{{Short description|None}} {{inc-lit|date=October 2021}} This is a '''list of places mentioned in the Bible''', which do not have their own Wikipedia articles. See also the list of biblical places for locations which do have their own article. {{compact TOC|top=yes|seealso=yes|extlinks=no|refs=yes}}
==A== ===Abana=== '''Abana''', according to 2 Kings 5:12, was one of the "rivers of Damascus", along with the Pharpar river.<ref>{{bibleverse|2 Kings|5:12}}</ref>
===Abdon=== '''Abdon''' was a Levitical city in Asher allocated to the Gershonites according to Joshua 21:30 and 1 Chronicles 6:74.<ref>{{bibleverse|Joshua|21:30|NKJV}}; {{bibleverse|1|Chronicles|6:74|NKJV}}</ref>
===Abel-Shittim=== '''Abel-Shittim''', the last Israelite encampment before crossing into the Promised Land, is identified by Josephus with Abila in Peraea, probably the site of modern Tell el-Hammam in Jordan.
===Adam=== '''Adam''' was a location which, according to Joshua 3:16, was along the Jordan River, near Zarethan.<ref>{{bibleverse|Joshua|3:16|NKJV}}</ref> According to Cheyne and Black, it may be a scribal error for "Adamah".<ref>"Adam", in {{harvnb|Cheyne|Black|1899}}</ref>
===Adadah=== '''Adadah''' is the name of a town mentioned in Joshua 15:22, in a list of towns inside the territory of the Tribe of Judah.<ref>{{bibleverse|Joshua|15:22|NKJV}}</ref> The name "Adadah" appears nowhere else in the Bible.<ref name="cb adadah">"Adadah", in {{harvnb|Cheyne|Black|1899}}</ref> Adadah is Hadad or Haddad spelled backwards. According to the ''Encyclopaedia Biblica,'' the name "Adadah" may be a miswritten version of ''Ararah,'' a name equivalent to "Aroer".<ref name="cb adadah" />
===Addan=== '''Addan''' or '''Addon''' is a Babylonian location mentioned in Ezra 2:59 and Nehemiah 7:61.
===Adithaim=== '''Adithaim''', mentioned only in Joshua 15:36,<ref>{{bibleverse|Joshua|15:36|NKJV}}</ref> is listed among locations belonging to Judah in the Shephelah.<ref name="cb adithaim">"Adithaim", in {{harvnb|Cheyne|Black|1899}}</ref>
===Adria=== '''Adria''', mentioned in Acts 27:27,<ref>{{bibleverse|Acts|27:27|NKJV}}</ref> is a term used for "the division of the Mediterranean which lies between Sicily and Malta on the West and Crete on the East".<ref name="cb adria">W. J. Woodhouse, [https://archive.org/details/encyclopaediabib01cheyuoft/page/n67/mode/2up?view=theater "Adria"], in {{harvnb|Cheyne|Black|1899}}</ref>
===Aesora=== '''Aesora''' (or '''Esora''') is a location mentioned only in Judith 4:4.<ref name="cb aesora"/> The Book of Judith is considered canonical by the Catholic and Orthodox churches, but not by Jews and most Protestants.
The Septuagint calls the place ''Aisora'', ''Arasousia'', ''Aisoraa'', or ''Assaron,'' depending on the manuscript.<ref name="cb esora">[https://archive.org/details/encyclopaediabib02cheyuoft/page/n145/mode/2up "Esora"], in {{harvnb|Cheyne|Black|1901}}</ref> The Book of Judith places it between Choba and the Valley of Salem.<ref name="cb esora" /> According to Cheyne and Black (1899), the exact location is uncertain.<ref name="cb esora" /> It could be the same as Tel Hazor, which is mentioned in the Book of Joshua; or at an As[h]er-Michmethath (Joshua 16:6) which Blessed Anne Catherine Emmerich and the Bordeaux Pilgrim place at modern Tayasir.<ref name="EmmerichOnAserMichmethath">{{cite book |last1=Emmerich |first1=Anne Catherine |title=Life of Christ |page=vol. 2, pp. 408–9 |url=https://tandfspi.org/ACE_vol_02/ACE_2_0401_out.html#ACE_2_p0408 |access-date=20 January 2025}}</ref><ref>Bordeaux Pilgrim, 1887, p. [https://archive.org/stream/cu31924028534158#page/n39/mode/1up 18], [https://archive.org/stream/cu31924028534158#page/n88/mode/1up Appendix VI]</ref>
===Aetan=== '''Aetan''' appears in the Septuagint version of the Book of Joshua.<ref name="Bibleref2|Joshua 15:59-60">{{bibleverse|Joshua|15:59-60}}</ref><ref name="Rainey1982">{{cite journal |author= Anson Rainey |year= 1982 |title= Wine from the royal vineyards |journal=Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research |volume= 245 |issue= Winter | pages= 57–62, p. 59 |doi= 10.2307/1356528 |publisher= The American Schools of Oriental Research |jstor= 1356528|s2cid= 164003915 }}</ref>
===Ahava=== '''Ahava''' is the name of a canal or river mentioned in the Book of Ezra, where Ezra and the latter group of returning exiles assembled before travelling to Jerusalem.<ref>Ezra 8:15,21,31</ref><ref name="Kidner2016">{{cite book|author=Derek Kidner|title=Ezra and Nehemiah|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0VmnCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA74|date=2 April 2016|publisher=InterVarsity Press|isbn=978-0-8308-9473-4|page=74}}</ref> Its location is unknown.<ref name="Kidner2016" /><ref>Jerusalem Bible (1966), footnote c at Ezra 8:15, London: Darton, Longman & Todd Ltd and Doubleday and Co. Inc.</ref> The equivalent text in the Greek 1 Esdras refers to "the river Theras".<ref>[https://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/r/rsv/rsv-idx?type=DIV1&byte=3584099 I Esdras 8:41, 61] in the Revised Standard Version</ref>
Albert Barnes says that it was both a town and a river.<ref>Barnes, A., [https://biblehub.com/commentaries/barnes/ezra/8.htm Barnes' Notes] on Ezra 8, accessed 6 April 2020</ref>
===Almon=== '''Almon''' is a location mentioned in Joshua 21:18 given to the Kohathites,<ref>{{bibleverse||Joshua|21:18|NKJV}}</ref> and thought to be near the modern Israeli settlement at Almon, Mateh Binyamin in the West Bank.
===Amad=== '''Amad''' is a biblical place-name mentioned only in Joshua 19:26.<ref>{{bibleverse|Joshua|19:26|NKJV}}</ref><ref name="cb amad">"Amad", in {{harvnb|Cheyne|Black|1899}}</ref> It appears in a list of locations that make up the borders of the territory assigned to the biblical Tribe of Asher.<ref name="cb amad" />
===Amam=== '''Amam''' ({{langx|he|אמם}}, {{transliteration|he|'amam}}) is an unidentified site in the Negeb of Judah, near the border with Edom, mentioned in Joshua 15:26.<ref>{{bibleverse|Joshua|15:26|NKJV}}</ref><ref>"Amam", in {{harvnb|Cheyne|Black|1899}}</ref>
===Anaharath=== '''Anaharath''' is described in Joshua 19:19 as a location on the border of the territory belonging to the Tribe of Issachar.<ref>{{bibleverse|Joshua|19:19|NKJV}}</ref> It was most likely located at the site now known as Tel Rekhesh<ref>{{harvnb|Douglas|Tenney|2011|pages=[https://books.google.com/books?id=8Tq7UcPMwacC&pg=PA64 64–65]}}</ref>/Tell el-Mukharkhash in the Tabor Stream valley.
===Arah of the Sidonians=== '''Arah of the Sidonians''' is a place-name which appears in Joshua 13:4.<ref>See the NIV, Holman, NET, OJB, CSB, EXB, MEV, CEV, and the Message.</ref> Other translations render the name '''Mearah'''.<ref>For example, the ESV, KJV, RV, ASV, JPS (1917), ESV, NASB, and NLT.</ref> The initial syllable ''me-'' here is commonly interpreted as a preposition, yielding the translation "from Arah" instead of "Mearah". The ''me-'' is also interpreted as "from" by Thomas Kelly Cheyne, although he additionally proposed that further scribal error had influenced the word.<ref name="cb mearah">"Mearah", in {{harvnb|Cheyne|Black|1902}}</ref>
===Arumah=== '''Arumah''' is a location mentioned in Judges 9:41, as the place where Gideon's son Abimelech lived for a time. The location is generally considered to be the same as the modern Jebel el-Urmah.<ref name="Block2009">{{cite book|author=Daniel I. Block|title=Joshua, Judges, Ruth, 1 & 2 Samuel|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OaRthHx13scC&pg=PA173|date=13 October 2009|publisher=Zondervan|isbn=978-0-310-25574-1|page=173}}</ref>
=== Ascent of Luhith === ''See Luhith.''
===Ashnah=== '''Ashnah''' is the name given in Joshua 15 (verses 33 and 43) for two places in the Shephelah of Judah. For the first, the modern location Aslin has been proposed; for the second, Idna.<ref>"Ashnah", in {{harvnb|Douglas|Tenney|2011|page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=8Tq7UcPMwacC&pg=PA130 130]}}</ref>
===Ataroth-addar=== '''Ataroth-addar''' is a location mentioned in Joshua 16:5.<ref>{{bibleverse|Joshua|16:5|NKJV}}</ref> It may be the same location as the Ataroth mentioned in 16:2.<ref>{{harvnb|Douglas|Tenney|2011|page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=8Tq7UcPMwacC&pg=PA138 138]}}</ref>
===Aznoth-tabor=== '''Aznoth-tabor''' is the name of a place in the territory of the Tribe of Naphtali. It is probably the modern Khirbet el-Jebeil,<ref name="Nelson1997">{{cite book|author=Richard D. Nelson|title=Joshua (1997): A Commentary|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=M6l1BwAAQBAJ&pg=PA285|date=1 August 1997|publisher=Presbyterian Publishing Corporation|isbn=978-1-61164-509-5|page=285}}</ref> c. 3 miles north of Mount Tabor.
==B== ===Beer=== '''Beer''' was a location reached by the Israelites during their Exodus journey, mentioned in Numbers 21:16-18.<ref>{{bibleverse||Numbers|21:16-18|NKJV}}</ref> After the death of Aaron, the Israelites moved on, apparently at pace, through a series of locations along the Moabite/Amorite border. There was a well at Beer, where Moses was able to assemble and refresh the travelling community, and which was associated with a song regarding the Israelite leaders and 'the lawgiver' in providing water.
Another Beer (or Bera)<ref>[http://biblehub.com/drb/judges/9.htm Douai-Rheims Bible]</ref> is mentioned in Judges 9:21 as the place to which Gideon's youngest son, Joatham or Jotham, fled to escape from Abimelech after his 69 brothers had been killed.<ref>{{bibleverse||Judges|9:21|NKJV}}</ref> Matthew Poole described Beer as "a place remote from Shechem, and out of Abimelech's reach";<ref>[http://biblehub.com/commentaries/poole/judges/9.htm Matthew Poole's Commentary] on Judges 9, accessed 30 October 2016</ref> and the Pulpit Commentary suggests it is "either the same as Beeroth, among the heights of the tribe of Benjamin (Joshua 9:17), now El-Birch, 'the first halting-place for caravans on the northern road from Jerusalem' (Arthur Penrhyn Stanley, ''Sinai and Palestine'', p. 210); or a place called by Eusebius 'Beta', now El-Birch, eight Roman miles from Eleutheropolis (now Beit Jibrin), and possibly the same as the place of the same name described by Maundrell as four hours from Jerusalem, and two hours west of Bethel; or, as Ewald thinks, Beer beyond Jordan (Numbers 21:16 [see above])". The commentary concludes that "it is impossible to decide which, or whether any, of these is the place designated as Jotham's place of refuge.<ref>[http://biblehub.com/commentaries/pulpit/judges/9.htm Pulpit Commentary] on Judges 9, accessed 30 October 2016</ref>
===Beer-lahai-roi=== '''Beer-lahai-roi''', or '''the well of the Living One who sees me''',<ref>{{bibleverse|Genesis|16:14|CEV}}: Contemporary English Version</ref> is the name of a well in the Negev where the angel of the {{Lord}} appeared to Hagar.<ref name="cb beer-lahai-roi">"Beer-lahai-roi", in {{harvnb|Cheyne|Black|1899}}</ref><ref>Genesis 16:4</ref> Later the Book of Genesis claims that Isaac stayed near it.<ref>Genesis 24:62, 25:11</ref> Genesis locates this well in the wilderness of Beer-sheba,<ref>Genesis 21:14</ref> "on the way to Shur ... between Kadesh and Bered".<ref>Genesis 16:7, 14</ref><ref name="cb beer-lahai-roi" /> Because the ''Beer'' in Beer-lahai-roi is simply the Hebrew word "well", the King James Version renders the whole expression "the well Lahairoi".{{clarify|reason=This format is not in KJV, see https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James_Version,_1611)/Genesis#chapter_16. There are no texts at either https://www.biblegateway.com/verse/en/Genesis%2016%3A14 or https://biblehub.com/parallel/genesis/16-14.htm where "Lahairoi" or its variants are not preceded by "Beer".|date=April 2026}}
The biblical references to it may place it somewhere in the vicinity of the modern Bir 'Asluj.<ref name="Naaman273">{{cite book|author=Nadav Naʼaman|title=Ancient Israel and Its Neighbors: Interaction and Counteraction|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1RgRPAkLqLUC&pg=PA273|year=2005|publisher=Eisenbrauns|isbn=978-1-57506-108-5|page=273}}</ref>
===Beeroth=== {{hiero|bȝ(j)rtw<ref name = Gauthier2>{{cite book |last1=Gauthier |first1=Henri |title=Dictionnaire des Noms Géographiques Contenus dans les Textes Hiéroglyphiques Vol. 2 |date=1925 |page=2 |url=https://archive.org/details/Gauthier1925_2/page/n3}}</ref><ref name = Budge977>{{harvnb|Budge|1920|page=[https://archive.org/details/egyptianhierogly02budguoft/page/977 977]}}</ref>|<hiero>R7-G29*M17-E23*X1*G43</hiero>|era=nk|align=right}} ''See Beeroth (biblical city).''<br /> Beeroth ({{langx|he|בְּאֵרוֹת}}; <small>in LXX</small> {{langx|grc|Βηρωθ}}) is a minor city in Gibeon mentioned in {{bibleverse|Joshua|9:17|ESV}}. Maspero, Petrie, also Müller and Budge identify the place name '''Baertou''' mentioned in the Annals of Thutmose III at Temple of Karnak as biblical Beeroth.<ref name = Gauthier2/>
===Beon=== '''Beon''' is a location mentioned only in Numbers 32:3. It may be a copying error for "Meon".<ref>''Holman Bible Dictionary'' (1991), [https://www.studylight.org/dictionaries/hbd.html Beon]</ref>
===Bera=== An alternative name for Beer.<ref>{{bibleverse||Judges|9:21|DRA}}</ref>
===Bered=== '''Bered''' is a location mentioned only in Genesis 16:14, which locates Hagar between Kadesh and Bered at the time of her meeting with an angel while pregnant.
