Enrique Mendiola

{{Short description|Filipino educator and politician (1859–1914)}} {{family name hatnote|Mendiola|Victorino|lang=Spanish}}

thumb| Historical marker of Mendiola Street

'''Enrique José Mendiola y Victorino''' (3 May 1859 — 30 March 1914) was a Filipino educator, author of textbooks and politician who advocated for the right to education in the Philippines. He has been alluded to as the "Educator of the Philippine Revolution".<ref name=Dominican>{{Cite book|last1=de Viana|first1=Augusto |url=https://www.ust.edu.ph/profile/de-viana-augusto-v/ |title=JOSE RIZAL AND THE DOMINICAN CONNECTION|publisher=University of Santo Tomas|series=• Arts & Humanities / Religious Studies |edition=|location=Philippines |date=2013|page=19|isbn=}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|title=JOSE RIZAL AND THE DOMINICAN CONNECTION Connection with the Land {{!}} Course Hero |url=https://www.coursehero.com/file/44693436/Augusto-de-Vianadocx/|language=en}}</ref>

==Early life and education== Enrique Mendiola was born on May 3, 1859 in San Miguel, Manila,<ref>{{Citation|title=Mendiola, ang paboritong pagdausan ng protesta {{!}} GMA News and Public Affairs |url=https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/topstories/ulatfilipino/241336/mendiola-ang-paboritong-pagdausan-ng-protesta/story/ |language=tl}}</ref> son of Quintín Mendiola, a blacksmith, and María Escolástica Victorino.<ref>{{Citation |title=Enrique Mendiola {{!}} Manila Bulletin Publishing Corporation |url=https://balita.mb.com.ph/2016/05/03/enrique-mendiola/ |language=tl |access-date=2025-01-24 |archive-date=2025-01-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250105232711/https://balita.mb.com.ph/2016/05/03/enrique-mendiola/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>

He graduated with a Bachelor of Arts from Manila's Colegio de San Juan de Letran. He began teaching after graduating from the University of Santo Tomas in law and later completed a course in philosophy and literature.<ref name="Dominican" />

==Founder of schools== Mendiola founded the school named ''La Invención de la Santa Cruz'' (translation: The Invention of the Holy Cross) on Ongpin Street in Binondo, Manila — one among the first and unique schools administered by Filipinos at that time.<ref>{{Cite news | title=The History Behind Our Street Names | trans-title=The History Behind Our Street Names | url=https://facts.rappler.com/the-history-behind-our-street-names/index.html#&panel1-8 | language=en | work=Rappler | date=3 February 2013 | access-date=5 January 2025 | archive-date=27 January 2025 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250127003930/https://facts.rappler.com/the-history-behind-our-street-names/index.html#&panel1-8 | url-status=dead }}</ref> This school offered education from elementary to high school. In the second semester of the academic year 1898-1899, the school began offering English language courses under an American teacher.

Mendiola became the director of the ''Instituto Burgos'' school established by the Philippine revolutionary government in Malolos, Bulacan, and after that, during the United States occupation of the Philippines, he founded the school, ''Liceo de Manila'' together with other prominent figures of the Revolution.<ref>{{Cite book | last=Rodriguez | first=Eulogio B. | title=Ignacio Villamor: The Savant and the Man | trans-title=Ignacio Villamor: The Wise and the Man | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ONd2AAAAMAAJ&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=mendiola | language=en | page=8 | year=1939 | location=Manila | publisher=Printing Office | access-date=6 January 2025 | via=Google Books}}</ref> The President of the United States, Theodore Roosevelt, recognized and warmly congratulated Mendiola in a historic letter,<ref>{{Citation|title=Letter from Theodore Roosevelt to Enrique Mendiola {{!}} Theodore Roosevelt Center|url=https://www.theodorerooseveltcenter.org/Research/Digital-Library/Record/ImageViewer?libID=o188445|language=en|access-date=2025-01-24|archive-date=2025-01-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250127003936/https://www.theodorerooseveltcenter.org/Research/Digital-Library/Record/ImageViewer?libID=o188445|url-status=dead}}</ref> for his important contributions in the field of education.

