Errand

thumb|Girl on an errand picking up something from a store. An '''errand''' is a task of no great consequence, typically concerning household or business affairs, which requires the person undertaking it to travel to a place where it can be accomplished. The activity of undertaking this task is called '''running an errand''', while a series of such tasks undertaken in a single outing is called '''errand-running''' or '''running errands'''.

==Definitions== The word, errand, derives from Old English ǣrende, which in turn comes from Proto-West Germanic *ārundī, and in the Middle Ages denoted a quest or mission, such that Malory's 15th-century ''Le Morte d'Arthur'' had King Arthur asking a knight, "what is your '''errand'''?"<ref>Thomas Malory, "Capitulum XXIII", in ''Le Morte d'Arthur'', book VII, (William Caxton, London, 1485); republished as H[einrich] Oskar Sommer, editor, ''Le Morte d'Arthur'' (David Nutt, London, 1889), page 217.</ref>

An "errand" can include delivering a message, for which reason an 1871 dictionary of synonyms described a message as synonymous with an errand, while allowing that an errand can be something other than a message:

{{blockquote|ERRAND (A. S. ærende, ærend, messenger) is an object for which one goes somewhere, or is sent by another. If the object be to communicate with another in words, then the errand is so far a message. But the errand may be not of this kind, as an errand to buy something at the market. ... An errand is an act; a message is a thing of words.<ref>Charles John Smith, ''Synonyms Discriminated: A Complete Catalogue of Synonymous Words in the English Language'' (1871), p. 297.</ref>}}

==In employment== [[File:Henri Evenepoel - Het loopmeisje.JPG|thumb|upright|''Errand Girl'', a 19th century painting by Henri Evenepoel]] Historically, people with more wealth or power would hire a person, typically called an errand boy or errand girl, to perform these tasks for them. The modern term for such a person is gofer (derived from the phrase ''go for'').

In more modern times, an employer or supervisor with employees having specified job functions may be subject to legal consequences if the employer requires the employee to perform errands that are not part of their job. For this purpose, errands may be divided between those that are work-related, and those that are '''personal errands'''. A business owner or employee may also be subject to consequences for using company time or property to engage in personal errands. The liability of an employer for an injury caused by an employee departing from work-related activities to run an errand is addressed by the law of frolic and detour, under which the employer remains liable if the departure is minor.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.lexology.com/library/detail.aspx?g=c24dbff1-5d9c-46d0-b070-b82444070c2f|title=Vicarious liability – what is a "frolic" anyway? |date=May 30, 2012|author=RPC|publisher=Lexology|accessdate=25 March 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.blclaims.co.uk/latest-news/news/2012/02/20/are_your_employees_off_on_a_frolic_of_their_own/|title=Are your employees off on a frolic of their own?|date=20 February 2012|work=www.blclaims.co.uk|accessdate=25 March 2018|archive-date=26 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180326141422/https://www.blclaims.co.uk/latest-news/news/2012/02/20/are_your_employees_off_on_a_frolic_of_their_own/|url-status=dead}}</ref>

A 1909 report on the English Poor Laws noted that "the most hopeless position is that of the errand boy at a small shop in a poor neighborhood", for whom "prospects are absolutely nil".<ref name="Report">''Report on Boy Labour in London and Other Typical Towns'' (1909) p. 20.</ref> The report further noted that those employed as errand boys were unlikely to pick up any additional skills useful in a trade.<ref name="Report"/>

In more recent times, some errand-running functions have been assumed by gig economy businesses that will run typical errands, such as "donation drop offs, returns, shopping, random pickups/drop offs, pharmacy runs, and food pick ups" for a small fee.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.abc4.com/gtu/say-goodbye-to-to-do-lists-and-hello-to-more-free-time-with-errand/|title=Say goodbye to to-do lists and hello to more free time with Errand|first1=Savvy|last1=Jardine|work=ABC4 Utah|date=April 4, 2023}}</ref>

==Cultural significance== The running of errands may have some specific cultural significance.