===Berothah=== '''Berothah''' is a place mentioned in passing in Ezekiel 47:16.
===Beth-Anath=== A place mentioned in Judges 1:33 and situated in the tribal territory of Naphtali.<ref>{{bibleverse|Judges|1:33}}</ref>
===Bethanath=== Bethanath
===Betharabah=== Betharabah
===Beth-aram=== Beth-aram
===Betharbel=== Betharbel (Hosea 10:14)
===Beth-aven=== Beth-aven was a city located within the tribal territory of Benjamin (Joshua 18:12), associated with Jonathan's triumph over the Philistines in the Battle of Michmas.<ref name=":022">{{Cite book |last=Lemche |first=Niels Peter |title=Historical dictionary of ancient Israel |date=2004 |publisher=Scarecrow Press |isbn=978-0-8108-4848-1 |series=Historical dictionaries of ancient civilizations and historical eras |location=Lanham, Md. |page=81 |quote=}}</ref> Beth-aven, in {{bibleverse|Hosea|4:15|NKJV}} It Is opposed to Beth-el.<ref>{{cite web |title=The term "Aven" |url=https://bibleatlas.org/aven.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20080823174501/https://bibleatlas.org/aven.htm |archive-date=August 23, 2008}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=The term "Beth-aven" in the Old Testament |url=https://biblehub.com/topical/b/beth-aven.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20140218103238/https://biblehub.com/topical/b/beth-aven.htm |archive-date=February 18, 2014}}</ref> In the same book, a caution is issued to Beth-Aven alongside Gibeah and Ramah about a looming invasion.<ref name=":022" /> Proposals for Beth-Aven's location vary, with none confirmed. Some suggest it is a derogatory term for Beth-el, reflecting its association with Jeroboam's golden calf.<ref name=":022" />
===Beth-azmaveth=== Beth-azmaveth
===Beth-barah=== A place mentioned in Judges 7:24.<ref>{{bibleverse|Judges|7:24}}</ref>
===Beth-birei=== Beth-birei
===Beth Car=== Beth-car, Beth Car: The point to which the Israelites drove back the Philistines following their raid on the Israelite assembly convened by Samuel at Mizpah, recorded in 1 Samuel 7:5-12.<ref>{{bibleverse|1|Samuel|7:5-12|NKJV}}</ref>
===Beth-diblathaim=== Beth-diblathaim
===Bethemek=== Bethemek
===Bether=== Bether
===Beth-ezal=== Beth-ezal
===Beth-gader=== Beth-gader
===Beth-gamul=== Beth-gamul
===Beth Jeshimoth=== '''Beth Jeshimoth''' (Hebrew, ''Beit ha-Yeshimot'') was a town in the Transjordan, which is mentioned in four verses of the Hebrew Bible: Numbers 33:49, Joshua 12:3 and 13:20, and Ezekiel 25:9. Numbers mentions it in a description of where the Israelites encamped during their wilderness journeys. According to Joshua 13:20, it was part of the land allocated to the Tribe of Reuben. Ezekiel 25:9 lists it as one of three cities which constitute "the glory of the country" of Moab, in a passage in which God promises to punish Moab. During the First Jewish-Roman War, Beth Jeshimoth (Bezemoth) was captured by the Roman Imperial army, and was used by them to resettle deserters who had joined the Roman ranks.<ref>Josephus, ''De Bello Judaico'' (Wars of the Jews) [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0148%3Abook%3D4%3Awhiston+chapter%3D7%3Awhiston+section%3D6 4.7.6] (4.437)</ref>
The King James Version spells the name as '''Bethjesimoth''' and '''Bethjeshimoth'''. Classical Greek sources: '''Bezemoth.'''
Beth Jeshimoth is commonly identified with the village of Sweimeh in modern-day Jordan.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Frumkin|first1=Amos|last2=Elitzur|first2=Yoel|date=2002|title=Historic Dead Sea Level Fluctuations Calibrated with Geological and Archaeological Evidence|journal=Quaternary Research|volume=57|issue=3|page=341|doi=10.1006/qres.2002.2330|bibcode=2002QuRes..57..334F |s2cid=129375298 |issn=0033-5894}}</ref>
===Beth Lebaoth=== '''Beth Lebaoth''', '''Beth-lebaoth''' or '''Lebaoth''' is located in the Negev, and in territory which according to the Book of Joshua was assigned to the Tribe of Simeon.<ref>See Joshua 15:32, 19:6</ref><ref name="cb beth-lebaoth">"Beth-lebaoth", in {{harvnb|Cheyne|Black|1899}}</ref>
===Beth-marcaboth=== Beth-marcaboth
===Beth-meon=== Beth-meon
===Beth-millo=== Beth-millo, {{bibleverse| Judges| 9:6}}, {{bibleverse| Judges| 9:20}}
===Beth Pelet=== '''Beth Pelet''' (spelled '''Bethpalet''' and '''Bethphelet''' in the King James Version) was a location in the territory assigned to the Tribe of Judah by Joshua 15:27, and was occupied by Judahites in Yehud Medinata following the return from the Babylonian captivity according to Nehemiah 11:26. Its location is not certain, but may have been along the southern edge of Judah near the border with Edom.<ref name="FreedmanMyers2000">{{harvnb|Freedman|2000|page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=qRtUqxkB7wkC&pg=PA173 173]}}</ref>
===Beth-pazzez=== Beth-pazzez
===Beth Peor=== '''Beth Peor''' – also transliterated as ''Bethpeor'' (KJ21), ''Beth-peor'' (ASV), ''Beth-pe'or'' (RSV), ''Beit-P'or'' (CJB) or ''Phogar'' (Douai-Rheims Bible) – is, according to Deuteronomy 3:29 and Deuteronomy 4:46, the location "opposite which" the Israelites were camped after their victories over Sihon, king of the Amorites and Og, king of Bashan, after their captured lands were allocated to the tribes of Reuben, Gad and Manasseh,<ref>{{bibleverse||Deuteronomy|3:29|NIV}}; {{bibleverse||Deuteronomy|4:46|NIV}}</ref> and where Moses delivered his sermon summarizing covenant history and the Ten Commandments in the narrative of the book of Deuteronomy.<ref>{{bibleverse||Deuteronomy|5:1-21|NIV}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Conder |first1=C. R. |last2=Kitchener |first2=H. H. |date=1883 |title=The Survey of Western Palestine |volume=3 |publisher=The Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund |pages=[https://archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp03conduoft#page/35/mode/1up 35], [https://archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp03conduoft#page/112/mode/1up 112]}}</ref>
===Beth-phelet=== Beth-phelet
===Beth-rapha=== Beth-rapha
===Bohan=== See Stone of Bohan.
==C== ===Caleb-ephrathah=== '''Caleb-ephrathah''' or '''Caleb-ephratah''' is a place mentioned only in 1 Chronicles 2:24, where it is said that Hezron died there.<ref>{{bibleverse|1 Chronicles|2:24}}</ref>
===Camon=== {{Main|Kamon (Bible)}} Kamon is mentioned only once in the Bible. While only one Hebrew name is given in the Masoretic text,<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Les Juges - Chapitre 10 - שופטים |url=https://mechon-mamre.org/f/ft/ft0710.htm |access-date=2024-06-17 |website=mechon-mamre.org}}</ref> both Καμων (Kamôn) and Ραμμω (Rhammô) are found in the Septuagint manuscripts.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=La Septante, Juges, chapitre 10 |url=https://theotex.org/septuaginta/juges/juges_10.html |access-date=2024-06-17 |website=theotex.org}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite book |last1=Gesenius |first1=Wilhelm |url=http://archive.org/details/hebrewchaldeelex00geseuoft |title=Hebrew and Chaldee lexicon to the Old Testament Scriptures; translated, with additions, and corrections from the author's Thesaurus and other works |last2=Tregelles |first2=Samuel Prideaux |date=1857 |publisher=London, Bagster |others=Gerstein - University of Toronto}}</ref>
In the 19th century, Easton believed it was probably located on the slopes of Mount Carmel.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Easton's Bible Dictionary (1897)/Camon - Wikisource, the free online library |url=https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Easton%27s_Bible_Dictionary_(1897)/Camon |access-date=2024-06-17 |website=en.wikisource.org |language=en}}</ref> One possible etymology of the term could come from קָמָה (Qamāh), which means "to rise", possibly indicating that it was a fortified place situated on high ground.<ref name=":2" /> A place named Καμους (Kamous) was mentioned by Polybius and was conquered by Antiochus III.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Polybius • Histories — Book 5 |url=https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Polybius/5*.html#70 |access-date=2024-06-17 |website=penelope.uchicago.edu}}</ref> It might be the same location.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Niehoff |first=Maren R. |title=Judentum und Hellenismus |date=2024 |publisher=Mohr Siebeck |isbn=978-3-16-163536-6 |editor-last=Weyel |editor-first=Birgit |series=Lucas-Preis |location=Tübingen |page=12 |translator-last=Schumann |translator-first=Daniel |translator-last2=Chaldekas |translator-first2=Matthew}}</ref>
However, according to more recent research, the term might have a primarily symbolic meaning, deriving from the Greek Kαμίνος (Kaminos), which means "furnace".<ref name=":3">{{Cite journal |last=Vette |first=Nathanael |date=2020-12-28 |title=The Many Fiery Furnaces of Daniel 3: The Evolution of a Literary Model |url=https://brill.com/view/journals/bi/30/3/article-p312_003.xml |journal=Biblical Interpretation |volume=30 |issue=3 |pages=312–328 |doi=10.1163/15685152-2020002 |issn=1568-5152|hdl=20.500.11820/e6feee30-9929-4b0a-8733-bc9755dfd675 |hdl-access=free |url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last1=Bailly |first1=Anatole |title=Dictionnaire grec-français: Réd. avec le concours de E. Egger. Éd. rev. par L[ouis] Séchan et P. Chantraine. Avec, en app., de nouvelles notices de mythologie et religion par L. Séchan |last2=Egger |first2=E. |last3=Séchan |first3=Louis |last4=Chantraine |first4=Pierre |date=1984 |publisher=Hachette |isbn=978-2-01-001306-5 |location=Paris}}</ref> This interpretation is reinforced by Pseudo-Philo, who interprets a passage related to Jair by stating: "And in the fire in which you will die, there you will have a dwelling place."<ref name=":3" /><ref>{{Cite journal |last=James |first=M. R. |date=1915 |title=Notes on Apocrypha |journal=The Journal of Theological Studies |volume=16 |issue=63 |pages=403–413 |doi=10.1093/jts/os-XVI.4.403 |jstor=23947991 |issn=0022-5185}}</ref>
===Carem=== '''Carem''' appears in the Septuagint version of the Book of Joshua.<ref name="Bibleref2|Joshua 15:59-60"/><ref name="Rainey1982"/>
===Casiphia=== '''Casiphia''' or '''Kasiphia''' is a place-name found only in Ezra 8:17, referring to an unknown location in Babylon.<ref name="hbd casiphia">[https://www.studylight.org/dictionaries/hbd/c/casiphia.html ''Holman Bible Dictionary'' (1991), "Casiphia."]</ref> Ezra is recorded as having gotten Levites from Casiphia in order to serve in the temple of Jerusalem.
===Cave of Makkedah=== ''See Makkedah.''
===Chephirah=== ''See Chephirah.''
===Chezib=== '''Chezib''', a Canaanite village where the sons of Judah were born, thought to be ''Khirbet Ghazy''; now a ruin.