==Legacy== Enrique Mendiola was appointed as the first member of the Board of Regents of the newly established University of the Philippines.<ref>{{Cite news | last=Sionil | first=Phil C. | title=2 V. Mapa men and Aunt Sally | trans-title=Two boys of V. Mapa and Aunt Sally | url=https://mb.com.ph/2024/2/29/2-v-mapa-men-and-tita-sally | language=en | work=Manila Bulletin | date=29 February 2024 | access-date=5 January 2025}}</ref> His pioneering work in the field of education in the Philippines is honorably mentioned by the National Artist for Historical Literature Carlos Quirino in his book of greats in Philippine history.<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Quirino|first1=Carlos|title=Who's Who In Philippine History|url=https://ncca.gov.ph/about-culture-and-arts/culture-profile/national-artists-of-the-philippines/carlos-quirino/|publisher=Tahanan Books|location=Philippines|date=1995|page=145|isbn=971-630-035-2|archive-date=2025-07-16|access-date=2025-01-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250716204125/https://ncca.gov.ph/about-culture-and-arts/culture-profile/national-artists-of-the-philippines/carlos-quirino/|url-status=dead}}</ref>

=== Mendiola Street === Mendiola died on 30 March 1914, and Mendiola Street, the historic thoroughfare approaching the Malacanang Presidential Palace in Manila's University Belt (of which includes portions of San Miguel), was later named after him.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Medina |first=Marielle |date=3 May 2019 |title=DID YOU KNOW: 160th birth anniversary of educator Enrique Mendiola |url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1113161/did-you-know-160th-birth-anniversary-of-educator-enrique-mendiola |access-date=6 January 2025 |work=Philippine Daily Inquirer |language=en}}</ref><gallery class="center" widths="300" heights="250" mode="packed" caption="Enrique Mendiola Street, in honor of the ''Educator of the Philippine Revolution''"> File:MendiolaStreetjf2545 16.JPG File:Mendiola Street Peace Arch (Manila; 02-01-2025).jpg </gallery>

== Books authored by Enrique Mendiola == ''This list may become longer.''<ref>{{Citation|title=Enrique Mendiola {{!}} HathiTrust |url=https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Search/Home?lookfor=Enrique+Mendiola&searchtype=all|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|title=Enrique Mendiola {{!}} elib.gov.ph: National Library of the Philippines (NLP), University of the Philippines (UP), Department of Science and Technology (DOST), Department of Agriculture (DA), and the Commission on Higher Education (CHED) |url=https://www.elib.gov.ph/results.php?f=author&q=Mendiola%2C+Enrique.|language=en}}</ref> <br> * ''Programa de Gramática Castellana'' (1892) (translation: '''Spanish Grammar Program'''), a textbook for a first course in Spanish grammar * ''Programa de Gramática Castellana y Latina'' (1893) (translation: '''Spanish and Latin Grammar Program''') * ''Programa de Historia Universal'' (1892) (translation: '''Universal History Program''') * ''El Instructor Filipino'' (1898) (translation: '''The Filipino Instructor''') * ''Doctrina Civil'' (1901), written with Ignacio B. Villamor (translation: '''Civil Doctrine''') * ''A Puntes Sobre la Historia de Filipinas'' (1910) (translation:'''Notes on the History of the Philippines''') * ''Principios de moral y educacion civica'' (1910) (translation:'''Principles of morality and civic education''')

== References== {{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Mendiola, Enrique}} Category:People from the Spanish East Indies Category:Members of the Malolos Congress Category:People_of_the_Philippine_Revolution Category:20th-century Filipino educators Category:University_of_Santo_Tomas_alumni Category:1859 births Category:1914 deaths Category:People from San Miguel, Manila Category:Colegio de San Juan de Letran alumni