Ernogrammus

{{Short description|Genus of fishes}} {{Automatic taxobox | image = Naturalis Biodiversity Center - RMNH.ART.233 - Ernogrammus hexagrammus (Temminck and Schlegel) - Kawahara Keiga - 1823 - 1829 - Siebold Collection - pencil drawing - water colour.jpg | image_caption = ''Ernogrammus hexagrammus'' | taxon = Ernogrammus | authority = Jordan & Evermann, 1898 | type_species = ''Stichaeus enneagrammus'' a synonym of ''Ernogrammus hexagrammus'' | type_species_authority = Kner, 1868<ref name = CofF>{{Cof family|family=Stichaeinae|access-date=8 August 2022}}</ref> }}

'''''Ernogrammus''''' is a genus of marine ray-finned fishes belonging to the family Stichaeidae, the pricklebacks or shannies.<ref name="ZT2814">{{cite journal | author1 =Markevich, A.I. | author2 = Kharin, V.E. | name-list-style = & | year = 2011 | title = A new species of prickleback ''Ernogrammus zhirmunskii'' (Acanthopterygii: Perciformes: Stichaeidae) from the Sea of Japan, Russia | journal = Zootaxa | volume = 2814 | pages = 59–66 | doi = 10.11646/zootaxa.2814.1.5}}</ref> These fishes are found in the North Pacific Ocean.

==Taxonomy== ''Ernogrammus'' was first proposed as a genus in 1898 by the American ichthyologists David Starr Jordan and Barton Warren Evermann with ''Stichaeus enneagrammus'', which had been described by Rudolf Kner in 1868 from Decastris Bay on the Tatar Strait in the northern Sea of Japan, as the only species in this monotypic genus.<ref name = CofF/> ''S. enneagrammus'' is now considered to be a junior synonym of Schlegel's ''Stichaeus hexagrammus''.<ref name = CofF2>{{Cof genus | genus = Ernogrammus | access-date = 9 August 2022}}</ref> This genus is classified within the subfamily Stichaeinae of the Zoarcoid family Stichaeidae.<ref name = M&S2004>{{cite journal | author1 = Mecklenburg, C. W. | author2 = B. A. Sheiko | name-list-style = and | year = 2004 | title = Family Stichaeidae Gill 1864 — pricklebacks | journal = California Academy of Sciences Annotated Checklists of Fishes | volume = 35 | url = https://www.calacademy.org/sites/default/files/assets/docs/stichaeidae.pdf}}</ref>

===Species=== ''Ernogrammus'' contains 3 species:<ref name = Fishbase>{{FishBase genus|genus=Ernogrammus|month=February|year=2022}}</ref> * ''Ernogrammus hexagrammus'' (Schlegel, 1845) (Six-lined prickleback) * ''Ernogrammus walkeri'' Follett & Powell, 1988 (Masked prickleback) * ''Ernogrammus zhirmunskii'' Markevich & Kharin, 2011 (Seven-lined prickleback)

===Etymology=== ''Ernogrammus'' is a compound of ''ernos'', meaning "branch", and ''grammus'', which means "line", a reference to the branched lateral line which distinguishes this genus from ''Eumesogrammus''.<ref name = ETYFish>{{cite web | url = http://etyfish.org/perciformes15/ | title = Order Perciformes (Part 11): Suborder Cottoidea: Infraorder Zoarcales: Families: Anarhichadidae, Neozoarcidae, Eulophias, Stichaeidae, Lumpenidae, Ophistocentridae, Pholidae, Ptilichthyidae, Zaproridae, Cryptacanthodidae, Cebidichthyidae, Scytalinidae and Bathymasteridae | work = The ETYFish Project Fish Name Etymology Database | editor1= Christopher Scharpf | editor2 = Kenneth J. Lazara | name-list-style = amp |date = 4 July 2021 | access-date = 9 August 2022 | publisher = Christopher Scharpf and Kenneth J. Lazara}}</ref>

==Characteritics== ''Ernogrammus'' pricklebacks have four lateral line canals on each side of the body which run through a series of rather elongate, bony tubules which resemble troughs, and at the tail end they have an extension which is diagonal running from the dorsal part of the body to the lower bod and ending in a pore.<ref name = F&P1988>{{cite journal | author1 = W. I. Follett | author2 = David C. Powell | name-list-style = and | year = 1988 | title = Ernogrammus walkeri, a New Species of Prickleback (Pisces: Stichaeidae) from South-Central California | journal = Copeia | volume = 1988 | issue = 1 | pages = 135–152}}</ref> The genus includes the smallest species in the subfamily, the seven-lined prickleback (''Ernogrammus zhirmunskii'') which has a maximum published standard length of {{cvt|7.5|cm}} while the six-lined prickleback has a maximum published total length of {{cvt|15|cm}} and the largest species is the masked prickleback which has a maximum published standard length of {{cvt|28.8|cm}}.<ref name = Fishbase/>

==Distribution, habitat and biology== ''Ernogrammus'' pricklebacks are found in the northern North Pacific Ocean, south to California and Japan.<ref name = M&S2004/> They are found in the littoral and sublittoral zones and they are nocturnal fishes hiding in rock crevices during the day.<ref name = F&P1988/>

==References== {{Reflist}}

Category:Stichaeinae Category:Taxa named by David Starr Jordan Category:Taxa named by Barton Warren Evermann