===Culon=== '''Culon''' appears in the Septuagint version of the Book of Joshua.<ref name="Bibleref2|Joshua 15:59-60"/><ref name="Rainey1982"/>
==D== ===Diblah=== '''Diblah''' (also called '''Diblath''') is a place-name found in Ezekiel 6:14.<ref>{{bibleverse|Ezekiel|6:14|NKJV}}</ref> It is probably a variant form of the name Riblah.<ref name="Carley1974">{{cite book|author=Keith W. Carley|title=The Book of the Prophet Ezekiel|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jgA9AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA48|date=14 November 1974|publisher=CUP Archive|page=48|id=GGKEY:LGKJ9RGUSCS}}</ref><ref>The King James Version calls it "Diblath," while New International Version, New American Standard Bible, Holman Christian Standard Bible read "Diblah." It is emended to "Riblah" in the New Living Translation, and New English Translation.</ref>
===Dilean=== '''Dilean''' is a place-name found in Joshua 15:38, in a list of locations allotted to the tribe of Judah in the Shephelah. The site is unknown, but from the position of the town in the list, it would appear to be somewhere north of Tel Lachish and Eglon.<ref name="cb dilean">"Dilean", in {{harvnb|Cheyne|Black|1899}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Douglas|Tenney|2011|page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=8Tq7UcPMwacC&pg=PA358 358]}}</ref>
===Dimonah=== '''Dimonah''' is a place listed in Joshua 15:22 as being inside the territory of Judah along its southern border with Edom. It may be the same as Dibon.<ref name="cb dimonah">"Dimonah", in {{harvnb|Cheyne|Black|1899}}</ref>
===Dura=== The "plain of '''Dura'''" is a location mentioned in Daniel 3:1, as the place where the king of Babylon built an image of himself. The location is uncertain, as there were several places named Dura in the region.<ref>{{harvnb|Douglas|Tenney|2011|page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=8Tq7UcPMwacC&pg=PA378 378]}}</ref>
==E== ===Eglaim=== '''Eglaim''' is a Moabite city mentioned by Isaiah in his proclamation against Moab (Isaiah 15:8). Its location is unknown.
===Elealeh=== '''Elealeh''' was a Moabite town. Every time it is mentioned in the Bible, Heshbon is mentioned as well.<ref name="cb elealeh">"Elealeh", in {{harvnb|Cheyne|Black|1901}}</ref> The Book of Numbers assigns Elealeh to the Tribe of Reuben.<ref>Numbers 32:3, 37</ref> Thomas Kelly Cheyne believed that where the present Hebrew text of Isaiah 15:8 reads ''Beer Elim'', the original likely read ''b-'' [Hebrew preposition "in"] ''Elealeh.''<ref name="cb elealeh" /> Today the location of the biblical Elealeh is called ''elʿAl''.<ref>{{harvnb|Douglas|Tenney|2011|page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=8Tq7UcPMwacC&pg=PA399 399]}}</ref>
===Eleph=== '''Eleph''' is the name given in Joshua 18:28, apparently for a town in the territory of the Tribe of Benjamin. Because the name "Eleph" means thousand, and because the form found in Joshua is in Hebrew ''ha-eleph'', literally "the thousand", Thomas Kelly Cheyne believed there was an error in the text, and that ''ha-eleph'' was a copyist's mistake for either Taralah or Irpeel.<ref name="cb eleph">"Eleph", in {{harvnb|Cheyne|Black|1901}}</ref> Another understanding of the word is that it is part of a compound name for a town called ''Zela Haeleph'', instead of "Zela" and "Eleph" being two distinct towns, as in the King James Version.<ref name="Pitkänen2010">{{harvnb|Pitkänen|2010|page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=Q7tvG_w6uQEC&pg=PA316 316]}}</ref> Conder and Kitchener identified Eleph with Lifta.<ref name=":02">Conder and Kitchener, 1881, SWP III, p. [https://archive.org/details/surveyofwesternp03conduoft/page/18/mode/1up?view=theater 18], [https://archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp03conduoft#page/47/mode/1up 47]</ref>
===Elon-beth-hanan=== '''Elon-beth-hanan''' (sometimes written '''Elonbethhanan,''' '''Elonbeth-hanan,''' '''Elon Bethhanan,''' etc.) is apparently the name of a place recorded in 1 Kings 4:9. 1 Kings 4 asserts that Solomon, king of Israel, divided his kingdom into twelve administrative districts, each with a governor responsible for delivering taxation from the region to the king. The region assigned to a Ben-Deker is recorded as including Makaz, Shaalbim, Beth-shemesh, and Elon-beth-hanan. Instead of ''beth'', some manuscripts read ''ben,'' the Hebrew word for "son of," yielding the reading "Elon son of Hanan."<ref name="cb elon-beth-hanan">"Elon-beth-hanan", in {{harvnb|Cheyne|Black|1901}}</ref> Instead of "Elon-beth-hanan," the Septuagint reads "and Elon as far as Beth-hanan", a reading endorsed as "probably right" by the ''Encyclopaedia Biblica,'' although the ''Encyclopaedia'' expresses doubt as to whether "Beth-hanan" is correct.<ref name="cb elon-beth-hanan" />
===Elon-meonenim=== ''See Meonenim.''
===Eltolad=== '''Eltolad''' is a location in Canaan mentioned in the Book of Joshua. Joshua 15:30 considers it a part of the territory of Judah in the Negev along the southern border with Edom, but Joshua 19:4 treats it as part of the territory of the Tribe of Simeon. 1 Chronicles 4:29 refers to it as "Tolad."<ref name="cb eltolad">"Eltolad", in {{harvnb|Cheyne|Black|1901}}</ref>
===Enam=== '''Enam''', according to Joshua [https://www.mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt0615.htm#34 15:34], was a town in the Shephelah of the Tribe of Judah. It may be the same location as the Enaim where, in the narrative found in the book of Genesis, Tamar seduced the patriarch Judah.<ref name="Losch2013">{{cite book|author=Richard R. Losch|title=All the Places in the Bible|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vZyTAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA597|date=May 2013|publisher=Xlibris Corporation|isbn=978-1-4836-2826-4|page=597}}</ref>{{Self-published inline|certain=yes|date=December 2017}}<ref name="cb enaim">"Enaim", in {{harvnb|Cheyne|Black|1901}}</ref>
===En-eglaim=== '''En-eglaim''' ('''Eneglaim''', '''En Eglaim''') is a location mentioned in a vision of the prophet Ezekiel. According to his vision, the Dead Sea (a salty lake in which fish cannot live) would one day be filled with fresh water, and fishers would cast their nets "from Engedi to En-eglaim."<ref name="cb en-eglaim">"En-eglaim", in {{harvnb|Cheyne|Black|1901}}</ref> According to Thomas Kelly Cheyne (1899), a likely theory would be that the place referred to is near where the Jordan River empties into the Dead Sea, resulting in the freshwater fish washed into the Dead Sea dying of the excessive salt content and washing up dead on the beach. Cheyne suggested ''Ain Hajleh'' (Ain Hajlah) as a possible location, thinking that the Hebrew ''Eglaim'' might be a later version in a text which originally read "Hoglah," as in the place-name "Beth-hoglah."<ref name="cb en-eglaim" /> At present the exact location is still unidentified, though proposals include Ain Hajlah, Ain Feshka, or Eglaim.<ref>Monica L. W. Brady, in {{harvnb|Freedman|2000|page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=P9sYIRXZZ2MC&pg=PA406 406]}}</ref>
===En-gannim=== '''En-gannim''' is the name of two towns mentioned in the Hebrew Bible.<ref name="cb en-gannim">"En-gannim", in {{harvnb|Cheyne|Black|1901}}</ref> *A town in the Shephelah of Judah, according to Joshua 15:34. *A town in the territory of the Tribe of Issachar, according to Joshua 19:21. See also Anem.
===En-haddah=== '''En-haddah''' is a town mentioned only once in the Bible, in Joshua 19:21, where it is assigned to the territory of the Tribe of Issachar. Due to its placement in a list of towns, it would appear to be close to En-gannim, which immediately precedes it.<ref name="cb en-haddah">S. A. Cook, "En-haddah", in {{harvnb|Cheyne|Black|1901}}</ref>
===En-hakkore=== '''En-hakkore''' is the name of a fountain, mentioned only in Judges 15:18-19. In the biblical narrative, Samson the Israelite hero is thirsty, and calls (''kara'') to God in fear that he will die of thirst. In response, God causes a spring to miraculously appear. Samson memorializes the incident by naming the spring ''En Hakkore,'' Hebrew for "spring of the caller." According to ''Encyclopaedia Biblica,'' the original etymology of ''En-hakkore'' is "spring of the partridge," while the meaning "spring of the caller" is a later legendary invention.<ref name="cb en-hakkore">"En-hakkore", in {{harvnb|Cheyne|Black|1901}}</ref>
===Ephratha=== '''Ephratha''' (Bethlehem); from the Septuagint version of the Book of Joshua.<ref name="Bibleref2|Joshua 15:59-60"/><ref name="Rainey1982"/>
===Esek=== '''Esek''' is the name of the first of two wells which, according to Genesis, were the object of an argument between Isaac and herdsmen from the Philistine city of Gerar.<ref>Genesis 26:20</ref> The Hebrew form of the name as preserved in the Masoretic Text is ''Esek'', while Greek Septuagint manuscripts have the forms ''Adikia'' or ''Sykophantia.''
===En-shemesh=== '''En-shemesh''', meaning "fountain of the sun", is the name of a place along the border between Judah and the Tribe of Benjamin, between Ein Rogel and Adummim.<ref>On the location, see Joshua 15:7 and 18:17</ref><ref>On the etymology and proposed locations, see "En-shemesh", in {{harvnb|Cheyne|Black|1901}}</ref>
===Eshan=== '''Eshan''' ('''Eshean''') is the name of a place in the hill-country of the territory of the Tribe of Judah.<ref>Joshua 15:52</ref> The location has not been identified.<ref>{{cite book|author=Tremper III Longman|title=The Baker Illustrated Bible Dictionary|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cqbz3n3uwpUC&pg=PT888|date=1 August 2013|publisher=Baker Books|isbn=978-1-4412-3886-3|page=888}}</ref>
===Esora=== '''Esora''' is the King James Bible and Revised Version spelling of "Aesora".<ref name="cb aesora">"Aesora", in {{harvnb|Cheyne|Black|1899}}</ref> See Aesora.
===Eth-kazin=== '''Eth-kazin''' (KJV '''Ittah-kazin''') is the name of a place along the border of the territory of the Tribe of Zebulun, according to Joshua 19:13.
===Ezel=== '''Ezel''' appears to be the name given to a cairn, rock or milestone in a biblical story concerning David and Jonathan (1 Samuel 20:19). David, the future king of Israel, is a close friend of Jonathan, the son of then-king Saul. Jonathan warns David that Saul may be seeking to kill him, and instructs David to flee. Jonathan instructs David to wait "at the rock Ezel" until Jonathan can understand Saul's intentions, which he will then signal to David so that David can know whether to flee or stay in Saul's court. According to some biblical critics, the word "Ezel" is not a proper noun in Hebrew, and is either a scribal mistake of some kind or a word which is not understood by biblical scholars.<ref name="cb ezel">T. K. Cheyne, "Ezel", in {{harvnb|Cheyne|Black|1901}}</ref> The Revised Standard Version refers to it as "yonder stone heap".<ref>{{bibleverse|1|Samuel|20:19|RSV}}</ref>
==G== ===Galeed=== '''Galeed''', according to Genesis 31:47-48, is the name given by Jacob to the place where he and Laban reached a peace agreement. The name is Hebrew for "testimonial mound", and is a reference to the pile of stones erected by Jacob and Laban as a memorial, or "witness", of the agreement between the two relatives. Laban called the stone "Jegar-Sahadutha", the Aramaic equivalent of the Hebrew "Galeed".<ref name="cb galeed">T. K. Cheyne, "Galeed", in {{harvnb|Cheyne|Black|1901}}</ref>
===Gallim=== '''Gallim''' is a biblical place-name. In the Masoretic Text of the Hebrew Bible, Gallim is the name of one location, while the Greek Septuagint contains two locations by that name.
In Isaiah 10:30, the village of Gallim is mentioned alongside Laishah (Tel Dan) and Anathoth, placing it somewhere north of Jerusalem.<ref name="cb gallim">T. K. Cheyne, "Gallim", in {{harvnb|Cheyne|Black|1901}}</ref> Michal in 1 Samuel, best known for being the wife of David, was briefly the wife of Palti, son of Laish, a man identified as coming from Gallim.<ref>1 Samuel 25:44</ref>
An additional Gallim (or Galem) is mentioned in the Septuagint text of 15:59a, which contains additional cities assigned to the tribe of Judah which are not recorded in the Masoretic Text.<ref name="cb gallim" /><ref>Most existing translations of the Hebrew Bible or Old Testament into English are based primarily on the Masoretic Text. For a scholarly translation of the Septuagint into English, see the ''New English Translation of the Septuagint''. For the Septuagint reading of Joshua 15:59a, see this PDF, on page 187: [http://ccat.sas.upenn.edu/nets/edition/06-iesous-nets.pdf]. The name Iesous found in the PDF is the Greek equivalent of Joshua.</ref>
===Gath-rimmon=== Gath-rimmon, the Levitical city from Joshua 19:45, Joshua 21:25 and 1 Chronicles 6:69,<ref>{{bibleverse||Joshua|19:45}}; {{bibleverse||Joshua|21:25}}; {{bibleverse|1|Chronicles|6:69|NKJV}}</ref> has been identified by Benjamin Mazar with Tel Gerisa.<ref>Negev, Avraham/Gibson, Shimon, Archaeological Encyclopedia of the Holy Land, New York/London 2001, p.195, {{ISBN|0-8264-1316-1}} (English)</ref> Anson Rainey supported the notion that it is identical with Gittaim and is to be found at or near Ramla.<ref name="Rainey 1998 73">{{cite journal |last=Rainey |first=Anson |title= Review by: Anson F. Rainey|journal= Journal of the American Oriental Society |volume= 118|issue= 1 |page= 73 |jstor= 606301 |date=1998}}</ref>
===Gebim=== '''Gebim''' is a biblical place-name which appears only in Isaiah 10:31,<ref name="cb gebim">T. K. Cheyne, "Gebim", in {{harvnb|Cheyne|Black|1901}}</ref> in which it is said that "the inhabitants of Gebim gather themselves to flee." The location of Gebim is unknown.<ref name="Naaman353">{{cite book|author=Nadav Naʼaman|title=Ancient Israel and Its Neighbors: Interaction and Counteraction|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1RgRPAkLqLUC&pg=PA353|year=2005|publisher=Eisenbrauns|isbn=978-1-57506-108-5|page=353}}</ref>
===Gederothaim=== '''Gederothaim''' is a place-name which appears only in Joshua 15:36, in a list of locations possessed by the Tribe of Judah in the Shephelah.<ref name="cb gederothaim">"Gederothaim", in {{harvnb|Cheyne|Black|1901}}</ref> Because it appears immediately after the mention of Gederah, some scholars have suggested that "Gederothaim" was introduced by a mistaken copying of the name "Gederah."<ref name="cb gederothaim" />
===Geliloth=== '''Geliloth''' is a place-name mentioned in Joshua 18:17, where it describes a location along the boundaries of the territory assigned to the Tribe of Benjamin. The name means "stone-circles."<ref name="cb geliloth">"Geliloth", in {{harvnb|Cheyne|Black|1901}}</ref>
===Gibbar=== '''Gibbar''' is a "district of Judah" mentioned in a list of returnees from the Babylonian captivity, where the list claims that 95 of the "sons [i.e. people] of Gibbar" returned.<ref>Ezra 2:20</ref><ref name="cb gibbar">"Gibbar", in {{harvnb|Cheyne|Black|1901}}</ref>
===Ginath=== ''For the possible place-name Ginath, see List of biblical figures § Ginath.''
