{{Short description|Subclass of roundworms}} {{Automatic taxobox | taxon = Enoplia | authority = Pearse, 1942 | subdivision_ranks = Orders | subdivision = * Enoplida * Trefusiida * Triplonchida }}

The '''Enoplia''' are a subclass of nematodes in the class Enoplea.

== Description == Enoplians are characterized by amphids shaped like ovals, stirrups, or pouches. Their bodies are smooth, without rings or lines. The esophagus is cylindrical and glandular.<ref name=ucd>[http://plpnemweb.ucdavis.edu/nemaplex/Taxadata/Enoplia.htm Subclass Enoplia.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131010072252/http://plpnemweb.ucdavis.edu/nemaplex/taxadata/Enoplia.htm |date=2013-10-10 }} Nemaplex: Nematode-Plant Expert Information System. University of California, Davis. Version July 26, 2012.</ref>

== Taxonomy == Lorenzen described two orders, Enoplida and Trefusiida, in the 1980s based on morphology. With the advent of phylogenetic analysis, a reorganisation has been necessary, moving the Triplonchida here to create three orders and expanding it.<ref name=ucd/><ref name=ucr>[http://faculty.ucr.edu/~pdeley/lab/taxonomy.html Phylum Nematoda.] Nematode Classification. Department of Nematology. University of California, Riverside.</ref> {{sfn|Lee|2010}}

The orders are distinguished mainly by habitat type.<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Bik | first1 = H. M. | display-authors = etal | year = 2010 | title = Moving towards a complete molecular framework of the Nematoda: a focus on the Enoplida and early-branching clades | journal = BMC Evol. Biol. | volume = 10 | issue = 1 | page = 353 | doi=10.1186/1471-2148-10-353 | pmid=21073704 | pmc=2995457 | doi-access = free | bibcode = 2010BMCEE..10..353B }}</ref>{{sfn|Lee|2010}}

*Enoplida Filipjev, 1929 &ndash; nematodes of marine and brackish water habitat, carnivorous or feed on diatoms and other algaes *Triplonchida Cobb, 1920 &ndash; terrestrial nematodes, including some plant parasites *Trefusiida Lorenzen, 1981

== Phylogeny == Enoplia is regarded as the earliest nematode branch, according to recent phylogenetic analysis.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last1=Ahmed |first1=Mohammed |last2=Roberts |first2=Nickellaus G. |last3=Adediran |first3=Funmilola |last4=Smythe |first4=Ashleigh B. |last5=Kocot |first5=Kevin M. |last6=Holovachov |first6=Oleksandr |date=2022 |title=Phylogenomic Analysis of the Phylum Nematoda: Conflicts and Congruences With Morphology, 18S rRNA, and Mitogenomes |journal=Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution |volume=9 |doi=10.3389/fevo.2021.769565 |doi-access=free |issn=2296-701X}}</ref> Enoplia is mentioned as a sister clade to Dorylaima and Chromadoria.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web |last1=Holterman |first1=Martijn |last2=van der Wurff |first2=Andre |last3=van den Elsen |first3=Sven |last4=van Megen |first4=Hanny |last5=Bongers |first5=Tom |last6=Holovachov |first6=Oleksandr |last7=Bakker |first7=Jaap |last8=Helder |first8=Johannes |date=June 21, 2006 |title=Phylum-Wide Analysis of SSU rDNA Reveals Deep Phylogenetic Relationships among Nematodes and Accelerated Evolution toward Crown Clades |url=https://academic.oup.com/mbe/article/23/9/1792/1014288 |access-date=2024-02-15 |journal=Molecular Biology and Evolution |volume=23 |issue=9 |pages=1792–1800 |doi=10.1093/molbev/msl044|pmid=16790472 }}</ref>

== References == {{Reflist}}

== Bibliography == {{refbegin}} *{{cite journal|last1=Blaxter|first1=Mark L.|last2=De Ley|first2=Paul|last3=Garey|first3=James R.|last4=Liu|first4=Leo X.|last5=Scheldeman|first5=Patsy|last6=Vierstraete|first6=Andy|last7=Vanfleteren|first7=Jacques R.|last8=Mackey|first8=Laura Y.|last9=Dorris|first9=Mark|last10=Frisse|first10=Linda M.|last11=Vida|first11=J. T.|last12=Thomas|first12=W. Kelley|title=A molecular evolutionary framework for the phylum Nematoda|journal=Nature|date=5 March 1998|volume=392|issue=6671|pages=71–75|doi=10.1038/32160|pmid=9510248|bibcode=1998Natur.392...71B |s2cid=4301939}} *{{cite book|editor1-last=Lee|editor1-first=Donald L|title=The biology of nematodes|date=2010|publisher=Taylor & Francis|location=London|isbn=978-0415272117|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=omQLBAAAQBAJ|access-date=16 December 2014}} *De Ley, P & Blaxter, M 2004, 'A new system for Nematoda: combining morphological characters with molecular trees, and translating clades into ranks and taxa'. in R Cook & DJ Hunt (eds), Nematology Monographs and Perspectives. vol. 2, E.J. Brill, Leiden, pp.&nbsp;633–653. {{refend}}

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Category:Enoplia Category:Ecdysozoa subclasses

{{Enoplea-stub}}