Enurmino

{{Infobox Russian rural locality |en_name=Enurmino |ru_name=Энурмино |other_name=Иннурмин |other_lang=Chukchi |image_skyline= |image_caption= |image_map= |map_caption= |map_label_position=top |coordinates = {{coord|66|57|N|171|49|W|display=inline,title}} |lats= |longs=  |federal_subject=Chukotka Autonomous Okrug |federal_subject_ref=<ref name="ATS">Law #33-OZ, Article 13.2 {{in lang|ru}}</ref> |adm_district_jur=Chukotsky District |adm_district_jur_ref= |inhabloc_cat=Rural locality |inhabloc_cat_ref=<ref name="ATS" /> |inhabloc_type=''Selo'' |inhabloc_type_ref=<ref name="ATS" />  |mun_district_jur=Chukotsky Municipal District |mun_district_jur_ref=<ref name="Mun">Law #47-OZ, Article 6 {{in lang|ru}}</ref> |rural_settlement_jur=Enurmino Rural Settlement |rural_settlement_jur_ref=<ref name="Mun" /> |mun_admctr_of=Enurmino Rural Settlement |mun_admctr_of_ref=<ref name="Mun" />  |area_of_what= |area_as_of= |area_km2= |area_km2_ref= |pop_2010census=301 |pop_2010census_ref=<ref name="2010Census">{{ru-pop-ref|2010Census}}</ref><ref name="2010Note">The results of the 2010 Census are given for Enurmino Rural Settlement, a municipal formation of Chukotsky Municipal District. According to Law #148-OZ, Enurmino is the only inhabited locality on the territory of Enurmino Rural Settlement.</ref> |pop_latest=277 |pop_latest_date=January 2018 |pop_latest_ref=<ref name="2018Est">Office of the Federal State Statistics Service for Khabarovsk Krai, Magadan Oblast, Jewish Autonomous Oblast and Chukotka Autonomous Okrug. [http://habstat.gks.ru/wps/wcm/connect/rosstat_ts/habstat/resources/62f1a600408e9886a05deb4d45abe5e4/%D0%A7%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D0%A7%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE+%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE+%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B0+%D0%BF%D0%BE+%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%BC+%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%BC+%D0%BD%D0%B0+1+%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8F+2018+%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0.doc Численность населения Чукотского автономного округа по муниципальным образованиям на 1 января 2018 года] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190831171236/http://habstat.gks.ru/wps/wcm/connect/rosstat_ts/habstat/resources/62f1a600408e9886a05deb4d45abe5e4/%D0%A7%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D0%A7%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE+%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE+%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B0+%D0%BF%D0%BE+%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%BC+%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%BC+%D0%BD%D0%B0+1+%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8F+2018+%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0.doc |date=2019-08-31 }} {{in lang|ru}}</ref>  |established_date= |established_title= |established_date_ref= |current_cat_date= |current_cat_date_ref=  |postal_codes=689320 |postal_codes_ref= |dialing_codes=42736 |dialing_codes_ref=<ref>[http://www.minjustmag.ru/chu.html Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120208123933/http://www.minjustmag.ru/chu.html |date=2012-02-08 }} Chukotsky District {{in lang|ru}}</ref> |website= }} '''Enurmino''' ({{langx|ru|Энурмино}}; Chukchi: {{lang|ckt|Иннурмин}}, ''Innurmin''; Yupik language: Анушпик<ref name=Leontev>V.V. Leontev and K.A. Novikova, ''Топонимический словарь северо-востока СССР'' (''Toponymic Dictionary of the Northeastern USSR'') (1989) Magadan. p.329</ref> and also known as '''Ennurmin''' ({{langx|ru|Эннурмин}})<ref name="elect" /> and '''Enyurmin''' ({{langx|ru|Энюрмин}})<ref name="elect" />) is a rural locality (a ''selo'') in Chukotsky District of Chukotka Autonomous Okrug, Russia.<ref name="ATS" /> It is located on the Chukchi Sea near Cape Serdtse-Kamen.<ref name="Strogoff, p.120">Strogoff, p.120</ref> Population: {{ru-census|p2010=301}}<ref name="2010Note" /> Municipally, Enurmino is subordinated to Chukotsky Municipal District and incorporated as '''Enurmino Rural Settlement'''.<ref name="Mun" />