===Gittaim=== '''Gittaim''' is a place-name which appears several times in the Hebrew Bible. According to Thomas Kelly Cheyne, "there were probably several Gittaims".<ref name="cb gittaim">T. K. Cheyne, "Gittaim", in {{harvnb|Cheyne|Black|1901}}</ref> *A town called Gittaim in the territory of the Tribe of Benjamin appears in Nehemiah 11:33.<ref>{{bibleverse|Nehemiah|11:33}}</ref> *A town called Gittaim is where the Beerothites were accepted as resident aliens according to 2 Samuel 4:3.<ref>{{bibleverse|2 Samuel|4:3}}</ref> *Based on readings found in the Greek Septuagint, Cheyne suggested that "Gittaim is also probably the name of a town in or near Edom", referred to in Genesis 36:35 and 1 Chronicles 1:46, where the Hebrew text now reads "Avith".<ref name="cb gittaim" /> Anson Rainey also places "Gath/Gittaim/Gath-rimmon", clearly different from Gath of the Philistines, at or near Ramla.<ref name="Rainey 1998 73"/> *In the Septuagint, 1 Samuel 14:33 contains a reference to a Gittaim (Greek ''geththaim''),<ref>{{bibleverse|1 Samuel|14:33}}</ref> although Cheyne believes the Septuagint's reading here to be a "manifest error".<ref name="cb gittaim" />
===Gur-baal=== '''Gur-baal''' is the name of a place mentioned in 2 Chronicles 26:7. According to the Chronicler, it was inhabited by "Arabians", and was the object of a successful attack by Uzziah, the king of Judah.
==H== ===Habor=== '''Habor''' is the biblical name for the Khabur River, which was in the wilderness of Judah, and mentioned in 2 Kings 17:6, 18:11.<ref>{{bibleverse|2 Kings 17:6, 18:11|multi=yes}}</ref>
===Hachilah=== The '''Hill of Hachilah''' is a place in the wilderness of Judah.<ref name="cb hachilah-hill-of">T. K. Cheyne, "Hachilah, Hill of", in {{harvnb|Cheyne|Black|1901}}</ref> It is mentioned in 1 Samuel 23:19, 26:1 as a place where David hid from Saul.<ref>{{bibleverse|1 Samuel 23:19, 26:1|multi=yes}}</ref>
===Hadad-Rimmon=== See {{bibleverse|Zechariah|12:11}}, Rummanah, Legio, Maximianopolis (Palestine), Hadad.
===Hadashah=== {{hiero|1=ḥwdjsꜣtꜣ(j) or ḥwdꜣsꜣṯ<ref name = Budge1021/><ref name = Gauthier23/><ref name = Recueil/> |2=<hiero>F18:Y1-D46:Z4-Aa18:Z1-U33-M17-N18</hiero> '''or''' <hiero>F18:Y1-D46:G1-Aa18:Z1-V13:N25</hiero>|era=nk|align=right}} '''Hadashah''' ({{langx|he|חֲדָשָׁה}}; <small>in LXX</small> {{langx|grc|Ἀδασὰν}}), mentioned only in once in the Bible in the Book of Joshua, was a city in the valley of Judah.<ref>{{bibleverse|Joshua|15:37}}</ref><ref name="cb hadashah">T. K. Cheyne, "Hadashah", in {{harvnb|Cheyne|Black|1901}}</ref> Its name means 'new'.<ref name="cb hadashah" /> It is mentioned among the cities smitten by Ramesses III in his lists at the Temple of Karnak and the Mortuary Temple of Ramesses III at Medinet Habu as '''Houdasatha'''.<ref name = Budge1021>{{harvnb|Budge|1920|page=[https://archive.org/details/egyptianhierogly02budguoft/page/1021 1021]}}</ref><ref name = Gauthier23>{{cite book |last1=Gauthier |first1=Henri |title=Dictionnaire des Noms Géographiques Contenus dans les Textes Hiéroglyphiques Vol. 4 |date=1927 |page=23 |url=https://archive.org/details/Gauthier1927/page/n13}}</ref><ref name = Recueil>{{cite book |author1=Gaston Maspero |author-link1=Gaston Maspero |editor1-last=Daressy |editor1-first=Georges |editor1-link=Georges Daressy |title=Recueil de travaux relatifs à la philologie et à l'archéologie égyptiennes et assyriennes: pour servir de bulletin à la Mission Française du Caire Vol. XX |page=118 |url=https://digi.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/diglit/rectrav1898/0131/image |access-date=14 April 2020 |language=fr}}</ref>
===Hali=== '''Hali''' is mentioned only in Joshua 19:25, in a list of cities assigned to the Tribe of Asher.<ref>{{bibleverse|Joshua|19:25}}</ref><ref name="cb hali">S. A. Cook, "Hali", in {{harvnb|Cheyne|Black|1901}}</ref> Stanley Cook believed the name "Hali" may have been a scribal error for "Helbah."<ref name="cb hali" />
===Hammath=== '''Hammath''' was one of the fortified cities of Naphtali.<ref>{{bibleverse|Joshua|19:35}}</ref>
===Hammon=== '''Hammon''' is the name of two places in the Hebrew Bible.<ref name="cb hammon">T. K. Cheyne, "Hammon", in {{harvnb|Cheyne|Black|1901}}</ref> The first is along the borders of the Tribe of Asher.<ref>{{bibleverse|Joshua|19:28}}</ref><ref name="cb hammon" /> The second is a Levitical city inside the territory of the Tribe of Naphtali, which is probably identical to Hammath and Hammoth-dor (1 Chronicles 6:76), or verse 61 in some Bibles.<ref name="cb hammon" />
===Hammoth-dor=== '''Hammoth-dor''' was a Levitical city of Naphtali.<ref>{{bibleverse|Joshua|21:32}}</ref> See Hammoth-dor.
===Hamonah=== '''Hamonah''' is a city mentioned in Ezekiel's apocalyptic prophecy, located, according to the text as it now stands, in the "Valley of Hamon-Gog."<ref>{{bibleverse|Ezekiel|39:16}}</ref> Thomas Kelly Cheyne expressed doubt as to whether the text originally read "Hamonah," suggesting that scribal error may have obscured a more original reading.<ref name="cb hamonah">T. K. Cheyne, "Hamonah", in {{harvnb|Cheyne|Black|1901}}</ref>
===Hapharaim=== '''Hapharaim''' or '''Haphraim''' is a town listed as being part of the territory of the Tribe of Issachar in the Book of Joshua.<ref>{{bibleverse|Joshua|19:19}}</ref><ref name="cb hapharaim">"Hapharaim", in {{harvnb|Cheyne|Black|1901}}</ref>
===Hareth=== '''Hareth''' or '''Hereth''' is a forested area in Judah to which David and his family return after leaving refuge in Moab, at the direction of the prophet Gad.<ref>{{bibleverse|1|Samuel|22:5|NKJV}}</ref> It is thought to have been somewhere on the border of the Philistine plain, in the southern part of Judah.<ref>[http://www.biblicalcyclopedia.com/F/forest.html McClintock and Strong Biblical Cyclopedia: ''Forest'']</ref>
===Hazar-addar=== '''Hazar-addar''' is a name which appears only in Numbers 34:4, where it refers to a location on the southern edge of the territory belonging to the Tribe of Judah. According to Thomas Kelly Cheyne, the original text of Joshua 15:3 probably contained a reference to the place city.<ref name="cb hazar-addar">T. K. Cheyne, "Hazar-addar", in {{harvnb|Cheyne|Black|1901}}</ref>
===Hazar-enan=== '''Hazar-enan''' (sometimes spelled '''Hazar Enan''' or '''Hazarenan''') is mentioned in Ezekiel 47:17 as a location along the northeastern edge of the land of Canaan according to Ezekiel's "ideal" borders.<ref name="cb hazar-enan">W. R. Smith and T. K. Cheyne, "Hazar-enan", in {{harvnb|Cheyne|Black|1901}}</ref> The Aramaic Targum Jonathan ben Uzziel on Numbers 34:9–10 renders its translation as ''ṭirath ʿenawatha'' ("walled suburb of the springs"). According to the ''Encyclopaedia Biblica,'' Ezekiel 47:16 probably originally contained the name "Hazar-enan" where it now contains "Hazar-hatticon".<ref name="cb hazar-enan" />
===Hazar-gaddah=== '''Hazar-gaddah''' is a location listed in Joshua 15:27 as one of the cities along the southern border of Judah with Edom.<ref name="cb hazar-gaddah">T. K. Cheyne, "Hazar-gaddah", in {{harvnb|Cheyne|Black|1901}}</ref>
===Hazar-shual=== '''Hazar-shual''' was a city in the territory of the Tribe of Simeon, along its border with Judah.<ref>Joshua 15:28, Joshua 19:3, 1 Chronicles 4:28, Nehemiah 11:27.</ref><ref name="cb hazar-shual">T. K. Cheyne, "Hazar-shual", in {{harvnb|Cheyne|Black|1901}}</ref>
===Hazar-susah=== '''Hazar-susah,''' also called '''Hazar-susim,''' is among the cities listed in the Book of Joshua as being part of the inheritance of the Tribe of Simeon.<ref name="cb hazar-susah">T. K. Cheyne, "Hazar-susah", in {{harvnb|Cheyne|Black|1901}}</ref> It is mentioned only in Joshua 19:5 and 1 Chronicles 4:13.<ref name="cb hazar-susah" />
===Hazer-hatticon=== '''Hazer-hatticon''' is a location that appears on the northern border of the land of Canaan according to Ezekiel's idealized conception its borders.<ref>Ezekiel 47:16</ref><ref name="cb hazar-hatticon">"Hazar-hatticon", in {{harvnb|Cheyne|Black|1901}}</ref> According to the ''Encyclopaedia Biblica'', the name is likely a miswritten form of Hazar-enan.<ref name="cb hazar-hatticon" />
===Hazor-hadattah=== '''Hazor-hadattah,''' Aramaic for "New Hazor," was a place mentioned in Joshua 15:25, on the border between Judah and the Edom.<ref name="cb hazor-hadattah">T. K. Cheyne, "Hazor-hadattah", in {{harvnb|Cheyne|Black|1901}}</ref>
===Heleph=== '''Heleph''', as the Masoretic Text now stands, appears to be the name of a place located in the territory of the Tribe of Naphtali.<ref name="cb heleph">T. K. Cheyne, "Heleph", in {{harvnb|Cheyne|Black|1901}}</ref> It appears only in Joshua 19:33.<ref name="cb heleph" /> According to Thomas Kelly Cheyne, the verse appears to have undergone copying errors, and the word "Heleph" was probably not an original part of the verse.<ref name="cb heleph" />
===Helkath=== '''Helkath''' ({{langx|he|חֶלְקַת}}) is a location on the boundary of the tribe of Asher.<ref>{{bibleverse||Joshua|19:25|NKJV}}</ref>
===Helkath-hazzurim=== '''Helkath-hazzurim,''' a term which appears in 2 Samuel 2:16, is the name of a site where the troops of David fought the troops of Ish-bosheth. The location is described as "Helkath-hazzurim, which is in Gibeon," although Stanley A. Cook suggested that the words "which is in Gibeon" were a later explanatory note added to the text, and that the story may originally have been set in another location.<ref name="cb helkath-hazzurim">S. A. Cook, "Helkath-hazzurim", in {{harvnb|Cheyne|Black|1901}}</ref>
===Hena=== '''Hena''' is the name of a place or nation mentioned only in a single speech in the Hebrew Bible, by the Rabshakeh, an official of Sennacharib, who mentioned it in threatening the Judahites in the time of king Hezekiah. The Rabshakeh warned the Israelites that his employer, the Assyrian Empire, would defeat the kingdom of Judah, and that the Israelites should not trust their deity to save them. He supported his argument by pointing to other places conquered by the Assyrians, and pointed out that the gods of those locations had not managed to prevent conquest. "Where is the king of Hamath, and the king of Arpad, and the king of the city of Sepharvaim, of Hena, and Ivvah?"<ref>2 Kings 19:13, ''Revised Version.'' The Rabshakeh's remarks are repeated in Isaiah 37:13.</ref> The locations of Hena and Ivvah are unknown to the present day.<ref name="ClendenenHoward2015">{{cite book|author1=E. Ray Clendenen|author2=Jeremy Royal Howard|title=The Holman Illustrated Bible Commentary|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DqzrCQAAQBAJ&pg=PA403|date=1 August 2015|publisher=B&H Publishing Group|isbn=978-0-8054-9930-8|page=403}}</ref> Thomas Kelly Cheyne suggested that the name "Hena" has found its way into the verse "through a scribe's error."<ref name="cb hena">T. K. Cheyne, "Hena", in {{harvnb|Cheyne|Black|1901}}</ref>
===Hepher=== '''Hepher''' is a place name found in the Hebrew Bible. In the conquest narratives of the Book of Joshua, there is a list of 31 kings defeated by the invading Israelites.<ref>Joshua 12</ref> These kings are unnamed, but referred to simply in terms of what town they ruled, and a "king of Hepher" is listed among them in Joshua 12:17. Later, in the narratives about Solomon, Solomon divides his land into twelve districts, each ruled by a governor in charge of collecting tribute. The district assigned to the Ben-Hesed included "all the land of Hepher."<ref>1 Kings 4:10</ref> In addition to these explicit references to a place known as Hepher, there are veiled references to Hepher in etiological genealogical passages, in which historical regions and ethnic groupings are described as if descended from a family tree populated by individual forefathers.<ref name="AharoniHepher">{{cite book|author=Yohanan Aharoni|title=The Land of the Bible: A Historical Geography|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AMtoyNxWw0UC&pg=PA310|date=1 January 1979|publisher=Westminster John Knox Press|isbn=978-0-664-24266-4|page=310}}</ref> In these narratives, a "person" named Hepher is described as being a descendant of Manasseh, indicating that Hepher was, at some point, ruled by people identified with the Tribe of Manasseh.<ref>See Numbers 26:32-33; 27:1; Joshua 17:2-3</ref><ref name="AharoniHepher" /> The people of Hepher are identified as "Hepherites" in Numbers 26:32.
