Eristalis cryptarum

{{Short description|Species of fly}} {{Speciesbox |image = Eristalis cryptarum 75095963.jpg | genus = Eristalis | parent = Eristalis (Eoseristalis) | species = cryptarum | authority = (Fabricius, 1794) | synonyms_ref = <ref name="Skevington"/> | synonyms = *''Eristalis nubilipennis'' Curtis, 1832 *''Syrphus cryptarum'' Fabricius, 1794 *''Eristalis compactus''<ref name="Skevington"/> }}

'''''Eristalis cryptarum''''' is a holarctic species of hoverfly.<ref name="Skevington"/><ref name="VanVeen">{{cite book |last= Van Veen |first= M.P. |title= Hoverflies of Northwest Europe, Identification Keys to the Syrphidae |type= Hardback |year= 2004 |publisher= KNNV Publishing |location= Utrecht |isbn= 90-5011-199-8 |pages= 254 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author1=Stubbs, Alan E. |author2=Falk, Steven J.|year=1983 |title=British Hoverflies: An Illustrated Identification Guide |publisher=British Entomological & Natural History Society|page=253, xvpp}}</ref> Known as the '''bog hoverfly''' or '''bog-dwelling drone fly''', it is a bog specialist but may occur in other wetlands.<ref name="Skevington"/> Its larvae are assumed to live in peat that is saturated with water, such as that found in these boggy areas.<ref name="Speight">{{cite journal | last = Speight | first = M.C.D. | year = 2011 | title = Species accounts of European Syrphidae (Diptera)| journal = Syrph the Net, the database of European Syrphidae | volume = 65 | pages = 285pp | url= http://www.diptera.info/downloads/StN_Species_Accounts_Glasgow_2011.pdf }}</ref><ref name=BAP>{{cite web |url = http://www.ukbap.org.uk/UKPlans.aspx?ID=288 |title = Action plan for Eristalis cryptarum |publisher = UK Biodiversity Action Plan |accessdate = 2010-11-27 |url-status = dead |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20090713132108/http://www.ukbap.org.uk/UKPlans.aspx?ID=288 |archivedate = 2009-07-13 }}</ref> The female has been observed depositing eggs on and close to very fresh cow dung along oligotrophic seepages in moorland.

Hoverflies get their names from the ability to remain nearly motionless while in flight. The adults are also known as flower flies for they are commonly found around and on flowers from which they get both energy-giving nectar and protein rich pollen. The larvae are aquatic filter-feeders of the rat-tailed type.

''E. cryptarum'' has a wide distribution across central and Northern Europe and East to Siberia and Mongolia.<ref>Fauna Europaea</ref><ref>Peck, L.V. (1988) Syrphidae. In: Soos, A. & Papp, L. (eds.) ''Catalogue of Palaearctic Diptera'', 8: 11-230. Akad.Kiado, Budapest.</ref> In England, it was once found in all southwestern counties as far east as the New Forest, but since the middle of the 20th century its range has contracted, for unknown reasons, and it is only now found at a few sites on Dartmoor, Devon. In Denmark it is considered critically endangered, possibly extinct.<ref name =BAP/>

==Description== thumb For terms see Morphology of Diptera.

;Length {{convert|9-13|mm|in|1|abbr=on}} ;Head The front or frons in female is yellow pilose below, on the sides lightly pollinose above, clothed with black pile. The pile yellowish on front and vertex and black about the ocelli, sometimes black on the front likewise. The face has a black ground color that is lightly covered with whitish pollen and pile on the sides. The black facial stripe is wide on a pronounced tubercle. The cheeks (gena) are shining black. The face is rather produced below. The third joint of the antennae (flagellum) is unusually large and bright reddish-orange. The arista is bare. The eyes are wholly lightly pilose. The occiput is black above and white below.

;Thorax The scutum is dark shining brown with reddish pile on the sides. The scutellum is reddish with black pile, along the border the pile is reddish. The pleurae are mostly black pilose.

;Abdomen Second segment of the abdomen on the sides with roughly triangular reddish-orange, or brownish red that extending across between, a shining fascia, not interrupted in the middle, the black elsewhere deep opaque. The hind border is yellow. The pile on spots of second segment is bright golden red. The third segment and also the fourth are wholly shining black except for their yellow hind border. The posterior part of the third segment, however, is less distinctly so, more subopaque. The hypopygium, or fifth segment is wholly shining black with long white pile.

;Wings: Wings hyaline with black veins. The anterior part as far as the cross-vein, and reaching a little into the base of the second basal cell is tinted brown. The wings also have a brownish band on the anterior basal portion. Diagnostic veination: Spurious vein (sv) present, R4+5 looping into cell r4+5, r2+3. closed cell anterior cross- vein (r-m) near the middle of discal cell (dm) is oblique. ;Legs The legs are reddish with black pile. The basal part of femora black and the last three joints of tarsi are black. The hind femora are black and not thickened. The tibia are orange with yellow basally.<ref>Van Veen, M. (2004) ''Hoverflies of Northwest Europe: identification keys to the Syrphidae.'' 256pp. KNNV Publishing, Utrecht.[http://home.hccnet.nl/mp.van.veen/syrphidae/boekhoverflies.html addendum]</ref><ref>Van der Goot, V.S. (1981) ''De zweefvliegen van Noordwest - Europa en Europees Rusland, in het bijzonder van de Benelux''. KNNV, Uitgave no.32: 275pp. Amsterdam.</ref><ref>Bei-Bienko, G.Y. & Steyskal, G.C. (1988) ''Keys to the Insects of the European Part of the USSR'', Volume V: Diptera and Siphonaptera, Part I. Amerind Publishing Co., New Delhi. {{ISBN|81-205-0080-6}}.</ref><ref>Coe, R.L. (1953) Diptera: Syrphidae. ''Handbks.ident.Br.insects,'' 10(1): 1-98. R.ent.Soc.London. [http://www.royensoc.co.uk/sites/default/files/Vol10_Part01.pdf pdf] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181004053056/https://www.royensoc.co.uk/sites/default/files/Vol10_Part01.pdf |date=2018-10-04 }}</ref> The male genitalia are figured by Hippa et al. (2001) <ref>Hippa, H., Nielsen, T.R. & van Steenis, J. (2001) The west Palaearctic species of the genus ''Eristalis''Latreille (Diptera, Surphidae). ''Norw.J.Entomol., 48: 289-327''.</ref> The larva is undescribed.

<gallery mode="traditional" heights="275px" widths="275px"> image:Syrphidae (Eristalis) wing veins.svg| ''Eristalis'' wing InsectLeg.png|Insect leg Eristalis_head_diagram.png| ''Eristalis'' head Antenna - syrphid.png|Syrphid antenna Thorax_diagram_better.png|Dorsal view of Syrphid thorax </gallery>

==References== {{Reflist|refs= <ref name="Skevington">{{cite book |last1=Skevington |first1=Jeffrey H. |last2=Locke |first2=Michelle M. |last3=Young |first3=Andrew D. |last4=Moran |first4=Kevin |last5=Crins |first5=William J. |last6=Marshall |first6=Stephen A. |title=Field Guide to the Flower Flies of Northeastern North America |date=2019 |publisher=Princeton University Press |location=Princeton, New Jersey |isbn=9780691189406}}</ref> }}

Category:Flies of Europe Category:Eristalini Category:Insects described in 1794