین ۱۳۵۸.jpg|First page of ''Ettela'at'' on Iranian Islamic Republic Day (1 April 1979) File:Firing Squad in Iran.jpg|''Firing Squad in Iran'', published by ''Ettela'at'' (28 August 1979) </gallery>
==See also== * List of newspapers in Iran * "The Shah Is Gone"
== Citations == {{Reflist|33em}}
== General and cited references == * {{Cite encyclopedia|title=EṬṬELĀʿĀT|first=Nassereddin |last=Parvin|url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/ettelaat| encyclopedia=Encyclopaedia Iranica|volume= IX, Fasc. 1|pages=58–62|year=1998}}
== External links == * {{Commons category-inline|Ettela'at}}
{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Ettelat}} Category:1926 establishments in Iran Category:Conservative media in Iran Category:Daily newspapers published in Iran Category:Newspapers established in 1926 Category:Newspapers published in Tehran Category:Persian-language newspapers Category:State media