The biblical mentions of Hepher are not enough to locate the town with any precision: it is not even certain whether Hepher is to be found in the Transjordan or in Cisjordan.<ref name="AharoniHepher" />
===Heshmon=== '''Heshmon''' is the name of a town mentioned in Joshua 15:27, in a list of towns on the border between Judah and Edom. The name Heshmon may be the basis for the term Hasmonean (Hebrew ''hashmoni''), as the Hasmoneans may have had their origin in Heshmon.<ref name="cb heshmon">"Heshmon", in {{harvnb|Cheyne|Black|1901}}</ref>
===Holon=== {{about|the biblical towns named Holon|the modern town|Holon|section=yes}}
'''Holon''' ('''Hilen,''' '''Hilez''') is the name of two biblical towns. *A city in the hill-country of Judah according to Joshua 15:21 and Joshua 21:15,<ref>{{bibleverse|Joshua|15:21|NKJV}}; {{bibleverse|Joshua|21:15|NKJV}}</ref> but its site is unknown.<ref>''Holman Bible Dictionary'' (1991), "Holon."</ref> It is also referred to as Hilen or Hilez in 1 Chronicles 6:58 (verse 43 in some Bibles).<ref name="cb holon">"Holon", in {{harvnb|Cheyne|Black|1901}}</ref> *A town in Moab, mentioned in Jeremiah 48:21 at the head of a list of towns to be "judged" by God for Moab's misdeeds.
===Horem=== '''Horem''' was one of the fortified cities of Naphtali according to Joshua 19:38.<ref>{{bibleverse|Joshua|19:38|NKJV}}</ref> The exact location is unknown.<ref>{{harvnb|Douglas|Tenney|2011|page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=8Tq7UcPMwacC&pg=PA621 621]}}</ref>
===Hosah=== {{hiero|ḫꜣṯꜣjj<ref>{{harvnb|Budge|1920|page=[https://archive.org/details/egyptianhierogly02budguoft/page/1025 1025]}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Gauthier|1927|page=[https://archive.org/details/Gauthier1927/page/n85 164]}}</ref>|<hiero>M12-G47-G1-M17*M17</hiero>|era=nk|align=right}}
'''Hosah''' ({{langx|he|חֹסָה}}), according to {{bibleverse|Joshua| 19:29}}, was a city on the border between the Tribe of Asher and Tyre.<ref name="cb hosah">T. K. Cheyne, "Hosah", in {{harvnb|Cheyne|Black|1901}}</ref> Where the Masoretic Text reads "Hosah," an important Greek Septuagint manuscript reads "Iaseif," leading to uncertainty about what the original reading was.<ref name="cb hosah" /> The location is unknown, but researchers are inclined towards Tell Rashidiyeh or Khirbet el-Hos,{{sfn|Pitkänen|2010|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=Q7tvG_w6uQEC&pg=PA327 327]}} today both in Lebanon, one S of Tyre,<ref>{{cite web |title=Tell Rachidiyeh: modern identifications of places in the Bible |url=https://www.openbible.info/geo/modern/me84cc9/tell-rachidiyeh |website=www.openbible.info |access-date=7 February 2024}}</ref> the other South-East of it.<ref>{{cite web |title=Khirbet el Hos: modern identifications of places in the Bible |url=https://www.openbible.info/geo/modern/mc23d2c/khirbet-el-hos |website=www.openbible.info}}</ref>
===Hukkok=== '''Hukkok''' or '''Huquq''' was a town near Zebulun, on the border of Naphtali.<ref>{{Bibleverse|Joshua|19.34}}</ref> Many commentators have identified it with Yaquq.<ref>{{cite book|last=Woudstra|first=Martin H.|title=The Book of Joshua|year=1981|publisher=Wm. B. Eerdmans |isbn=978-0-8028-2525-4 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BfG1svPVYyQC&pg=PA291 |page=291}}</ref>
===Humtah=== '''Humtah''' was a city of Judah according to Joshua 15:54,<ref>{{bibleverse|Joshua|15:54|NKJV}}</ref> whose location has not been identified. Its name in Hebrew means 'snail'.
===Hushah=== '''Hushah''' was a place in the hill country of Judah founded by a son of Ezer (1 Chronicles 4:4). It is generally identified with Husan, south-west of Bethlehem.<ref>{{harvnb|Freedman|2000|page=620}}</ref> One of David's Mighty Warriors is identified in the Bible as "Sibbecai the '''Hushathite'''."<ref>{{bibleverse|1 Chronicles|11:29|NKJV}}, {{bibleverse|1 Chronicles|27:11|NKJV}}</ref>
==I== ===Idalah=== '''Idalah''' is the name of a town in the territory of the Tribe of Zebulun according to Joshua 19:15, the only place in the Hebrew Bible where it is mentioned.<ref name="cb idalah">T. K. Cheyne, "Idalah", in {{harvnb|Cheyne|Black|1901}}</ref>
===Ijon=== {{hiero|ˁȝˁjnȝ<ref name = Budge967>{{harvnb|Budge|1920|page=[https://archive.org/details/egyptianhierogly02budguoft/page/967 967]}}</ref><ref name = Gauthier131>{{cite book |last1=Gauthier |first1=Henri |title=Dictionnaire des Noms Géographiques Contenus dans les Textes Hiéroglyphiques Vol. 1 |date=1925 |page=131 |url=https://archive.org/details/Gauthier1925_1/page/n71}}</ref>|<hiero>O29:D36-M17*M17-N35:G1</hiero>|era=nk|align=right}} '''Ijon''' ({{langx|he|עיּוֹן}}; <small>in LXX</small> {{langx|grc|Άίν}}) is the name of a place mentioned three times in the Hebrew Bible. In 1 Kings 15:20 and the parallel passage in 2 Chronicles 16:4, along with Dan and Abel-beth-maacah (Kings account, Chronicles reads "Abel-maim"), it is conquered by Ben-Hadad I of Aram during the time of Baasha of Israel (c.900 to c.877 BCE). In 2 Kings 15:29, Ijon along with Abel-beth-maacah and several other places are taken captive by Tiglath-Pileser III (reigned 745-727 BCE) during the reign of Pekah. It was slightly north of the modern-day site of Metula.<ref>{{harvnb|Freedman|2000|page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=P9sYIRXZZ2MC&pg=PA628 628]}}</ref> Budge and Paton equate Ijon with the hieroglyphic place name ''''Aiina'''.<ref name = Gauthier131/>
Ijon is commonly identified with Tel Dibbine, a tell near Marjayoun, Lebanon.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Marom|first1=Nimrod|last2=Bechar|first2=Shlomit|last3=Panitz-Cohen|first3=Nava|last4=Mullins|first4=Robert A.|last5=Yahalom-Mack|first5=Naama|date=August 2020|title=Faunal remains from Tel Abel Beth Maacah: Social change in the late second millennium BCE Hula Valley|journal=Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports|volume=32|article-number=102394|doi=10.1016/j.jasrep.2020.102394|bibcode=2020JArSR..32j2394M |s2cid=219480588 |issn=2352-409X}}</ref>
=== Iphtah === '''Iphtah''' (the King James Version spells it '''Jiphtah''') was, according to Joshua 15:43, a place in the Shephelah of the Tribe of Judah. The location is unknown today.<ref name="Woudstra1981p249">{{harvnb|Woudstra|1981|page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=BfG1svPVYyQC&pg=PA249 249]}}</ref>
=== Iphtah-el === '''Iphtah-el''' (the King James Version spells it '''Jiphtah-el''') is the name of a place mentioned only in Joshua 19:14 and 19:27.<ref name="cb jiphtah-el">T. K. Cheyne, "Jiphtah-el", in {{harvnb|Cheyne|Black|1901}}</ref> Joshua describes it as being along the northern border of the Tribe of Zebulun, in the area adjoining the territory of the Tribe of Asher. The biblical Iphtah-el is probably the place known today as Khirbet Japhet.<ref name="Tucker">{{cite book|last=Cooke |first=G. A. |title=The Book of Joshua|year=1990 |orig-date=1918 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gQg9AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA176 |publisher=Cambridge University Press Archive |page=176 |id=GGKEY:LGLXENDA9WK}}</ref>
=== Irpeel === '''Irpeel''' is the name of a town mentioned only in Joshua 18:27, in the territory of the Tribe of Benjamin.<ref name="cb irpeel">T. K. Cheyne, "Irpeel", in {{harvnb|Cheyne|Black|1901}}</ref>
=== Ithlah === '''Ithlah''' (King James Version '''Jethlah''') is a location which, according to Joshua 19:42, was part of the territory of the Tribe of Dan. The location has not been identified by modern scholarship.<ref name="pekkasalbit"/>
=== Ittah-kazin === ''See Eth-kazin.''
==J== === Jabneel === '''Jabneel''' (once '''Jabneh''') is the name given in the Hebrew Bible for two locations. *The first is a Philistine city, considered by Joshua 15:11 to have belonged to the territory of the Tribe of Judah.<ref>{{bibleverse|Joshua|15:11|NKJV}}</ref><ref name="cb jabneel">T. K. Cheyne, "Jabneel", in {{harvnb|Cheyne|Black|1901}}</ref> In 2 Chronicles 26:6, where the name is shortened to "Jabneh," it is recorded that Uzziah, as part of his attacks on Philistine cities, broke down its wall.<ref name="cb jabneel" /> *The second is assigned by Joshua 19:33 to the territory of the Tribe of Naphtali.
===Jahaz=== '''Jahaz''' (or '''Jahaza''', '''Jahazah''', '''Jahzah'''. '''Iahaz''') was the site of the battle between King Sihon and the advancing Israelite people, according to Numbers 21:23<ref>{{bibleverse|Numbers|21:23|NKJV}}</ref> and later became a levitical city in the territory of Reuben, east of the River Jordan.<ref>Joshua 13:18</ref>
Jahaz is mentioned in both the Hebrew Testament (Yahats, Isaiah 16:4, Jeremiah 48:34; Yahatsah or Yahtsah, Numbers 21:23, Deuteronomy 2:32, Joshua 13:18, Joshua 21:36) and the King James Version ("Jahazah": Judges 11:20, Jeremiah 48:21, 1 Chronicles 6:78 "Jahzah") and in the Mesha Stele.
André Lemaire places it somewhere along the northeast border of Moab.<ref>{{cite book|author=Lemaire, André|editor=Lester L. Grabbe|year=2007|chapter=The Mesha Stele and the Omri Dynasty|title=Ahab Agonistes: The Rise and Fall of the Omri Dynasty|page=141|url={{Google books|plainurl=yes|page=141|id=kcVmBAEo5rcC}}}}</ref> Several scholars, including Yohanan Aharoni, J. Andrew Dearman, Israel Finkelstein and Oded Lipschits have identified it with Khirbet Mudayna (Wadi ath-Thamad), a fortified ruin on the Dhiban Plateau.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Ben David |first=Chaim |year=2017 |title=The Mudayna sites of the Arnon tributaries: "Midian alongside Moab"? |url=https://repositorio.uca.edu.ar/bitstream/123456789/7249/4/mudayna-sites-arnon-tributaires.pdf |journal=Antiguo Oriente |volume=15 |pages=152}}</ref>
=== Janim === '''Janim''' or '''Janum''' is a location mentioned only in Joshua 15:53, which places it in the hill-country of Judah, somewhere near Beth-tappuah.<ref name="cb janum">"Janum", in {{harvnb|Cheyne|Black|1901}}</ref>
=== Jearim === Mount '''Jearim''' is mentioned in Joshua 15:10, a verse which described the northern border of the Tribe of Judah.<ref name="cb jearim">"Jearim, Mount", in {{harvnb|Cheyne|Black|1901}}</ref> According to the ''Encyclopaedia Biblica'' the term described in this case not a mountain in the modern sense of the word, but a ridge, and "Jearim" is probably an incorrect reading where "Jarib" or "Ephron" was originally intended.<ref name="cb jearim" />
=== Jegar-sahadutha === ''See Galeed.''
=== Jeruel === The "wilderness of '''Jeruel'''" is the place where, according to 2 Chronicles 20:16, Jahaziel told Jehoshaphat to expect an invading army of Moabites, Ammonites, and Edomites.<ref>{{bibleverse|2 Chronicles|20:16|NKJV}}</ref>
=== Jethlah === ''See Ithlah.''