The Japanese television series ''Old Enough!'' ({{Langx|ja|はじめてのおつかい|lit=My First Errand|translit=Hajimete no Otsukai}}) depicts, in a documentary manner, the efforts of toddlers going on an errand on their own{{emdash}}buying groceries, delivering packages{{emdash}}accompanied by the camera crew. The program highlights the Japanese cultural practice of sending small children to run errands as a means of increasing their sense of independence,<ref name="NYT Old Enough">{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/04/14/world/asia/japan-toddler-tv-show.html |title=Can Toddlers Cross the Street Alone? Yes, on Reality TV in Japan.|first1=Hisako|last1=Ueno|first2=Mike|last2=Ives|work=The New York Times|date=April 22, 2022}}</ref> and has been distributed internationally since 2022 on Netflix.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Grabar |first=Henry |date=2022-04-11 |title=How Japan Built Cities Where You Could Send Your Toddler on an Errand |url=https://slate.com/business/2022/04/old-enough-netflix-do-japanese-parents-really-send-toddlers-on-errands.html |access-date=2022-04-12 |website=Slate Magazine |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=St. Michel |first=Patrick |date=2022-04-12 |title=Surprise Netflix hit 'Old Enough!' proves Japanese TV is good enough for Western viewers |url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/culture/2022/04/12/tv/old-enough-netflix/ |access-date=2022-04-12 |website=The Japan Times |language=en-US}}</ref> Most of the children who try to perform errands are between 3 and 6 years old (nursery school children and kindergarteners), but in rare cases, children as young as 1 or 2 years old have also participated. Since the parents basically do not provide notes, but only verbally tell their children what they want, there are many cases where children forget to buy items for the errands or make a mistake.<ref name="NYT Old Enough"/>

A fool's errand prank is a type of practical joke played in many parts of the world, where a newcomer to a group, typically in a workplace context, is given an impossible or nonsensical task by older or more experienced members of the group. A common fool's errand is to send someone to get "blinker fluid" or "turn-signal fluid" from an automotive parts store.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Here's How Actual 'Blinker Fluid' Could Work|url=https://jalopnik.com/here-s-how-actual-blinker-fluid-could-work-1822456779|access-date=2020-08-18|website=Jalopnik|date=26 January 2018 |language=en-us}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last1=Megargee|first1=Jeremy|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xf-FDwAAQBAJ&q=blinker+fluid&pg=PT68|title=Creeping Corruption Anthology|last2=Bondoni|first2=Gustavo|last3=Kirby|first3=Oscar|last4=Lubaczewski|first4=Paul|last5=Harrison|first5=Kev|last6=Kolb|first6=Lukas|last7=Bain|first7=Ian|last8=Booth|first8=Die|last9=Striker|first9=J. M.|year=2019|publisher=Madness Heart Press|isbn=978-1-7906-4476-6|language=en}}</ref> More generally, a fool's errand is a task almost certain to fail.<ref>[https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/fool%27s%20errand Merriam-Webster Dictionary]: "a needless or profitless endeavor." [https://dictionary.cambridge.org/us/dictionary/english/fool-s-errand Cambridge Dictionary]: "an effort that is unlikely to be successful".</ref>

==Errand paralysis== Sufficiently severe anxiety can render a person unable to run even simple errands, for which the term "errand paralysis" has been coined.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.stylist.co.uk/life/errand-paralysis-burnout-millennial-burn-out-mental-health/289499|title=Errand paralysis: How burnout stops us getting things done|first=Chloe|last=Gray|date=August 26, 2019|website=Stylist}}</ref> This is particularly the case where an individual allows a large number of small errands to accumulate, so that the collective work to be done becomes substantial.

==References== {{reflist}}

==External links== {{Wiktionary|errand}}

Category:Everyday life