Espostoopsis

{{Short description|Genus of cacti}} {{Speciesbox |image = Espostoopsis dybowskii (Rol.-Gosselin) Buxbaum.jpg |status = VU |status_system = IUCN3.1 |status_ref = <ref name = "iucn status 18 November 2021">{{cite iucn |author = Taylor, N.P. |date = 2017 |title = ''Espostoopsis dybowskii'' |volume = 2017 |article-number = e.T40933A121501760 |doi = 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-3.RLTS.T40933A121501760.en |access-date = 18 November 2021}}</ref> |display_parents = 3 |genus = Espostoopsis |parent_authority = Buxb. |species = dybowskii |authority = ([[Rol.-Goss.]]) [[Buxb.]] |synonyms = Of the genus:<ref name=POWO_295143-2>{{Cite POWO|title=''Espostoopsis'' Buxb..|id=295143-2|access-date=2023-10-08|mode=cs1}}</ref> *''Gerocephalus'' <small>F.Ritter</small> Of the species:<ref name=POWO_133093-1>{{Cite POWO|title=''Espostoopsis dybowskii'' (Rol.-Goss.) Buxb..|id=133093-1|access-date=2023-10-08|mode=cs1}}</ref> {{Species list |Austrocephalocereus dyhowskii|(Rol.-Goss.) Backeb. |Cephalocereus dybowskii|(Rol.-Goss.) Britton & Rose |Cereus dybowskii|Rol.-Goss. |Coleocephalocereus dybowskii|(Rol.-Goss.) F.H.Brandt |Gerocephalus dybowskii|(Rol.-Goss.) F.Ritter }} }}

'''''Espostoopsis''''' is a [[monotypic taxon|monotypic genus]] of [[cactus]] containing the single [[species]] '''''Espostoopsis dybowskii'''''. The generic name is formed from [[Greek language|Greek]] ''opsis'' meaning "view", referring to its resemblance to the genus ''[[Espostoa]]'', with which it is often confused. The plant is only known from northern [[Bahia]], [[Brazil]].<ref name="iucn status 18 November 2021" />

==Description== ''Espostoopsis dybowskii'' grows shrubby and branches from the ground, reaches heights 2 to 4 meters. Their cylindrical trunks have 20 to 28 ribs, reaches up to a diameter of 8 centimeters and completely covered by white hairs. The [[areole]]s are covered with dull, yellowish wool and abundant white hairs. The 2 to 3 protruding, needle-like central spines are yellow and 2 to 3 centimeters long. The numerous, short and thin radial spines are hidden in the hairs of the areoles. The cephalium arises laterally and has a length of up to 60 centimeters.

The flowers are white and short tubular to bell-shaped, open at night and are up to 4 centimeters long. The flower tube covered with very small scales. The fruits are almost glabrose, pink fruits with persistent, blackening flower remains are broadly ovate in shape and have a diameter of up to 2.5 centimeters. Fruits contain white flesh and do not tear open. The black, rough-warty seeds are oval to pear-shaped.<ref name="Anderson Eggli 2005 p. 284–285.">{{cite book | last1=Anderson | first1=Edward F. | last2=Eggli | first2=Urs | title=Das grosse Kakteen-Lexikon | publisher=Ulmer | publication-place=Stuttgart (Hohenheim) | date=2005 | isbn=3-8001-4573-1 | language=de | pages=284–285}}</ref>

==Taxonomy== The genus was first described in 1968 by [[Franz Buxbaum]].<ref name="Au Cactus Francophone w613">{{cite web | title=Au Cactus Francophone | website=Au Cactus Francophone | url=https://www.cactuspro.com/lecture/Krainz-Hans/Die-Kakteen-E/page-129.en.html | language=fr | access-date=2023-12-21}}</ref> The specific epithet ''dybowskii'' honors the botanist and agricultural scientist [[Jean Dybowski]]. Its only species was first described in 1909 as ''Cereus dybowskii'' by Robert Roland-Gosselin.<ref name="France. 1908 h488">{{cite web | last=France. | first=Société botanique de | title=Bulletin de la Société botanique de France | publisher=La Société | volume=v.55 (1908) | date=1908 | issn=0037-8941 | url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/327328 | access-date=2023-12-21}}</ref> Further [[Synonym (taxonomy)|nomenclature synonym]] are ''Cephalocereus dybowskii'' (Rol.-Goss.) Britton & Rose (1920), ''Austrocephalocereus dybowskii'' (Rol.-Goss.) Backeb. (1951), ''Austrocephalocereus dyhowskii'' (Rol.-Goss.) Backeb. (1951), ''Gerocephalus dybowskii'' (Rol.-Goss.) F.Ritter (1968) and ''Coleocephalocereus dybowskii'' (Rol.-Goss.) F.H.Brandt (1981).

The genus was formerly placed in subtribe [[Trichocereinae]], but a 2023 [[Molecular phylogenetics|molecular phylogenetic]] study found that it belonged to subtribe [[Cereinae]].<ref name=RomeTaylZappTelh23>{{Cite journal |last1=Romeiro-Brito |first1=Monique |last2=Taylor |first2=Nigel P. |last3=Zappi |first3=Daniela C. |last4=Telhe |first4=Milena C. |last5=Franco |first5=Fernando F. |last6=Moraes |first6=Evandro M. |date=2023 |title=Unravelling phylogenetic relationships of the tribe Cereeae using target enrichment sequencing |journal=Annals of Botany |volume=132 |issue=5 |pages=989–1006 |doi=10.1093/aob/mcad153 |name-list-style=amp |pmc=10808018 }}</ref>

==Distribution and habitat== ''Espostoopsis dybowskii'' is found growing in granite and quartz outcrops in northern [[Bahia, Brazil]] at altitudes of 300 to 750 meters.<ref name="llifle.com 2013 v003">{{cite web | title=Espostoopsis dybowskii | website=llifle.com | date=2013-08-04 | url=http://www.llifle.com/Encyclopedia/CACTI/Family/Cactaceae/7944/Espostoopsis_dybowskii | access-date=2023-12-21}}</ref>

==References== {{Reflist}}

==External links== *{{Commons category-inline|Espostoopsis|''Espostoopsis''}} *{{Wikispecies-inline|Espostoopsis|''Espostoopsis''}}

[[Category:Cereeae]] [[Category:Cacti of South America]] [[Category:Endemic flora of Brazil]] [[Category:Flora of Bahia]] [[Category:Cereeae genera]] [[Category:Monotypic Cactaceae genera]] [[Category:Vulnerable flora of South America]]