=== Jiphtah === ''See Iphtah.''
=== Jiphtah-el === ''See Iphtah-el.''
=== Jogbehah === '''Jogbehah''' is a city east of the Jordan River, mentioned in Numbers 32:35, as one of the locations in the Transjordan granted to the Tribe of Gad by Moses. It reappears in the story of Gideon.<ref>Judges 8:11</ref> It was probably an Ammonite fortress, now named Rugm al-Gubekha.<ref name="ColesonStone2012">{{cite book|author1=Joseph Coleson|author2=Lawson G. Stone|author3=Jason Driesbach|title=Joshua, Judges, Ruth|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HP3RCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA293|year=2012|publisher=Tyndale House Publishers|isbn=978-0-8423-3429-7|page=293}}</ref>
=== Jokdeam === '''Jokdeam''' is the name of a location mentioned only once in the Bible, in Joshua 15:56.<ref name="cb jokdeam">T. K. Cheyne, "Jokdeam", in {{harvnb|Cheyne|Black|1901}}</ref> The passage identifies it as being in the hill-country of Judah, but beyond that its location is unknown today.<ref>{{harvnb|Pitkänen|2010|page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=Q7tvG_w6uQEC&pg=PA295 295]}}</ref>
==K== ===Kamon=== See Camon
===Kasiphia=== See Casiphia
=== Kirjathjearim === See Kiriath-Jearim
=== Kithlish === '''Kithlish''' is a man's wall and town in the plain of Judah ({{bibleverse||Joshua|15:40}}). It has been identified with Jelameh.
==L== ===Laharoi=== ''See Beer-lahai-roi.''
===Lebaoth=== ''See Beth Lebaoth.''
===Lecah=== '''Lecah''' or '''Lekah''' is a place mentioned in 1 Chronicles 4:21, which claims that Er, the son of Judah (son of Jacob) settled there.
===Luhith=== The "ascent of '''Luhith'''" is a location in Moab mentioned in Isaiah 15:5 and Jeremiah 48:5.
==M== ===Mahaneh Dan=== '''Mahaneh Dan''' or '''Mahaneh-dan''' is a location associated with the tribe of Dan. According to Judges 18:12, it was located to the west of Kirjath-jearim.<ref>{{bibleverse|Judges|18:12|NKJV}}</ref><ref name="cb mahaneh-dan">S. A. Cook, "Mahaneh-dan", in {{harvnb|Cheyne|Black|1902}}</ref> On the other hand, Judges 13:25 names it as the place where Samson lived and where "the spirit of the LORD began to stir in him", but gives it a different location, "between Zorah and Eshtaol".<ref>{{bibleverse|Judges|13:25|NKJV}}</ref><ref name="cb mahaneh-dan" />
===Makaz=== '''Makaz''' is a location mentioned in 1 Kings 4:9, in a passage which describes king Solomon administering the kingdom of Israel by division into twelve districts. Makaz appears in a list of cities the rest of which belonged to the territory traditionally assigned to the Tribe of Dan,<ref>{{bibleverse|1 Kings|4:9|NKJV}}</ref> so it appears likely that Makaz was originally intended as a reference to some location in Dan.<ref name="cb makaz">T. K. Cheyne, "Makaz", in {{harvnb|Cheyne|Black|1902}}</ref>
===Makkedah=== {{hiero|m(j)ḳꜣtꜣ or mḳwtꜣ<ref name = Gauthier19>{{cite book |last1=Gauthier |first1=Henri |title=Dictionnaire des Noms Géographiques Contenus dans les Textes Hiéroglyphiques Vol. 3 |date=1926 |page=19 |url=https://archive.org/details/Gauthier1926/page/n11}}</ref><ref name = Budge998>{{harvnb|Budge|1920|page=[https://archive.org/details/egyptianhierogly02budguoft/page/998 998]}}</ref>|<hiero>G17-D38-N29-G1-N16</hiero> '''or''' <hiero>D38:N29-G43-N16:Z1*N21</hiero>|era=nk|align=right}} '''Makkedah''' ({{langx|he|מַקֵּדָה}}; <small>in LXX</small> {{langx|grc|Μακηδά or Μακέδ as in 1 Maccabees}}; <small>in Vulgate</small> {{langx|la|Mageth}}) was a city in the land of Canaan. Joshua 12:16 gives a list of thirty-one cities whose kings, according to the Book of Joshua, were defeated in the conquest of Canaan following the Exodus, and Makkedah is included.<ref>{{bibleverse|Joshua|12:16|ESV}}</ref> Joshua 15:41 locates it in the part of the Shephelah assigned to the Tribe of Judah.<ref>{{bibleverse|Joshua|15:41|ESV}}</ref> Joshua 10 relates a story of five "Amorite" kings hiding in the "cave of Makkedah" after a battle; afterward, they were removed from the cave and killed in a humiliating fashion. After this, Makkedah was captured.<ref>10:21</ref><ref name="cb makkedah">T. K. Cheyne, "Makkedah", in {{harvnb|Cheyne|Black|1902}}</ref> Maspero, Müller and Budge identify '''Makouta''' mentioned in the Annals of Thutmose III at the Temple of Karnak with biblical Makkeda.<ref name =Gauthier19/><ref name = Budge998/> Historical geographers have struggled with its modern identification, with PEF surveyors Conder & Kitchener thinking the ancient site to be where was once built the Arab village of el-Mughar, north of Nahal Sorek.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Conder|first1=C.R.|author-link1=Claude Reignier Conder|last2=Kitchener|first2=H. H.|author-link2=Herbert Kitchener, 1st Earl Kitchener|year=1882|url=https://archive.org/details/surveyofwesternp02conduoft/page/n7/mode/2up|title=The Survey of Western Palestine: Memoirs of the Topography, Orography, Hydrography, and Archaeology|location=London|publisher=Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund|volume=2}}, pp. [https://archive.org/details/surveyofwesternp02conduoft/page/411/mode/1up 411]–412</ref>
===Manocho=== '''Manocho''' appears in the Septuagint version of the Book of Joshua.<ref name="Bibleref2|Joshua 15:59-60"/><ref name="Rainey1982"/>
===Maon=== {{main|Horvat Maon (Hebron Hills)}}
''This entry is about the location known as Maon or the "Wilderness of Maon". For the ethnic group known by that name, see List of minor biblical tribes § Maon''.
'''Maon''', according to {{bibleverse||Joshua|15:55|NKJV}}, was a place in the highlands of the Tribe of Judah identified in modern times with Khirbet Maʿin (or in Hebrew, Horvat Maʿon).<ref name= Magness>Jodi Magness, [https://books.google.com/books?id=GYrPd2H1cjcC&pg=PA96 ''The Archaeology of the Early Islamic Settlement in Palestine''], Eisenbrauns, 2003 Vol.1 pp.96–97</ref> According to {{bibleverse|1|Samuel|23:24|NKJV}}, the Wilderness of Maon, in the plain on the south of Jeshimon, was one of the places where David hid from King Saul.<ref name="cb maon">T. K. Cheyne, "Maon", in {{harvnb|Cheyne|Black|1902}}</ref> Nabal, the rich but callous property owner who refused to support David's men in {{bibleverse|1|Samuel|23:1-11|NKJV}} was from Maon. In the Septuagint version of 1 Samuel, David retreated to the Wilderness of Maon after the death of Samuel,<ref>[http://biblehub.com/sep/1_samuel/25.htm 1 Samuel 25:1] in Brenton's Septuagint Translation</ref> but in the Massoretic Text he went to the Wilderness of Paran.
Through the use of genealogy, Maon was personified as a descendant of Hebron.<ref>{{bibleverse|1|Chronicles|2:4/|NKJV}}</ref>
There was an Arab village and there is now an Israeli settlement at Ma'on in the Hebron Hills of the West Bank.
===Maralah=== '''Maralah''' is a place mentioned only in Joshua 19:11, where it describes a locality in the territory of the Tribe of Zebulun, along its southwestern border.<ref name="cb maralah">T. K. Cheyne, "Maralah", in {{harvnb|Cheyne|Black|1902}}</ref>
=== Masrekah === '''Masrekah''', according to Genesis 36:36 and 1 Chronicles 1:47, is where the Edomite king Samlah lived.
=== Meah === '''Meah''' is the name of a tower named in Nehemiah 3:1 and 12:39.
===Mejarcon=== '''Mejarcon''' (also spelled '''Mejarkon''' or '''Me-jarkon''') was a location on the border of the tribe of Dan.<ref>{{bibleverse||Joshua|19:46|DRA}}</ref>
=== Meonenim === '''Meonenim''' appears in Judges 9:37, in the Hebrew phrase ''elon meonenim'' which is variously translated as "plain of Meonenim," "Elon-meonenim," "oak of Meonenim," or "the Diviners' Oak."<ref name="cb meonenim">T. K. Cheyne, "Meonenim", in {{harvnb|Cheyne|Black|1902}}</ref><ref>For "plain of Meonenim," see KJV. For Elon-meonenim, see the Jewish Publication Society translation of 1917. For "oak of Meonenim" see the Revised Version. For "Diviners' Oak," see English Standard Version.</ref>
===Mephaath=== Mephaath was a levitical city of the Merarites lying in the district of the Mishor in the territory of the tribe of Reuben according to Joshua 21:37,<ref>{{bibleverse||Joshua|21:37|NKJV}}</ref> and was mentioned in condemnation by the prophet Jeremiah in Jeremiah 48:21.<ref>{{bibleverse||Jeremiah|48:21|NKJV}}</ref>
===Michmethath=== '''Michmethath''' ('''Michmethah''', '''Mikmethath,''' '''Micmethath''') is the name of a place mentioned in Joshua 16:6 and 17:7. 16:6 records that it is along the north end of the territory of the Tribe of Ephraim. 17:7 indicates that it was along the south end of the territory of the Tribe of Manasseh. From the biblical description it would appear to have been southeast of Shechem.<ref>Liverani, Mario. "Amarna Mikmate — Biblical Michmethath." ''Zeitschrift Des Deutschen Palästina-Vereins'', vol. 114, no. 2, 1998, pp. 137–138., www.jstor.org/stable/27931587.</ref> Blessed Anne Catherine Emmerich places an [[Aesora|As[h]er]]-Michmethah (Joshua 16:6) at modern Tayasir.<ref name="EmmerichOnAserMichmethath"/>
===Middin=== The town of '''Middin''' is mentioned in passing in Joshua 15:61, in a list of six towns in the wilderness of the territory of the tribe of Judah.<ref>{{bibleverse|Joshua|15:61|NKJV}}</ref> Its exact location is unknown.<ref name="Aharoni1979">{{cite book|author=Yohanan Aharoni|title=The Land of the Bible: A Historical Geography|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AMtoyNxWw0UC&pg=PA356|date=1 January 1979|publisher=Westminster John Knox Press|isbn=978-0-664-24266-4|page=356}}</ref>
===Migron=== There is a place called '''Migron''' on the outskirts of Gibeah mentioned in 1 Samuel 14:2, where King Saul was based,<ref>{{bibleverse|1|Samuel|14:2|NKJV}}</ref> different from the Migron mentioned in Isaiah 10:28, which is north of Michmash.<ref>{{bibleverse||Isaiah|10:28|NKJV}}</ref><ref>[http://biblehub.com/commentaries/cambridge/1_samuel/14.htm Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges on 1 Samuel 14], accessed 6 May 2017</ref>
===Minni=== Minni is mentioned in Jeremiah 51:27 as the name of a province in Armenia,<ref>{{bibleverse||Jeremiah|51:27|NKJV}}</ref> which was at this time under the Median kings. Armenia is regarded by some as Har-minni i.e., the mountainous country of Minni.<ref>[https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Easton%27s_Bible_Dictionary_(1897)/Minni Easton's Bible Dictionary: Minni], accessed 7 November 2016</ref>
===Minnith=== Minnith is mentioned in Judges 11:33 as marking the extent of Jephthah's victory over the Ammonites<ref>{{bibleverse||Judges|11:33|NKJV}}</ref> and in Ezekiel 27:17 as a wheat-farming city.<ref>{{bibleverse||Ezekiel|27:17|NKJV}}</ref> Minnith, Missouri takes its name from the reference in Ezekiel.
===Misrephoth-maim=== '''Misrephoth-maim''' is the name of a place associated with Sidon where, according to the Book of Joshua, Joshua pursued the retreating Canaanites after a battle at Merom.<ref>Joshua 11:8</ref><ref name="cb misrephoth-maim">T. K. Cheyne, "Misrephoth-maim", in {{harvnb|Cheyne|Black|1902}}</ref> According to Joshua 13:6 it is found near the boundary between the northern territory of the Tribes of Israel and the Sidonians.<ref name="cb misrephoth-maim" />
===Mount Jearim=== ''See Jearim.''
