'''Ernst Thomas Ferand''' (born '''Ernő Freund''';<ref>{{cite book |last1=Bauchhenß |first1=Elisabeth |title=Eugen Szenkar (1891-1977) Ein ungarisch-jüdischer Dirigent schreibt deutsche Operngeschichte |date=2016 |publisher=Böhlau Verlag GmbH & Cie |isbn=978-3-412-50117-4 |page=18 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XPdCDQAAQBAJ&dq=%22ern%C5%91+freund%22&pg=PA18 |access-date=3 April 2024}}</ref> 5 March 1887<ref>{{cite web |last1=Hilscher |first1=Elisabeth |title=Ferand, Ernest Thomas |url=https://www.musiklexikon.ac.at/ml/musik_F/Ferand_Ernest.xml |website=Oesterreichisches Musiklexikon online |access-date=3 April 2024}}</ref> – 29 May 1972<ref>{{cite journal|title=Obituaries|journal=AMS Newsletter|date=15 Aug 1974|volume=4|issue=2|pages=8}}</ref>) was an American musicologist and music educator of Hungarian birth. He was also known as ''Ernest Ferand'' and ''Ernst Ferand-Freund''.
==Biography==
Ferand was born in 1887 in Budapest, Austria-Hungary. He attended the Royal National Hungarian Academy of Music and the University of Music and Performing Arts Vienna.<ref>{{cite news |title=Fortnightly to Hear Dr. Ernest T. Ferand |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/rutland-daily-herald-ernst-ferand-biogra/50628450/ |access-date=3 April 2024 |work=Rutland Daily Herald |date=5 Feb 1941}}</ref> He became interested in the methods of Émile Jaques-Dalcroze, and from 1925 to 1938 he taught at Dalcroze's Schule Hellerau-Laxenburg in Austria. In 1938 he published the influential treatise ''Die Improvisation in der Musik'' (Improvisation in Music).<ref>Solis, Gabriel & Bruno Nettl. ''Musical Improvisation: Art, Education, and Society''. 2009.</ref>
He fled Europe after the Nazi annexation of Austria, finding refuge in the United States.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Kimball |first1=Mary Kimball |title=Old Vermont Farm Changes Hands; Still A Farm |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-times-argus-ernst-ferand-weed-farm/65618887/ |access-date=2 April 2024 |work=The Times Argus |date=Nov 11, 1970}}</ref> From 1939 until 1965 Ferand was affiliated with the New School of Social Research.<ref>Weber, Horst & Stefan Drees. "Sources Relating to the History of Emigre Musicians 1933-1950". p. 201</ref> He wrote a number of articles which were published in The Musical Quarterly and the Journal of the American Musicological Society.
In 1974, Bruno Nettl wrote that Ferand was "the single outstanding authority in international musicology on this subject [of improvisation]."<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Nettl |first1=Bruno |title=Thoughts On Improvisation: A Comparative Approach |journal=The Musical Quarterly |date=January 1974 |volume=LX |issue=1 |page=1 |access-date=6 March 2026|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/741663}}</ref> Peter Wishart described Ferand as "perhaps the most widely acknowledged authority on the subject [of improvisation in Western music.]"<ref>Wishart, Peter. "Review: Improvisation in Nine Centuries of Western Music". The Musical Times, vol. 103, No. 1431. May, 1962</ref>
Ferand died on May 29, 1972, in Basel, Switzerland.<ref>{{cite journal|author=Janet Rhoads Pinkowitz |title=Index to Music Necrology|journal=Notes|date=Jun 1974|volume=30|issue=4|pages=766–772}}</ref>
==Bibliography==
===Books===
* (1938). ''Die Improvisation in der Musik: eine entwicklungsgeschichtliche und psychologische Untersuchung''. Zürich: Rhein-Verlag. * (1956). ''Die Improvisation; in Beispielen aus neun Jahrhunderten abendländischer Musik'' (Improvisation in Nine Centuries of Western Music). Köln: A. Volk Verlag. * (1957). "Improvisation", die Musik in Geschichte und Gegenwart (Encyclopedia) vol. 6, Kassel; Basel: Bärenreiter. pp. 1093-1135. * (1961). Improvisation in nine centuries of western music; an anthology with a historical introduction. Köln: Arno Volk Verlag. Series: Das Musikwerk (Anthology of music), no. 12.
===Articles===
* {{cite journal| author=Ernst Th. Ferand| title=The "Howling In Seconds" of the Lombards| journal=The Musical Quarterly|date=July 1939| volume=25| number=3| pages=313–324| doi=10.1093/mq/xxv.3.313}} * {{cite journal| author=Ernst T. Ferand| title=Improvisation in Music History and Education| journal=Papers of the American Musicological Society|date=1940| pages=115–125}} * {{cite journal| author=Ernst T. Ferand| title=Two Unknown "Frottole"| journal=The Musical Quarterly|date=July 1941| volume=27| number=3| pages=319–328| doi=10.1093/mq/xxvii.3.319}} * {{cite journal| author=Ernst T. Ferand| title=In Memoriam: Fernando Liuzzi| journal=The Musical Quarterly|date=Oct 1942| volume=28| number=4| pages=494–504| doi=10.1093/mq/xxviii.4.494}} * {{cite journal| author=Ernest T. Ferand| title=Review: The Technique of Variation. A study of the Instrumental Variation from Antonio de Cabezón to Max Reger by Robert U. Nelson| journal=The Musical Quarterly|date=Apr 1949| volume=35| number=2| pages=331–334| doi = 10.1093/mq/xxxv.2.331 }} * {{cite journal| author=Ernest T. Ferand| title="Sodaine and Unexpected" Music in the Renaissance| journal=The Musical Quarterly|date=Jan 1951| volume=37| number=1| pages=10–27| doi=10.1093/mq/xxxvii.1.10}} * {{cite journal| author=Ernest T. Ferand| title=Internationale Gesellschaft für Musikwissenschaft, Vierter Kongress, Basel, 29. Juni bis 3.| journal=Notes |series=Second Series|date=Dec 1951| volume=9| number=1| pages=126–127| doi=10.2307/890494| jstor=890494}} * {{cite journal| author=E. T. Ferand| title=Improvised Vocal Counterpoint in the Late Renaissance and Early Baroque| journal=Annales musicologiques|date=1956| number=4| pages=129–174}} * {{cite journal| author=Ernest T. Ferand| title=What Is "Res Facta"?| journal=Journal of the American Musicological Society|date=Autumn 1957| volume=10| number=3| pages=141–150| doi=10.1525/jams.1957.10.3.03a00020}} * {{cite journal| author=Ernest T. Ferand| title=Embellished "Parody Canatatas" in the Early 18th Century| journal=The Musical Quarterly|date=Jan 1958| volume=44| number=1| pages=40–64| doi=10.1093/mq/xliv.1.40}}
==References==
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Ferand, Ernst}} Category:1887 births Category:1972 deaths Category:Hungarian music educators Category:Hungarian musicologists Category:20th-century American musicologists