==History==

===Pre-Soviet Period=== The name of the village comes from the Chukchi ''I'nnurmin'', meaning "a place behind the hills",<ref name=Leontev /><ref name="Strogoff, p.120"/> as the village is located in a valley surrounded by hills.<ref name="RedCross" /> Nearby discoveries have revealed the site of an older village where the ancestors of those who live in Enurmino used to live,<ref name="Strogoff, p.120"/> with the site of the village itself sitting on top of an ancient Chukchi settlement.<ref name="beringia">[http://www.beringiapark.ru/indexen.php?right=enurminoen Enurmino Area], Beringia Nature Park Website</ref> Nearby the village is the abandoned settlement of Chegitun ({{langx|ru|Чегитун}}), occupied from about 500 AD to the twentieth century,<ref name="beringia" /> until the village was closed and the population transferred to Inchoun.<ref name=bog>''Beringian Notes 2.2'', Bogoslovaskaya, L., National Park Service, Alaska Region (1993), pp. 1-12</ref>

===Soviet Period=== In 1926, the village had a population of 103,<ref name="elect">[http://chukot.izbirkom.ru/way/935267.html Information on Enurmino] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141019072452/http://chukot.izbirkom.ru/way/935267.html |date=2014-10-19 }}, Electoral Commission of the Chukotka Autonomous District (Избирательная комиссия Чукотского автономного округа). Retrieved 12 April 2012. {{in lang|ru}}</ref> which grew to 275 by 1943,<ref name="elect" /> consisting of 259 Chukchi, 1 Yupik and 15 visitors.<ref name="elect" /> During the Soviet period, the people of Enurmino, in collaboration with the people of Neshkan further down the northern Chukotka coast, formed the Sovkhoz '''50th Anniversary of the Great October''' ({{langx|ru|50-летия Великого Октября}}).<ref name="elect" /> In addition to the Sovkhoz, there was also a polar station in the village called '''Netten''', ({{langx|ru|Нэттэн}}).<ref name="elect" /> The staff at this polar station used to play chess games over the radio with scientists at polar stations in the Antarctic.<ref name="elect" />

==Demographics== In 1926-27, Enurmino consisted of 19 households containing 103 Chukchi.<ref name="owcd">[http://chukotraion.ru/places/index.html Муниципальное образование сельское поселение Энурмино] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120914000547/http://chukotraion.ru/places/index.html |date=2012-09-14 }} Municipal Formation of the Rural Settlement of Enurmino - Official Website of Chukotsky District</ref> This had risen to 275 people by 1943, including 259 Chukchi, 15 Yupik and one person classified as a "visitor" upon whose nationality the source does not elaborate,<ref name="owcd" /> though these figures are combined totals for both Enurmino and the, now abandoned, nearby village of Pouten.<ref name="owcd" /> The population had increased further to 290 by 1989, of whom 260 were Chukchi and the remaining 30 classified again as "visitors"<ref name="owcd" /> and again, as of March 2003, to 297, of which 296 were indigenous peoples.<ref name="RedCross">Red Cross of Chukotka. [https://web.archive.org/web/20071007093855/http://redcross-chukotka.ru/English/modules.php?name=Content&pa=showpage&pid=16 Chukotsky District] (Archived)</ref> The reported population as at the start of 2009 showed yet another increase to 311 people,<ref name="owcd" /> but had fallen back to {{ru-census|p2010=301}}<ref name="2010Note" /> for last official census, of whom 139 were male and 162 female.<ref name="2010Census" />

==Culture== In 2008, a documentary was made on the lives of the inhabitants of Enurmino by Anadyr-born director, Alexey Vakhrushev, entitled ''Welcome to Enurmino!'', which shows the villagers trying to preserve their traditional ways of life while making the most of the limited modern amenities available to them.<ref name="Film">The Santa Fe Film Festival 2008. [http://santafe.bside.com/2008/films/welcometoenurmino_santafe2008;jsessionid=028BCED8E695B1C0F3B392D98DF331AC ''Welcome to Enurmino!''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120421084220/http://santafe.bside.com/2008/films/welcometoenurmino_santafe2008;jsessionid=028BCED8E695B1C0F3B392D98DF331AC |date=2012-04-21 }} (with stills).</ref>

==Economy== The main activities of the villagers are Marine mammal harvest, hunting and fishing<ref name="RedCross" /> and 7-8% of the population are actively involved in hunting.<ref name="owcd" />

The village has a food store, an elementary school, a daycare center and a post-office.<ref name="RedCross" />

==Transport== Enurmino is not connected to any other part of the world by permanent road and is 200 miles away from the district centre Lavrentiya.<ref name="owcd" /> The only ways to travel the village are by sea, helicopter or winter road.<ref name="owcd" /> There is, however, a very small network of roads within the village including:<ref name="Pochtovik">[http://www.pochtovik.su/rosindex/87/87007000006s.htm Pochtovik Mail Delivery Service] Chukotsky District {{in lang|ru}}</ref>

* Улица Советская (Ulitsa Sovetskaya, lit. ''Soviet Street'') * Улица Южная (Ulitsa Yuzhnaya, lit. ''South Street'')

==Climate== Enurmino has a Tundra climate (''ET'')<ref>McKnightand Hess, pp.235-7</ref> because the warmest month has an average temperature between {{convert|0|°C|°F|abbr=on}} and {{convert|10|°C|°F|abbr=on}}.