==N==
=== Neah === '''Neah''' is a location mentioned only in {{bibleref |Joshua| 19:13}}.<ref>{{bibleverse|Joshua|19:13|NKJV}}</ref><ref name="cb neah">"Neah", in {{harvnb|Cheyne|Black|1902}}</ref> The Book of Joshua places it in the territory of the Tribe of Zebulun, near the valley of Iphtah-el.<ref>Joshua 19:10-16</ref>
===Neballat=== '''Neballat''' is the name of a town listed among the towns where people of the Tribe of Benjamin lived according to Nehemiah 11:34.<ref>{{bibleverse|Nehemiah|11:34|NKJV}}</ref><ref name="cb neballat">"Neballat", in {{harvnb|Cheyne|Black|1902}}</ref> Today it is known as Beit Nebala.<ref name="hbd nebala">{{cite book|author1=Chad Brand|author2=Archie England|author3=Charles W. Draper|title=Holman Illustrated Bible Dictionary|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OxG5AwAAQBAJ&pg=PT1618|date=1 October 2003|publisher=B&H Publishing Group|isbn=978-1-4336-6978-1|page=1618}}</ref>
===Nezib or Netziv=== '''Nezib''' or '''Netziv''' (נְצִיב, 'Garrison' or 'Pillar') is a city mentioned in {{bibleref |Joshua |15:42–44}} and still listed by Eusebius on the road from Hebron as "Nasib, 7 milestones from Eleutheropolis", widely identified by archaeologists with Khirbet Beit Nâsib.<ref>{{cite web |title= Why is Joshua 15:43 important? |website= biblehub.com |url= https://biblehub.com/q/Why_is_Joshua_15_43_important.htm |access-date= 7 February 2026}}</ref> or Khirbet Beit Nattif / Ras en-Nesib (grid 148.8/111.9).<ref>{{cite web |title= Evidence for towns in Joshua 15:43 |website= biblehub.com |url= https://biblehub.com/q/Evidence_for_towns_in_Joshua_15_43.htm |access-date= 7 February 2026}}</ref> See also Wadi el-Quff.
=== Nibshan === '''Nibshan''' is the name of a town in the wilderness of Judah, mentioned only in Judges 15:62.
===No=== '''No''' or '''No-amon''' is the name of a city in Egypt mentioned in negative terms by the prophets Jeremiah (46:25), Ezekiel (30:14-16), and Nahum (3:8). It is most commonly identified in modern scholarship with Thebes, but in the Septuagint, Vulgate, and a variety of rabbinical commentators it is interpreted as Alexandria.<ref name="Lanner2006">{{cite book|author=Laurel Lanner|title=Who Will Lament Her?: The Feminine and the Fantastic in the Book of Nahum|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=V7moAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA154|date=24 May 2006|publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing|isbn=978-0-567-54397-4|page=154}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last=Huddlestun |first=John R. |title=Nahum, Nineveh, and the Nile: The Description of Thebes in Nahum 3:8–9 |journal=Journal of Near Eastern Studies |volume=62 |issue=2 |date=2003 |pages=97–110 |doi=10.1086/376364 |jstor=10.1086/376364|s2cid=14130054 }}</ref>
==P== ===Parbar=== '''Parbar''', according to the King James Version, is a place-name mentioned in 1 Chronicles 26:18, in a description of the divisions of gatekeepers for the Temple in Jerusalem. However, in more recent scholarship, the word ''parbar'' or ''parwar'' is generally taken not as a proper noun, but as a common noun, with various proposals as to its meaning. Canadian academic Donna Runnalls suggests that "it seems to refer to a structure which was located at the top of the road on the west side of the temple".<ref>{{cite journal |last=Runnalls |first=Donna |title=The Parwār: A Place of Ritual Separation? |journal=Vetus Testamentum |volume=41 |issue=3 |date=1991 |pages=324–331 |doi=10.2307/1519072 |jstor=1519072}}</ref> The New Revised Standard Version translates the word as " the colonnade on the west".<ref>{{bibleverse|1|Chronicles|26:18|NRSV}}</ref>
===Perez Uzzah=== '''Perez Uzzah''' (Hebrew, "outburst against Uzzah")<ref name="Krasovec2010">{{cite book|author=Joze Krasovec|title=The Transformation of Biblical Proper Names|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OSMqVuZCbxoC&pg=PA40|date=8 March 2010|publisher=A&C Black|isbn=978-0-567-45224-5|page=40}}</ref> is a place name which appears only in the biblical narrative about Uzzah, a man who was killed by God for touching the Ark of the Covenant (2 Samuel 6:8; 1 Chronicles 13:11). David named it in commemoration of Uzzah's death. The location has not been identified.<ref name="Ackroyd1977">{{cite book|author=Peter R. Ackroyd|title=The Second Book of Samuel|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uiXSF_nnjtwC&pg=PA245|date=8 December 1977|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-09754-3|page=245}}</ref>
===Phagor=== '''Phagor''' ({{langx|el|Φαγὼρ}}) appears in the Septuagint version of the Book of Joshua,<ref>{{bibleverse|Joshua|15:59}}</ref><ref name="Rainey1982"/> in a grouping of 11 cities of Judah not listed in the Hebrew text. It is rendered as "Peor" in the Contemporary English Version (1995).<ref>{{Bibleverse||Joshua|15:59|CEV}}: CEV</ref>
===Pul=== '''Pul''', a place name in {{Bibleverse||Isaiah|66:19|NKJV}} in Hebrew, may refer to Put or Phut.<ref>Skinner, J. (1898), [https://biblehub.com/commentaries/cambridge/isaiah/66.htm Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges] on Isaiah 66, accessed 22 August 2022</ref>
==R== === Rabbith === '''Rabbith,''' according to Joshua 19:20, was a location within the territory of the Tribe of Issachar.<ref name="Youngblood2017">{{cite book|author=Ronald F. Youngblood|title=1 and 2 Samuel|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hcISDgAAQBAJ&pg=PT469|date=7 March 2017|publisher=Zondervan|isbn=978-0-310-53179-1|page=469}}</ref>
=== Racal === '''Racal''' (or '''Rachal''' or '''Rakal'''), according to 1 Samuel 30:29, was one of the locations were David sent plunder after defeating a group of Amalekites. The site is unknown and mentioned nowhere else. It may have been a copyist's error for Carmel.<ref name="Youngblood2017"/>
===Rakkath=== thumb|Tel Rakat, looking north over the Sea of Galilee
'''Rakkath''' (also '''Rakat''' or '''Rakkat''') is mentioned in Joshua 19:35 as a fenced or fortified city in the territory of the Tribe of Naphtali<ref>{{bibleverse||Joshua|19:35|NKJV}}</ref> and is considered according to Jewish tradition to be the location where the city of Tiberias was built from around 20 CE.<ref>[http://biblehub.com/commentaries/cambridge/joshua/19.htm Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges] on Joshua 19, accessed 27 March 2016</ref> It is identified by some with Tel Rakat (Khirbet el Kaneitriyeh on PEF Survey of Palestine map).
===Rakkon=== '''Rakkon''', according to the Masoretic Text of Judges 19:46, is a place-name for a locality along the borders of the Tribe of Dan. A common opinion is that the place-name Rakkon (Hebrew ''hrqwn'') originally through a mis-copying of part of the previous place-name Me Jarkon (Hebrew ''my hyrqwn''), which is mentioned immediately preceding it.<ref name="Pitkanen331">{{harvnb|Pitkänen|2010|page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=Q7tvG_w6uQEC&pg=PA331 331]}}</ref> If it is a genuine place-name, its location is uncertain, and it is unclear whether it refers to a town or a river.<ref name="Pitkanen331" /> The Septuagint omits it altogether.<ref name="Tucker186">{{harvnb|Cooke|1990|page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=gQg9AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA186 186]}}</ref>
===Ramath-Mizpeh=== '''Ramath-Mizpeh''', according to Joshua 13:26, was a location in the territory of the Tribe of Gad, a Transjordanian tribe. It is possibly the same as present-day Iraq al-Amir.<ref name="AlexanderBaker2003p345">{{cite book|author1=T. Desmond Alexander|author2=David W. Baker|title=Dictionary of the Old Testament: Pentateuch: A Compendium of Contemporary Biblical Scholarship|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ao5ecZ0ZsG8C&pg=PA345|date=13 January 2003|publisher=InterVarsity Press|isbn=978-0-8308-1781-8|page=345}}</ref>
===Rammath-Lehi=== '''Rammath-Lehi'', according to the Old Testament Book of Judges, was the name given to this place by Samson when he defeated a thousand Philistines.
===Ramat-Negev=== A place named '''Ramat-Negev''' (Hebrew ''rmt ngb'') is assigned to the Tribe of Simeon by Joshua 19:8. It is likely the same as location as the '''Ramot-Negev''' (''rmwt ngb'') in 1 Samuel 30:27, where it is named as a location to which David sent plunder from his raid against the Amalekites.<ref name="Youngblood2017"/> Ramat or Ramot Negev is also mentioned in one of the Arad ostraca, a series of letters recovered from Tel Arad, ordering that soldiers be sent to Ramat-Negev as protection against Edomite invasion.<ref name="HalpernLemaire2010">{{cite book|author1=Baruch Halpern|author2=André Lemaire|title=The Books of Kings: Sources, Composition, Historiography and Reception|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CdewCQAAQBAJ&pg=PA238|date=7 July 2010|publisher=BRILL|isbn=978-90-474-3073-5|page=238}}</ref>
It is possible that Ramot-Negev is the place now known as Hurvath Uza.<ref name="Rocca2012">{{cite book|author=Samuel Rocca|title=The Fortifications of Ancient Israel and Judah 1200���586 BC|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_GC1CwAAQBAJ&pg=PA45|date=20 October 2012|publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing|isbn=978-1-84908-256-3|page=45}}</ref> See also Baalath-Beer.
===Rekem=== ''This is about the city. For individuals of the same name, see List of minor biblical figures § Rekem.''
'''Rekem''' is the name of a city or fortified town in the territory of the Tribe of Benjamin according to Joshua 18:27. The location is unknown.<ref name="Woudstra1981p225">{{harvnb|Woudstra|1981|page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=9WNyCgAAQBAJ&pg=PT225 225]}}</ref>
===Rock of Escape=== ''See Sela Hammahlekoth.''
===Rogelim=== '''Rogelim''' is a place mentioned twice in 2 Samuel, both times in relation to Barzillai the Gileadite. It is identified as his city (17:27) and the place from which he came to meet King David after the revolt of Absalom (19:31). Its location was in Gilead but has not been precisely identified.<ref name="DouglasTenney2011">{{harvnb|Douglas|Tenney|2011|page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=8Tq7UcPMwacC&pg=PA1245 1245]}}</ref> Strong's Concordance calls is "a (place of) fullers.<ref>[http://biblehub.com/hebrew/7274.htm Strong's Concordance: Rogelim]</ref>
===Rumah=== '''Rumah''' or '''Ruma''' is a place-name in the Hebrew Bible. It is mentioned in 2 Kings 23:26, which identifies king Jehoiakim's mother as "Zebudah, the daughter of Pedaiah of Rumah." A widespread, but not unanimous, identification sees this as the modern site of Ruma (Tell Rumeh) in the Lower Galilee.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Elitzur |first=Yoel |title=Rumah in Judah |journal=Israel Exploration Journal |volume=44 |issue=1/2 |date=1994 |page=127 |jstor=27926337}}</ref><ref name="ZviGal109">{{cite book|author=Zvi Gal|title=Lower Galilee During the Iron Age|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=roBISTxOsCkC&pg=PA109|year=1992|publisher=Eisenbrauns|isbn=978-0-931464-69-0|page=109}}</ref>
Joshua 15:52 lists a "Rumah" or "Dumah" (depending on the manuscript followed) as a city in the hill-country of Judah.<ref>{{harvnb|Elitzur|1994|pages=125–6}}</ref> This is often associated with the modern village of Dūme, although scholars have expressed some uncertainty about this location as well.<ref>{{harvnb|Elitzur|1994|page=123}}</ref><ref name="ZviGal109" />
==S== ===Salim=== A place-name '''Salim''' appears in John 3:23, in the phrase "Aenon of Salim." The location has not been identified, though several possibilities have been suggested.<ref name="Charlesworth2006">{{cite book|author=James H. Charlesworth|title=Jesus and Archaeology|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QoIS7VApH6cC&pg=PA555|date=28 July 2006|publisher=Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing|isbn=978-0-8028-4880-2|page=555}}</ref>
===Sansannah=== '''Sansannah''' appears in Joshua 15:31, in a list of towns in the Negev of Judah. Scholars equate it with the modern Kirbet esh-Shamsaniyat, although with some doubt.<ref>Pekka Pitkänen calls the identification "probably . . . fairly uncertain." {{harvnb|Pitkänen|2010|page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=Q7tvG_w6uQEC&pg=PA291 291]}}</ref> In Joshua 19, a portion of the territory of Judah is assigned to the Tribe of Simeon, and in this list instead of Sansannah the text reads "Hazar Susah" (verse 5).<ref>{{cite book|author=Richard D. Nelson|title=Joshua (1997): A Commentary|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=M6l1BwAAQBAJ&pg=PA220|date=1 August 1997|publisher=Presbyterian Publishing Corporation|isbn=978-1-61164-509-5|page=220}}</ref>
===Sebam=== ''See Sibmah.''
===Secu=== '''Secu''' (also '''Seku''', '''Sechu''') is a place-name found in 1 Samuel 19:22. Its site has not been identified, and it is mentioned nowhere else in the Bible.<ref name="Tsumura2007">{{cite book|author=David Toshio Tsumura|title=The First Book of Samuel|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iLKAlhLDkMwC&pg=PA498|date=15 March 2007|publisher=Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing|isbn=978-0-8028-2359-5|page=498}}</ref>
===Sela Hammahlekoth=== '''Sela Hammahlekoth''' (or '''Rock of Escape''') is the name which according to 1 Samuel 23:28 was given to a location where David narrowly escaped being killed by Saul. The location has not been definitely identified, but the biblical story places it in the Wilderness of Maon.<ref>{{harvnb|Douglas|Tenney|2011|page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=8Tq7UcPMwacC&pg=PA1307 1307]}}</ref>
===Seneh=== '''Seneh''' is the name of one of two rocky cliffs (the other being Bozez) through which Jonathan had to pass during his attack against a Philistine garrison (1 Samuel 14:4).
===Shaalbim=== '''Shaalbim''' is the name of a location which appears twice (in the form "Shaalbim") in the Hebrew Bible, in Judges 3:5 and again in 1 Kings 4:9. The passage in Judges 1 discusses the situation after the death of Joshua, in which the Tribe of Dan had difficulty expelling the Amorites from the land allotted to them, and the Amorites forced the Danites to live in the hill-country, keeping the valley for themselves (Judges 1:1-34). "But the Amorites were resolved to dwell in Harheres, in Aijalon, and in Shaalbim; yet the hand of the house of Joseph prevailed, so that they became tributary. And the border of the Amorites was from the ascent of Akrabbim, from Sela, and upward."<ref>Judges 1:35-36, Jewish Publication Society translation of 1917.</ref>
1 Kings 4 records that Solomon divided his kingdom into districts under various governors, and chose a man named Ben Deker as governor "in Makaz, and in Shaalbim, and Beth-shemesh, and Elon-beth-hanan".<ref>1 Kings 4:9, Jewish Publication Society translation of 1917</ref>
In Joshua 19:42, a '''Shaalabbin''' is listed as a location within the territory allotted to Dan, and it is thus likely to be the same as the location "Shaalbim" which Dan was unable to occupy.<ref name="pekkasalbit">{{harvnb|Pitkänen|2010|page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=Q7tvG_w6uQEC&pg=PA330 330]}}</ref> This is generally considered to have been located on the site of modern Salbit.<ref name="pekkasalbit" /><ref name="eerdmans shaalbim">Eric. F. Mason, "Shaalbim", in {{harvnb|Freedman|2000|page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=qRtUqxkB7wkC&pg=PA1193 1193]}}</ref>
It may also be the same as the location referred to as "Shaalban" (2 Samuel 23:32; 1 Chronicles 11:33), and may have been the "Shaalim" of 1 Samuel 9:4.<ref name="eerdmans shaalbim" />
===Shaalim=== Saul and his assistant passed through the land of Shaalim looking for his father's lost donkeys, according to 1 Samuel 9:4,<ref>{{bibleverse|1 Samuel|9:4|NKJV}}</ref> probably in the highlands of Ephraim. Some manuscripts of the Septuagint locate the burial place of Abdon in Pirathon, in the hill country of Ephraim, in the land of Shaalim,<ref>[http://biblehub.com/commentaries/cambridge/judges/12.htm Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges] on Judges 12, accessed 11 April 2018</ref> although other versions read "in the hill country of the Amalekites".<ref>{{bibleverse||Judges|12:15|NRSV}}</ref>
===Shamir=== ''This is about the biblical locations, not the person mentioned in 1 Chronicles 24:24.''
'''Shamir''' is the name of a biblical place which according to Joshua 15:48 was found in the hill-country of the Tribe of Judah.
According to Judges 10:1-2, the Israelite leader Tola lived, died, and was buried in a location called Shamir in the hill-country of the Tribe of Ephraim.
===Shaveh Kiriathaim=== According to Genesis 14:5, Chedorlaomer and his allies defeated the Emim at '''Shaveh Kiriathaim'''.
===Shaveh, Valley of=== A valley named '''Shaveh''' (or the King's Valley) is the location where, according to Genesis 14:17, Bera, the King of Sodom went to meet Abram after the defeat of the forces of Chedorlaomer.
===Sibmah=== '''Sibmah''' (Hebrew, ''Sibmah'') is a location which according to Numbers 32:37-38 and Joshua 13:19 was in the territory of the Tribe of Reuben.<ref>{{bibleverse|Numbers|32:37-38|NKJV}}; {{bibleverse|Joshua|13:19NKJV}}</ref> In the King James Version it is sometimes spelled '''Shibmah'''. Isaiah 16:7-8 refers to it as a Moabite city, as does Jeremiah 48:31-32. In one case it is called '''Sebam'''<ref>{{cite book|author1=M. Jack Suggs|author2=Katharine Doob Sakenfeld|author3=James R. Mueller|title=The Oxford Study Bible: Revised English Bible with Apocrypha|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=n61YBQAAQBAJ&pg=RA1-PA176|date=12 March 1992|publisher=OUP USA|isbn=978-0-19-529000-4|page=176}}</ref> (Hebrew ''Sebam''), spelled '''Shebam''' in the King James Version (Numbers 32:3). Its specific location is not known.<ref>{{cite book|author=Ernest W. Nicholson|title=The Book of the Prophet Jeremiah, Chapters 26-52|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jVzSR8Dl4kwC&pg=PA246|date=8 May 1975|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-09867-0|page=246}}</ref>
===Stone of Bohan, son of Reuben=== The stone of Bohan, son of Reuben is mentioned in Joshua 15:6 as a point along the boundary of the land allocated to the tribe of Judah.<ref>{{bibleverse||Joshua|15:6|NKJV}}</ref> Bohan is not named as one of Reuben's sons where they are listed in Genesis 46:9.<ref>{{bibleverse||Genesis|46:9|NKJV}}</ref> '''Bohan''' is a name which appears twice in the Hebrew Bible.<ref>Joshua 15:6; 18:17.</ref> In both cases it appears in the phrase "the stone of Bohan the son of Reuben," which refers to a place along the boundary between Judah and the Tribe of Benjamin.<ref name="cb bohan">"Bohan", in {{harvnb|Cheyne|Black|1899}}</ref>
===Suphah=== Suphah is mentioned in Numbers 21:14,<ref>{{bibleverse||Numbers|21:14|HE}}</ref> quoting the lost Book of the Wars of the Lord, and is possibly the same as Suph.
==T== ===Tappuah=== '''Tappuah''', Hebrew for 'apple', and compounds thereof, are toponyms from the Book of Joshua: *Beth-Tappuah, city in the hill country of Judah ({{bibleverse|Joshua| 15:53}}), commonly identified with Taffuh, a Palestinian town in the West Bank, 4 miles west of Hebron. *Tappuah, city in the lowland of Judah ({{bibleverse|Joshua| 12:17, 15:34}}) *Tappuah, capital of a Canaanite king defeated by Joshua. It was allotted to the powerful tribe of Ephraim, who first needed to capture the city. It stood in the eastern parts of its realm and on the border with Manasseh, who received the lands around it ({{bibleverse|Joshua| 16:8, 17:8}}). It is usually identified with Tell esh-Sheikh Abu Zarad, 8 miles (13 km) south of Shechem and in the vicinity of modern Yasuf (identified with the Yashub of LXX and possibly of the Samaria Ostraca).<ref name=GW>{{cite encyclopedia |editor= Wigoder, Geoffrey |encyclopedia= The Illustrated Dictionary and Concordance of the Bible |entry= Tappuah (3) |year= 2005 |publisher=Sterling Publishing |location= New York |edition= revised |pages= 930–931 |quote= A Canaanite kingdom centered around the city of the same name that was conquered by Joshua. The city itself was assigned to the tribe of Ephraim, while its lands were allotted to Manasseh. The location is probably modern Sheikh-Abu-Zarad, 8 miles (13 km) south of Shechem. Josh 12:17, 16:8, 17:8 |isbn= 1-4027-2820-4}}</ref><ref name=FMA>[https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/tappuah "Tappuah"], in ''Encyclopaedia Judaica'', The Gale Group, 2007 edition. Referencing F.M. Abel (1936), ''RB'' '''45''', pp. 103ff. Via Jewish Virtual Library. Accessed 21 Feb 2024.</ref> Pottery found at Sheikh Abu Zarad was dated to the Late Bronze and Iron Ages.<ref name=FMA/> Encyclopaedia Judaica sees En-tappuah from {{bibleverse|Joshua| 17:7}} (see below) as being an alternative name for the city.<ref name=FMA/> A by now discarded identification with the site fortified by Bacchides was based on a misreading of Josephus (Ant., 13:15 / Whiston [https://sacred-texts.com/jud/josephus/ant-13.htm Book 13, Ch 1:3]; {{bibleverse |1 Maccabees| 9:50}}): Bacchides fortified Theko (Tekoa), not Tepho (Tappuah).<ref name=FMA/> *En-tappuah ('Tappuah Spring'), in the eastern parts of Manasseh on the border with Ephraim ({{bibleverse|Joshua| 17:7}}); identified with the 'Ayn al-Tuffūḥ spring near the village of Yasuf.<ref name=FMA/> Considered to be an alternative name for the city of Tappuah in Efraim.<ref name=FMA/> *Tiphsah, city captured by King Mehahem ({{Bibleverse|2 Kings|15:16}}). In the Greek version though, the city is named as Tappuah, which would then be the one in Ephraim (see above).<ref name=GW/>
===Tatam=== '''Tatam''' appears in the Septuagint version of Joshua 15:59-60.<ref name="Rainey1982"/>
===Theco=== '''Theco''' appears in the Septuagint version of Joshua 15:59-60.<ref name="Rainey1982"/>
===Thether=== '''Thether''' appears in the Septuagint version of Joshua 15:59-60.<ref name="Rainey1982"/>
===Thobes=== '''Thobes''' appears in the Septuagint version of Joshua 15:59-60.<ref name="Rainey1982"/>
==U== ===Uzzen-sherah=== '''Uzzen-sherah''' (or '''Uzzen-sheerah''') is the name of a town mentioned only in 1 Chronicles 7:24.<ref>{{bibleverse|1 Chronicles|7:24}}</ref> It was named for its builder, Sherah, daughter of Ephraim. While it is believed to have been located close to Beth-horon, the exact location has not been identified.<ref name="Riedel1981">{{cite book|author=Eunice Riedel|title=The book of the Bible|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4MJR6hFJxGgC|year=1981|publisher=Bantam Books|isbn=978-0-553-14649-3|page=505}}</ref>
==W== === Well Lahairoi, the === ''See Beer-lahai-roi.''
==Z== ===Zaphon=== Zaphon ({{langx|he|Tsaphonah}}, rendered ''Sephenia'' in some manuscripts of the Septuagint)<ref>[http://biblehub.com/commentaries/ellicott/judges/12.htm Ellicott's Commentary for Modern Readers] on Judges 12, accessed 9 November 2016</ref> is mentioned in Joshua 13:27 as a location within the territory of the tribe of Gad<ref>{{bibleverse||Joshua|13:27|NKJV}}</ref> and in Judges 12:1 as the location where the Ephraimites met with Jephthah and his army to complain that Jephthah had fought the Ammonites without calling on the Ephraimites for military assistance.<ref>{{bibleverse||Judges|12:1|NKJV}}</ref> The Easy-to-Read Version calls it a "city".<ref>[https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Judges%2012:1-2&version=ERV Judges 21:1: Easy-to-Read Version]</ref> Some translations (e.g. the King James Version) render ''Tsaphonah'' as "northwards".
===Zelzah=== A place at the border of Benjamin, where two men were to meet Saul as a sign of his kingship, in 1 Samuel 10:2.<ref>{{bibleverse||1 Samuel|10:2|KJV}}</ref> This is the only mention of the place in the Bible, and its location is unidentified.<ref>{{cite book|title=Samuel: Soncino Books of the Bible|author=Cohen A. Ed|page=52}}</ref>
===Zereda=== Zereda(h) is the birthplace of Jeroboam, the first king of the northern Kingdom of Israel and the son of Nebat of the Tribe of Ephraim.<ref>{{bibleverse|1Kings|11:26}}</ref>
===Ziz=== The "ascent of '''Ziz'''" is the place where, according to 2 Chronicles 20:16, Jahaziel told Jehoshaphat to expect an invading army of Moabites, Ammonites, and Edomites to ascend in front of the wilderness of Jeruel.<ref>{{bibleverse||2 Chronicles|20:16|NKJV}}</ref>
==See also== *Cities in the Book of Joshua *List of biblical places *List of minor biblical figures *List of minor biblical tribes *List of modern names for biblical place names
==References== {{reflist}}
===General references=== *{{cite book |last1=Budge |first1=E. A. Wallis |title=An Egyptian Hieroglyphic Dictionary |volume=II |date=1920 |location=London |publisher=John Murray |url=https://archive.org/details/egyptianhierogly02budguoft}} *{{cite book |editor1-first=T. K. |editor1-last=Cheyne|editor2-first=J. S. |editor2-last=Black |date=1899 |title=Encyclopaedia Biblica |url=https://archive.org/details/encyclopaediabib01cheyuoft |volume=1, A-D |location=Toronto |publisher=George N. Morang and Company}} *{{cite book |editor1-first=T. K. |editor1-last=Cheyne|editor2-first=J. S. |editor2-last=Black |date=1901 |title=Encyclopaedia Biblica |url=https://archive.org/details/encyclopaediabib02cheyuoft |volume=2, E-K |location=New York |publisher=The Macmillan Company}} *{{cite book |editor1-first=T. K. |editor1-last=Cheyne|editor2-first=J. S. |editor2-last=Black |date=1902 |title=Encyclopaedia Biblica |url=https://archive.org/details/encyclopaediabib03cheyuoft |volume=3, L-P |location=Toronto |publisher=George N. Morang and Company}} *{{cite book |editor1-first=T. K. |editor1-last=Cheyne|editor2-first=J. S. |editor2-last=Black |date=1903 |title=Encyclopaedia Biblica |url=https://archive.org/details/encyclopaediabib04cheyuoft |volume=4, Q-Z |location=Toronto |publisher=George N. Morang and Company}} *{{cite book |first1=J. D. |last1=Douglas |first2=Merrill C. |last2=Tenney |title=Zondervan Illustrated Bible Dictionary |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8Tq7UcPMwacC&pg=PP1 |date=2011 |publisher=Harper Collins |isbn=978-0-310-49235-1}} *{{cite book|editor-last=Freedman |editor-first=David Noel |title=Eerdmans Dictionary of the Bible |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qRtUqxkB7wkC|date=2000|publisher=Amsterdam University Press|isbn=978-90-5356-503-2|page=173}} *{{cite book|first=Pekka |last=Pitkänen |title=Joshua|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Q7tvG_w6uQEC |date=2010|publisher=InterVarsity Press|isbn=978-0-8308-2506-6}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Biblical places, minor}} Category:Biblical places