{{Weather box |width=auto |metric first=yes |single line=yes |location=Enurmino, 1955-1991 |Jan record high C=5.0 |Feb record high C=3.9 |Mar record high C=4.5 |Apr record high C=3.0 |May record high C=10.0 |Jun record high C=30.0 |Jul record high C=27.2 |Aug record high C=23.0 |Sep record high C=16.0 |Oct record high C=14.8 |Nov record high C=8.6 |Dec record high C=3.7 |year record high C=30.0 |Jan high C=-18.0 |Feb high C=-21.6 |Mar high C=-20.1 |Apr high C=-13.6 |May high C=-3.3 |Jun high C=6.5 |Jul high C=10.8 |Aug high C=9.2 |Sep high C=4.3 |Oct high C=-3.0 |Nov high C=-10.0 |Dec high C=-17.1 |year high C=-7.6 |Jan mean C = −20.9 |Feb mean C = −24.2 |Mar mean C = −23.0 |Apr mean C = −16.6 |May mean C = -5.2 |Jun mean C = 3.6 |Jul mean C = 7.3 |Aug mean C = 6.5 |Sep mean C = 2.6 |Oct mean C = −4.9 |Nov mean C = −12.4 |Dec mean C = −19.6 |year mean C = −10.2 |Jan low C=-23.5 |Feb low C=-26.5 |Mar low C=-25.5 |Apr low C=-19.5 |May low C=-7.1 |Jun low C=1.1 |Jul low C=4.4 |Aug low C=4.5 |Sep low C=1.2 |Oct low C=-6.5 |Nov low C=-14.5 |Dec low C=-22.0 |year low C=-12.5 |Jan record low C=-43.8 |Feb record low C=-42.2 |Mar record low C=-42.2 |Apr record low C=-34.0 |May record low C=-25.0 |Jun record low C=-7.8 |Jul record low C=-5.0 |Aug record low C=-4.0 |Sep record low C=-8.9 |Oct record low C=-26.0 |Nov record low C=-30.8 |Dec record low C=-37.8 |year record low C=-43.8 |Jan rain mm=25.2 |Feb rain mm=6.7 |Mar rain mm=8.5 |Apr rain mm=6.3 |May rain mm=13.1 |Jun rain mm=9.4 |Jul rain mm=6.8 |Aug rain mm=11.7 |Sep rain mm=8.8 |Oct rain mm=12.6 |Nov rain mm=9.2 |Dec rain mm=9.9 |year rain mm=128.2 |Jan snow days=15 |Feb snow days=10 |Mar snow days=10 |Apr snow days=14 |May snow days=14 |Jun snow days=4 |Jul snow days=0 |Aug snow days=1 |Sep snow days=6 |Oct snow days=18 |Nov snow days=20 |Dec snow days=13 |year snow days=125 |source 1= <ref name="climatebase (1955-1991)">{{Cite web |url=http://climatebase.ru/station/25392/?lang=en |title=climatebase.ru|accessdate=October 2, 2012 }}</ref> }}

==References==

===Notes=== {{Reflist}}

===Sources=== *{{cite book | author1=McKnight, Tom L | author2=Hess, Darrel | year=2000 | chapter=Climate Zones and Types | title=Physical Geography: A Landscape Appreciation | location=Upper Saddle River, NJ | publisher=Prentice Hall | isbn=0-13-020263-0 | url-access=registration | url=https://archive.org/details/physicalgeographmckn }} *{{RussiaAdmMunRef|chu|adm|law}} {{in lang|ru}} *{{RussiaAdmMunRef|chu|mun|list|chukotsky}} {{in lang|ru}} *Strogoff, M, Brochet, P-C and Auzias, D. [https://books.google.com/books?id=ogRsocK2wBQC&dq=petit+fute+chukotka&pg=PA1 ''Petit Futé: Chukotka''], "Avant-Garde" Publishing House, 2006.

Category:Rural localities in Chukotka Autonomous Okrug Category:Chukchi Sea Category:Populated places of Arctic Russia